A review of the history of Iranian horticulture with emphasis on water behavior in the formation system of Birjand horticulture

Subject Areas : Journal of History (Tarikh)

mohammad shabani ¹ ( PhD Student, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Birjand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Birjand, Iran. )
reza mirzaei ² ( Assistant Professor of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Islamic Azad University, Birjand Branch, Iran. )
farhad khosravi ³ ( Assistant Professor of Art Research, Faculty of Art, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran Community Verified icon )
seyed mohammad reza khalilnejad ⁴ ( Assistant Professor, Faculty of Arts, Department of Handicrafts, Birjand University, Birjand, Iran )

Received: 2022-03-09 Accepted : 2022-07-12 Published : 2023-02-20

Keywords: Iran, Birjand, History of Horticulture, Water Behavior,

Abstract :

Water is important in the view of architects in Birjand horticultural system, but water (in terms of process, functional and environmental dimensions) can make the audience rise and mobilize psychological pleasure in the horticultural system. In terms of process dimensions, water is present in Birjand horticultural system in different ways. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical, which after analyzing the content, we will analyze the data. The results show that water is one of the main elements in the gardening system in Birjand and is present in the garden in at least three aspects: conceptual, functional and aesthetic. The water of springs and aqueducts has enlivened the gardens of Birjand and by flowing in streams, waterfalls and low slopes, it has made the view of the garden beautiful and its air pleasant. The presence of water in the gardens of Birjand has a hierarchy that can have a significant effect on the consequential (psychological) dimensions of water behavior in the garden system. In other words, the presence of water in the garden has two functional and symbolic functions, that is, from a functional point of view, it irrigates trees and plants and creates freshness in the space. He finds that in fact, it responds to the need to understand its existence. Water is important in the eyes of architects in the garden system of Birjand. And process and functional dimensions have a significant effect on the consequential (psychological) dimensions of water behavior in the Birjand gardening system.