Investigation of positioning, mixture and size diversity of Lonicera nummulariifolia Jaub. & Spach in Zagros forests (Case study: Parak Area, Khorramabad City)
Subject Areas :
forest
شهرام مهدی کرمی
1
(لرستان، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی. گروه جنگلداری.)
بابک پیله ور
2
(دانشیار گروه جنگلداری دانشگاه لرستان)
رامین حسین زاده
3
(دانشجوی دکتری گروه جنگلداری دانشگاه لرستان)
null null
4
(null)
Received: 2016-10-19
Accepted : 2017-01-07
Published : 2017-02-19
Keywords:
Diversity,
structure,
Lonicera nummularifoliaI,
nearest neighbors,
Abstract :
Lonicera nummularifolia Jaub. & Spach is one of the valuable trees and shrubs species that can be observed with oak species in Zagros forests. Regard to the high value of this species from protection, support and medicinal aspect, it can be necessary to perform comprehensive study. Therefore, this study was carried out in order to investigate the location, mixture and size of Lonicera nummulariifolia Jaub. & Spach in Zagros to neighboring trees in Parak Area, Khorramabad City. For this purpose, four-hectare plots was performed, L. nummulariifolia trees were identified and the azimuth and distance from four neighboring tree species and crown dimensions of neighbors trees were investigated. In this study, uniform angle index, Mingling mixture index and canopy size index were used to evaluate the diversity of positioning, to determine the mixture and to verify the dimensions of Lonicera, respectively. Based on the results of this study, an average of three uniform angle index, mingling mixture and canopy dimensions were 0.575, 0.940 and 0.590, respectively, which represent a random arrangement of this species to neighbors trees, the large mixture and medium dimensions in compared to other neighbors. Also, based on the distance index to the nearest neighbor, the average distance to the four neighboring tree was calculated equal to 1.99 meters. The results of this study can be used to provide a model to the preservation, restoration and development of Zagros forests which has fragile ecosystems.
References:
Alijani V., Sagheb Talebi, Kh., Akhavan, R. 2013. Quantifying structure of intact beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) stands at different development stages (Case study: Kelardasht area, Mazandaran) Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 21 (3): 396-410.(In Persian).
Biao, Z., Wenhau, L., Gaodie, X., Yu, X. 2008 .Water conservation of forest ecosystem in Beijing and its value.Ecological Economics.
Bordbar, K. 2001. Investigating quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Luranthus in Fars province. Research and builders. 12 (42): 75-72.
Erfanifard, S.Y., Zare, L and Feghhi, J. 2013. The use of nearest neighbor indicators in the sprouts of Persian oak (Quercus brantii var. Persica) in Zagros forests. Journal of Applied Ecology, 2 (5) 24-15.
Fangliang H, Pierre L, James VL. 1997. Distribution patterns of trees species in a Malaysian tropical rain forest. Journal of Vegetation Science. 8: 105–114.
Farhadi, P., Sousani, J., Adeli, K, Alijani, V. 2013. Assessment of changes in location and species diversity by the destruction of local communities of Zagros forests (Case study: forests of Ghale-Gol, Khorramabad). Journal of Wood and Forestry Science and Technology, 20 (4) 61-80.(In Persian).
Hamzehpour, M, Bordbar, K. 1999. Investigating some Silviculture characterization of forest species of Lonicera in Sepidan area. Research and builders. 12 (1): 75-72.
Heidari, R.Z. 2008. Distance sampling methods in forest inventory. Razi University, 132 p.(In Persian).
Hosseini, A. 2012. The pattern of distribution of tree species Acer cineracens and Lonicera in relation to topography and form clumps in the forests of Ilam Kazan.Journal of natural ecosystems Iran. 3(2) .(In Persian).
Illian, J., Penttinen, A., Stoyan, H., Stoyan, D. 2008. Statistical Analysis and Modelling of Spatial Point Patterns. John Wiley & Sons Press., UK, 557 p.
Jalali, P., Ali Saadat, Y., Sadeghi, H. 2011. Micro propagation of Lonicera nummularifolia Jaub. & Spach. 19 (1): 84-7.
Jazireii, M.H., Ebrahimi Rastaghi, A.M. 2003. Silviculture of the Zagros forests. Tehran University Press, 558 p.(In Persian).
Kunstler, J., Curt, Th., Lepart, J. 2004. Spatial pattern of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and oak (Quercus pubescens Mill.) seedlings in natural pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) woodlands. Eur. J. Forest Res, 123: 331–337.
Mehdi Karami, Sh., Heidari Chegeni, D., Salehi Chegeni, M., Rajabi, M. 2013. The main factors in the deterioration of the central Zagros forests (Lorestan province) and management practices, National conference of Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resources, 10 p.(In Persian).
Noori, Z. 2011. Multi-purpose sampling method with ecological approach in Fagetum orientalis north of Iran (Case Study: Gorazbon Part, Kheyroud educational forest) Ph.D. thesis, Department of Natural Resources, Tehran University. Karaj.(In Persian).
Pastorella, F., Paletto, A. 2013. Stand structure indices as tools to support forest management: an application in Trentino forests (Italy). Journal of Forest Science, 59(4): 159-168.
