The Fictions in Moral Philosophy of Allāmeh Tabātabāi and the Non-cognitivist Approach in Meta-ethics: Comparative Study
Subject Areas : Epistemological researchesانشاءاله رحمتی 1 , لیلی حیدریان 2
1 - دانشیارگروه فلسفه دانشگاه آزاداسلامی واحدتهران مرکزی
2 - دانش آموخته مقطع کارشناسی ارشد فلسفه و حکمت اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی
Keywords: fictions, moral philosophy, non-cognitivism, meta-ethics, Allāmeh Tabātabāi,
Abstract :
Allāmeh Tabātabāi’s theory of fictions is similar to the non-cognitivist theory in meta-ethics, since both of them deal with non-declarative sentences. However Tabātabāi disagrees with non-cognitivists’ statement, that non-declarative sentences are meaningless. In non-cognitivist theory ethical sentences and emotional expressions are the same; in fact, ethical sentences are not the rational consequence of emotions or meanings that indicate emotions. But according to Tabātabāi’s theory of fictions, fictitious perceptions and talking of good and evil are affected by our motivations and needs and are not identical with them. Since Tabātabāi believes that perceptions and meanings are the fruits of inner elements, he is very close to sentimentalists. However, for sentimentalists ethical sentences are relative propositions. They believe that good and evil are the results of unruly and changeable emotions of human beings. On the other hand, non-cognitivists consider material nature and experience as the criteria for measuring ethical statements; therefore, they could not get rid of relativism. But Tabātabāi, considering the divine disposition of man which could bring bliss for human beings, talks about fixed and unchanging values which are constant in origin and rooted in human nature. Therefore, Tabātabāi’s theory of fictions, which is rooted in rich Islamic culture and tradition and resulted from the teachings of Quran, consists of firm logical principles and never falls into the trap of relativism.
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