Investigating the relations between Khawarij and Umayyads from the time of Muawiyah to Marwan I

Subject Areas : Journal of History (Tarikh)

Khodadad Khedri ¹ , Abdolaziz Movahed ² , Mansour Amani ³

1 - PhD student, Department of History, Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran.
2 - Department of History, Shushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shushtar, Iran
3 - Assistant Professor, Department of History, Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran.

Received: 2023-02-17 Accepted : 2023-04-05 Published : 2025-03-05

Keywords: Khawarij, Umayyad dynasty, Muawiyah, Yazid,

Abstract :

The Khawarij are a group that rose up from the Safin War in opposition to the Arbitration Treaty. They discredited the legitimacy of both the warring sides, Caliph Ali bin Abi Talib and Mu'awiya bin Abi Sufyan, with the slogan "Lahkam Ali Allah". They took up arms to deny them. The Kharijites, whose origin and base were the northern Arabian tribes and attributed to the primitive people, were always at war with the Umayyads during the Umayyad rule, especially during the reign of Muawiya until Marwan I. This process created a process that weakened the legitimacy and credibility of the Umayyad. This research raises the following question: What was the relationship between the Khawarij and the Umayyad rulers from the time of Muawiya I to Marwan I? Proposed hypothesis: Khawarij did not accept the legitimacy of the Umayyad dynasty in any way and challenged it throughout the rule of the early caliphs in question. The result of the article is that the structure of the basic water theory and the tribal life of the autocratic system and that the Khawarij emerged from this biological system during the rule of the three early Umayyad caliphs were at war with them.