Pilehvar, B., Mirazadi, G., Alijani, V., Jafari Sarabi, J. 2014. Application of indices based on the nearest neighbor in the study of species of hawthorn and Acer cineracens in Zagros forests. Journal of Zagros forests (Natural Resources Engineering), pp. 1-14.(In Persian).
Pommerening, A. 2002. Approaches to quantifying forest structures. Forestry. 75(3): 305-324.
Pommerening, A. 2006. Evaluating structural indices by reversing forest structural analysis. Forest Ecology and Management, 224: 266-277.
Ruprecht, H., A. Dhar, B. Aigner, G. Oitzinger, K. Raphael and H. Vacik. 2010. Structural diversity of English yew(Taxus bacata L.) populations. European Journal of Forest Research 129: 189-198.
Schreuder, H.T., Gregoire, T.G. and Wood, G.B. 1993. Sampling Methods for Multiresource Forest Inventory. Wiley, NY, 446 p.
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Alijani V., Sagheb Talebi, Kh., Akhavan, R. 2013. Quantifying structure of intact beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) stands at different development stages (Case study: Kelardasht area, Mazandaran) Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 21 (3): 396-410.(In Persian).
Biao, Z., Wenhau, L., Gaodie, X., Yu, X. 2008 .Water conservation of forest ecosystem in Beijing and its value.Ecological Economics.
Bordbar, K. 2001. Investigating quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Luranthus in Fars province. Research and builders. 12 (42): 75-72.
Erfanifard, S.Y., Zare, L and Feghhi, J. 2013. The use of nearest neighbor indicators in the sprouts of Persian oak (Quercus brantii var. Persica) in Zagros forests. Journal of Applied Ecology, 2 (5) 24-15.
Fangliang H, Pierre L, James VL. 1997. Distribution patterns of trees species in a Malaysian tropical rain forest. Journal of Vegetation Science. 8: 105–114.
Farhadi, P., Sousani, J., Adeli, K, Alijani, V. 2013. Assessment of changes in location and species diversity by the destruction of local communities of Zagros forests (Case study: forests of Ghale-Gol, Khorramabad). Journal of Wood and Forestry Science and Technology, 20 (4) 61-80.(In Persian).
Hamzehpour, M, Bordbar, K. 1999. Investigating some Silviculture characterization of forest species of Lonicera in Sepidan area. Research and builders. 12 (1): 75-72.
Heidari, R.Z. 2008. Distance sampling methods in forest inventory. Razi University, 132 p.(In Persian).
Hosseini, A. 2012. The pattern of distribution of tree species Acer cineracens and Lonicera in relation to topography and form clumps in the forests of Ilam Kazan.Journal of natural ecosystems Iran. 3(2) .(In Persian).
Illian, J., Penttinen, A., Stoyan, H., Stoyan, D. 2008. Statistical Analysis and Modelling of Spatial Point Patterns. John Wiley & Sons Press., UK, 557 p.
Jalali, P., Ali Saadat, Y., Sadeghi, H. 2011. Micro propagation of Lonicera nummularifolia Jaub. & Spach. 19 (1): 84-7.
Jazireii, M.H., Ebrahimi Rastaghi, A.M. 2003. Silviculture of the Zagros forests. Tehran University Press, 558 p.(In Persian).
Kunstler, J., Curt, Th., Lepart, J. 2004. Spatial pattern of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and oak (Quercus pubescens Mill.) seedlings in natural pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) woodlands. Eur. J. Forest Res, 123: 331–337.
Mehdi Karami, Sh., Heidari Chegeni, D., Salehi Chegeni, M., Rajabi, M. 2013. The main factors in the deterioration of the central Zagros forests (Lorestan province) and management practices, National conference of Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resources, 10 p.(In Persian).
Noori, Z. 2011. Multi-purpose sampling method with ecological approach in Fagetum orientalis north of Iran (Case Study: Gorazbon Part, Kheyroud educational forest) Ph.D. thesis, Department of Natural Resources, Tehran University. Karaj.(In Persian).
Pastorella, F., Paletto, A. 2013. Stand structure indices as tools to support forest management: an application in Trentino forests (Italy). Journal of Forest Science, 59(4): 159-168.
Pilehvar, B., Mirazadi, G., Alijani, V., Jafari Sarabi, J. 2014. Application of indices based on the nearest neighbor in the study of species of hawthorn and Acer cineracens in Zagros forests. Journal of Zagros forests (Natural Resources Engineering), pp. 1-14.(In Persian).
Pommerening, A. 2002. Approaches to quantifying forest structures. Forestry. 75(3): 305-324.
Pommerening, A. 2006. Evaluating structural indices by reversing forest structural analysis. Forest Ecology and Management, 224: 266-277.
Ruprecht, H., A. Dhar, B. Aigner, G. Oitzinger, K. Raphael and H. Vacik. 2010. Structural diversity of English yew(Taxus bacata L.) populations. European Journal of Forest Research 129: 189-198.
Schreuder, H.T., Gregoire, T.G. and Wood, G.B. 1993. Sampling Methods for Multiresource Forest Inventory. Wiley, NY, 446 p.
