Ethical Code of Judges of the Wrestling Federation of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Subject Areas : Sports Management StudiesMorteza Zoormand Safanjani 1 , Hossein Poursoltani Zarandi 2 , Morteza Rezaei Sufi 3
1 - Department of Sport Management, Payame Noor University, Rasht Iran.
2 - Department of Sport Management, Payame Noor University, Iran.
3 - Department of Sport Management, Payame Noor University, Iran.
Keywords: judges, Wrestling Federation, Ethics, Referees,
Abstract :
Objective: The present study was conducted with the aim of developing a code of ethics for judges of the Wrestling Federation of the Islamic Republic of Iran.Methodology: According to the purpose, this research is one of the applied researches which is a survey in terms of implementation method. The study population of the present study was all the judges of the Wrestling Federation of the Islamic Republic of Iran in an unknown number, which due to inconsistency in summarizing the statistics of the total number of judges, no accurate information was found. In order to determine the sample, the number of subjects according to the adequacy of the sample size in the measurement model, which according to Hir (2012) was determined to be at least 200 people, 258 people were identified as members of the research sample. The research measurement tool is a researcher-made ethical questionnaire by Likert method (five options). This 48-item questionnaire was designed in the form of 9 main components of rule of law, respect, ranking, professional attitude, honesty and trustworthiness, justice, responsibility, related to the heroic character. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis for construct validity are used to identify questions and components, one-sample t-test is used to examine the status of questions, components and the concept of ethical code, and Friedman test is used to prioritize questions and components.Results: The results of statistical tests showed that the average components of the judges's moral system in the ship in the sample is above 3, so in the sample has a desirable level and it can be said that the components of the judges's moral system is at the desired level. Also, according to Wilcoxon test for the difference of components with each other to follow the rankings, it was found that there is no difference between honesty, trustworthiness with dignity and respect with heroism and also respect with dignity, while a significant difference was observed between all subsequent components.Conclusion: It seems that the ethics and moral virtues among the judges are not due to their credibility and career advancement, but these components are mixed with their spirit and character and after a lifetime in the world of wrestling and gaining different experiences. It has become part of the morale and ethics of these judges.
Airaksinen, T. (1998). Professional ethics. Encyclopedia of Applied Ethics, 3, 671-681.
Aargau e Pina, J., Pesos, A., Areujeoa, D., & Maynard, M.T. (2018). Football refereeing: An integrative review. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 35, 10-26.
Amiri, A.N., Hemati, M., & Mobini, M. (2010). Professional ethics, necessity for organization. Ethical Cognition Journal, (4), 137-159. (Persian)
Boxill, J. (2003). The ethics of competition, sport ethics. 1st ed. USA: Black Well Publisher. (Persian)
Aragau e Pina, J., Margarida Passos, A. Maynard, T., & Sinval, J. (2021). Self-efficacy, mental models and team adaptation: A first approach on football and futsal refereeing. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 52(10), 17-87.
Baghi Nasrabadi, A., & Soleimani, M. (2013). Organizational culture role on professional ethics in organizations. Cultural Management Journal, 7 (22): 87-102. (Persian)
Beikzad, J., Sadeghi, M., & Ebrahimpoor, D. (2012). Organizational criteria effect in staff’s professional ethics improvement. Journal of Ethics in Science and Technology, 7 (2), 1-9. (Persian)
Brittany, L., Jacobsa, J.K., Tingleb B.D., & Mark A.S. (2019). Exploring referee abuse through the lens of the collegiate rugby coach, Sport Management Review, 23(1), 39-51.
Cuskelly, G., & Hoye, R. (2013). Sport officials’ intention to continue. Sport Management Review, 16(4), 451–464.
Demerouti, E. (2006). Job characteristics, flow, and performance: The moderating role of conscientiousness. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 11(3), 266–280.
Ghanbari, S., Ardalan M.R., Beheshtirad, R., & Soltanzade, V. (2015). Faculty members’ professional ethics and it’s correlation with universities quality. Journal of Ethics in Science and Technology, 10 (2), 39-48. (Persian)
Khan, B.H., & Smith, H.L. (2007). Student evaluation instrument for online programs. In: Khan BH, Ed. Flexible learning: Englewood chaffs. NJ: Educational Technology Publications.
Khosravizadeh, E., Khalaji, H., & Mondalizadeh, Z. (2019). Developing code of ethics for sport board coaches in Markazi Province.
Kline, R.B. (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford Publications.
Kontz, H., & Weihrich, H. (1993). Management: A global perspenctive: Chapter 2, management and society: social (responsiblity and ethics).Mc Graw- Hill Inc. International. Tenthe Editional.
Lidbom, P.P., & Priks, M. (2007). Behavior under social pressure: Empty Italian stadiums and referee bias. Economics Letters, 108(2), 212-214.
Maennig, W. (2005). Corruption in international sports and sport management: Forms, tendencies, extent and countermeasures. European Sport Management Quarterly, 5(2), 187-225.
Marami, K., Poursoltani Zarandi, H., & Afarinesh Khaki, A. (2015). Designing and compiling the moral system of national handball athletes, dissertation for receiving, bachelor's degree, master's degree in discipline, physical education and sports science, Islamic Azad University, Taft Branch. (Persian)
Mesbahi, M., & Abaszade, A. (2013). Systematic pattern for professional ethics in universities. Journal of Existence Ethics, 3 (10): 11-33. (Persian)
Motahari, M., Honari, H., & Kashkar, S. (2013). The role of decomposition factors on the refereeing of football referees: A case study of referees in the Iranian Football Professional League. New Approaches in Sports Management, 1(1), 97-108. (Persian)
Nazarpour, K. (2018). Investigating the factors influencing the referees' decisions in Iranian men's football leagues. Fourth National Conference on Sports Science and Physical Education of Iran, Association for the Development and Promotion of Basic Sciences and Technologies and supported by CIVILICA, Tehran. (Persian)
Shahali, M., Rashidpoor, A., Kavoosi, E., & Etebarian, A. (2015). Professional ethics model in Iran organizations. Urban Management Journal, (39), 393-406. (Persian)
Shirmohammadi, M., & Asgharizade, E. (2010). Purgation of professional ethics in consulter companies. Journal of Ethics in Science and Technology, 5 (12), 74-83. (Persian)
Shoorvarzi, M., Lotfi, S. (2012). Investigating the correlation between organizational culture and professional ethics in financial unit of nongovernmental organizations. Cultural Management Journal, (15), 75-83. (Persian)
Tamari, B. (2007). An exploration of the relationship between burnout occupational stress and emotional intelligence in the nursing industry. Master thesis, University of Stellenbosch.
Vallerand, R.J. (2007). A hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation for sport and physical activity. In M. S. Hagger, & N. L. D. Chatzisarantis (Eds.), Self-determination theory in exercise and sport, Champaign, IL: Human Kinetic, 255–279.
Visschers, J., Paoli, L., & Deshpande, A. (2019). Match-fixing: Football referees’attitudes and experiences, Crime, Law and Social Change. 74, pp: 77–95.
Zareen, H., Baran, A., Bakhshesh, M.F., & Rasekh, N. (2017). Codification of ethics pirncles for physical education managers of armed forces. (Persian)
Zia alDini, A., & Sharifian, E. (2015). The effect of environment on the development of moral code and mental health of educators. Razi Journal of Medical Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran. (Persian)
_||_