Designing a model of cultural barriers for women's participation in leisure sports activities in sports recreation centers

Subject Areas : Sports Management Studies

Mehdi  Salimi ¹ (Department of Sports Management, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.)
Leila  Moslehi ² (Department of Sports Management, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.)
Amir Hossein  Labbaf ³ ()

Received: 2022-01-12 Accepted : 2022-01-22 Published : 2022-01-21

Keywords: Sports, Women, leisure, culture,

Abstract :

Purpose: Leisure is one of the dimensions of social life that if it contradicts the common culture of society, it can become a social problem or dilemma; Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of designing a model of cultural barriers to women's participation in leisure sports activities in sports recreation centers.Methodology: The research method in terms of type and data analysis was qualitative with a data theorizing approach. The statistical population of the study consisted of senior managers, officials and faculty members aware of the field of research, which in order to select the sample people, purposeful sampling method based on a theoretical approach was used. The required data were collected using in-depth interviews and analyzed in three stages of open, axial and selective coding.Results: Based on the obtained results, causal conditions include the existence of non-indigenous culture, patriarchal perspective, weakness in the capital of women's sports culture, lack of social support and motivational barriers; Underlying conditions including economic factors, facility and facility factors and managerial factors and intervening conditions including individual factors and religious tendencies were identified. Strategies were introduced in three areas of needs assessment and policy-making, localization and alignment of relevant bodies, and after presenting the consequences, a paradigm model was presented.Conclusion: Needs assessment and policy-making, alignment of organs to achieve goals and localization of leisure activities have desirable results in order to remove cultural barriers to the presence of women in sports and recreation centers and use the benefits, Will bring.

References:

Alivand, Alinoor; Maleki, Amir; Pasamehr, Mehraban and Ghasemi, Hamid. (1396). Sociological Explanation of Women's Sports Participation with Emphasis on Gender Norms (Case Study: Women of Ilam Province), Ilam Culture, 18 (56): 7-31. (Persian)

Aljayyousi, G.F. Munshar, M.A. Salim, F & Osman, E.R. (2019). Addressing context to understand physical activity among Muslim university students: the role of gender, family, and culture, BMC Public Health, (19): 1452. (Persian)

Arab-Moghaddam, N. & Sheikholeslami, R. (2007). Women's Leisure and Constraints to Participation : Iranian Perspectives, Journal of Leisure Research 39(1). (Persian)

Banagar, Abbas; Sabzalipour, Maryam; Mohammadi, Abbas Ali and Mirzaei, Mashallah. (1394). Leisure, cultural capital and women (Case study of women in Amol city). The Second National Conference on Sustainable Development in Educational Sciences and Psychology, Social and Cultural Studies, Tehran . (Persian)

Darabi, Mehri; Gaini, Abbas Ali and Vmivand, Parvaneh. (1388). Study of cultural factors affecting the tendency to sports activities in women aged 25 to 40 years in Tehran, Research in Sports Sciences, (24), 77-88. (Persian)

Ebrahimi, Ghorban Ali; Razeghi, Nader and Muslimi Petroudi, Roghayeh. (1390). Leisure and social factors affecting it. Applied Sociology, 22 (4): 71-98. (Persian)

Habibi, Leila and Nikpour, Amer. (1396). Analysis of women's attitudes towards the formation of tourism-leisure spaces for women, a case study: Amol Women's Park, Journal of Tourism Planning and Development, 6 (21): 96-115. (Persian)

Hamzehzadeh Afkham, Shermin and Najafzadeh, Mohammad Rahim. (1394). Relationship between cultural capital and leisure time with emphasis on sports activities in people aged 18-29 in Mahabad city, National Conference on Applied Sports and Health Sciences, Tabriz. (Persian)

Harnen, P.M. Honkasalo, M.V. Ronkainen, L.K. & Suurpaa, L.E. (2012). Multiculturalism and young people’s leisure spaces in Finland: perspectives of multicultural youth. Journal Leisure Studies, 31(2): 177-191.

Irjapour, Alireza; Mpjarad, Nahid and Dabbagh Rezaieh, Faramarz. (1393). Investigating the role of mass media in the cultural development of public and professional sports in the country. Bi-Quarterly Journal of Sports Management and Development, 5 (2): 35-52. (Persian)

Jafari, Ali Akbar and Qasemi, Naeema. (1392). The ancient sport of Zurkhaneh and its place in the promotion of Shiism, Quarterly Journal of Shiite Studies, 11 (42). (Persian)

Jalali Farahani, Majid. (1386). Leisure and Recreational Sports Management, Tehran: University of Tehran Press. (Persian)

Jin, X & Whitson, R. (2014). Young women and public leisure spaces in contemporary Beijing: Recreating (with) gender, tradition, and place. Social & Cultural Geography, 15(4): 1-21.

Juhari, N.L.A.B. Parnabas, V. & Syurno, S. (2015). Barriers in Physical Activity Participation among Muslem Women. 7^th International Conference on Humanities And Social Science.

