TY  - JOUR
AU  - عبداللهی, علیرضا
TI  - The role of trade in the spread of Islam in Timbuktu
JO  - The Journal of Islamic History and Civilisation
VL  - 21
IS  - 3
SP  - 77
EP  - 96
PY  - 2025
DO  - https://doi.org/10.71871/jhcin.2025.1214893
ER  -