Koca, C. Henderson, K. Asci, F.H. & Bulgu, N. (2009). “Constraints to Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Negotiation Strategies in Turkish Women”. Journal of Leisure Research, 41(2): 225–251.

Laar, R. Shi, S. & Ashraf, M.A (2019). Participation of Pakistani Female Students in Physical Activities: Religious, Cultural, and Socioeconomic Factors. Religions, 10(11):617.

Lacombe, J. Armstrong .J. M.E.G. F. Wright, L. & Foster, C (2019). The impact of physical activity and an additional behavioural risk factor on cardiovascular disease, cancer and all-cause mortality: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 19, 900.

Lee, J. (2001). A grounded theory: Integration and Internalization in ERP adoption and use, Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, University of Nebreska, In Proquest UMI Database.

Lenneis, V. & pfister, G. (2017). When girl have no opportunities and women have neither time nor energy: the psrticipation of muslim female cleaner in recreational physical activity. Sport in scciety, (9): 1-20.

Miriusfi, Jalil Ramezani Nejad, Rahim and Rahmati, Mohammad Mehdi. (1395). Investigating the role of social culture development in the cultural development of championship sports, human resource management in sports, 4 (1), 131-146. (Persian)

Motameni, Alireza; Hemmati, Amin and Moradi, Hadi. (1393). Identifying and prioritizing barriers for women in sports activities, Sports Management Studies, (24): 111-130. (Persian)

Mursel, Baqher. (1393). Managing and planning the participation of the people of Tehran in outdoor sports recreation; According to the motivations, obstacles, leisure satisfaction and life satisfaction, Master Thesis, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. (Persian)

Nazari Azad, Masoumeh; Talebpour, Akbar and Kashani, Majid. (1398). Sociological Analysis of Gender Inequality in Sport (From the Perspective of Women Athletes National Champions), Women and Society, 10 (40): 289-316. (Persian)

Nowak, P. Bozek, A. & Blukacz, M. (2019). Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Quality of Life among University Students. BioMed Research International: 1-10.

Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (2009). Leisure varies across countries and cultures, 9(4).

Qolizadeh, Azar and Seyed Salehi, Sepideh. (1394). The role of sports network programs in promoting the sports culture of housewives in the fifth district of Tehran, Journal of Cultural Management, 9 (28): 23-49. (Persian)

Ramanthahan, S. & Crocker, P.R.E. (2009). The Influence of Family and Culture on Physical Activity among Female Adolescents from the Indian Diaspora. Qualitative Health Research, 19(9): 492-503.

Remacha, M.S. González, L.G. Serrano & J.S. Aibar, A. (2019). Barriers to Physical Activity in Disadvantaged Population: A Qualitative Comparison between Roma and Non-Roma Women. Research quarterly for exercise and sport 90(2):1-11.

Rezaei Kamarpashti, Sahar and Aga Khan Babaei. (2016). Identifying and prioritizing barriers to women's advancement in public sports (Case study of women in Hormozgan province). The first national conference on new research findings in sports science in the field of health, social vitality, entrepreneurship and championship, Ahvaz. (Persian)

Safiri, Khadijeh; Modiri, Fatemeh (1390). Gender differences in leisure. Social Analysis Quarterly Journal of Social Order and Inequality, 1 (59): 147-169. (Persian)

Seyyed Ameri, Mir Hassan and Mohammad Alaq, Ghorbanobardi. (1391). Explaining Strategies for Attracting and Increasing Citizen Participation in Public and Recreational Sports Programs (Case Study: Urmia), Sports Management and Motor Science Research, 2 (4): 23-34. (Persian)

Shariati Feizabadia, M.Salsali,S. Moeinirad, S & Nikravan, F (2012). The study of problems & barriers of female students for the sport participation in Mashhad city. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 31, 28-30.

Soltani Banavandi, Mahin. (1396). The need to develop new approaches to leisure in accordance with the religion of Islam. Conference on Management of Economics, Accounting and Human Resources, Shiraz University. (Persian)

Strauss, A.L., & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory, 2nd Ed., Sage.

Tatari, Ehsan; Ehsani, Mohammad; Koozechian, Hashem and Norouzi Seyed Hassani, Rasool. (1398). Designing a Model of Social Marketing Implementation Requirements in the Recreational Sports of the Country Using Data Foundation Theory, Sports Management Studies, (53): 33-58. (Persian)

The Lancet Public Health (2019). Time to tackle the physical activity gender gap. (19): e360.

Tondnevis, Fereydoun. (1381). The place of sports in the leisure time of the Iranian people. Research in Sports Science, 1 (4), 115-133. (Persian)

Zakai, Mohammad Saeed (1390). Historical understanding of Iranian leisure in the works of Iranian and foreign travel writers (1600-1900). Social Science Quarterly. (57): 76-109. (Persian)