Subject Areas :
1 - استادیار، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران
2 - استادیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
Keywords:
Abstract :
References
Alavi, S.H., Zand, E., Delkhosh, B., Ghajar, F. and Alipour H. 2014. Study on the effect of different temperatures on the seed germination of rosinweed (Cressa cretica) in the Rafsanjan pistachio orchards. Journal of Pistachio., 1(1): 49-57.
Amritphale D., Iyengar, S. and Sharma, R.K. 1989. Effect of light and storage temperature on seed germination in Hygrophila auriculata (Schumach.) Haines. Journal of Seed Technology 13: 39-43.
Asgarpour, R., Mijani, S. and Ghorbabi, R. 2013. Effect of temperature on germination rate of Russian thistle (Salsola kali L.) based on regression models. Journal of Plant Protection 27(4): 476-483.
Baskin, C.C. and Baskin, J.M. 1998. Seeds, ecology, biogeography, and evolution of dormancy and germination. San Diego, CA: Academic. p. 49.
Batlla, D. and Benech-Arnold, R.L. 2003. A quantitative analysis of dormancy loss dynamics in Polygonum aviculare L. seeds. Development of a thermal time model based on changes in seed population thermal parameters. Seed Science 13: 55–68.
Batlla, D., and Benech-Arnold, R.L. 2005. Changes in the light sensitivity of buried Polygonum aviculare seeds in relation to cold-induced dormancy loss: development of a predictive model. New Phytologist,165: 445–452.
Benech-Arnold, R.L., Sanchez, R.A., Forcella, F., Kruk, B. and Ghersa, C.M. 2000. Environmental control of dormancy in weed seed banks in soil. Field Crops Research, 67: 105–122.
Bewley, J. D. and Black, M. 1994. Seeds: Physiology of development and germination. 2nd ed. New York: Plennum. Pp. 273–290.
Borthwick H.A., Hendricks, S.B., Parker, M.W., Toole, E.H. and Toole, V.K. 1952. A reversible photoreaction controlling seed germination. Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences (USA), 38: 662-666.
Botto J.F., Sanchez, R.A. and Casal, J.J. 1998. Burial conditions affect light responses of Datura ferox seeds. Seed Science Research, 8: 423-429.
Chauhan, B., Gill, S.G. and Preston, C. 2006. Factors affecting seed germination of annual sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus) in southern Australia. Weed Science 54: 854-860.
Cristaudo A., Gresta, F., Lucianai, F. and Restuccia, A. 2007. Effects of after-harvest period and environmental factors on seed dormancy of Amaranthus species. Weed Research 47: 327-334.
Chauhan, B.S. 2012. Weed ecology sterategies for dry-seeded rice in Asia. Weed Technology 26(1): 1-13.
Deihimfard, R., Nazari, S. and Aboutalbian, M.A. 2016. Modelling germination pattern of two pigweed ecotypes in response to temperature. Journal of Plant Protection 30(2): 328-336.
Diyanat, M. and Hoseini, S.M. 2016. Comparison of seed germination and seedling growth of annual (Artemisia annua), biennial (A. biensis willd) and perennial artemisia (A. vulgaris L.) species. Iranian Journal of Seed Science Research, 3: 87-98.
Daws, M.I., Crabtree, L.M., Dalling, J.W., Mullins, C.E. and Burslem, D.R.P. 2008. Germination responses to water potential in neotropical pioneers suggest large-seeded species take more risks. Annals Botany, 102(6): 945–951.
Dorado, J., Sousa, E., Calha, M., Gonzalez-Andujar, I. and Fernandez-Quintanilla, C. 2009. Predicting weed emergence in maize crops under two contrasting climatic conditions. Weed Research 49: 251-260.
Ellis, R.H., Covell, S., Roberts, E.H. and Summerfield, R.J. 1986. The influence of temperature on seed germination rate in grain legumes II. Intraspecific variation in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) at constant temperatures. Journal of Experimental Botany, 37: 1503-1515.
Foley, M.E. 2002. Introduction to the symposium on dormancy in seeds and vegetative propagules. Weed Science, 50: 214-214.
Forcella, F., Benech-Arnold, R.L., Sanchez, R. and Ghersa, C.M. 2000. Modeling seedling emergence. Field Crops Research, 67: 123-139.
Ghanbari, A., Rahimian Mashhadi, H., Nassiri Mahallati, M., Kafi, M. and Rastgoo, M. 2005. Ecophysiological aspects of Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) germination under different temperatures. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Research, 3: 264-275.
Ghersa, C.M., Benech-Arnold, R.L., Sattore, E.H. and Ghersa, M.A. 2000. Advances in weed management strategies. Field Crops Research, 67: 95-104.
Grundy, A.C., Mead, A. and Burstion, S. 2003. Modelling the emergence response of weed seeds to burial depth: interactions with seed density, weight and shape. Journal of Applied Ecology, 40: 757-770.
Guerke, W.R., Gutormson, T., Meyer, D., Mc Donald, M., Mesa, J.C., Robinson, J.C. and Tekrony, D. 2004. Application of hydro time analysis in seed testing. Seed Technology, 26(1): 75-85.
Harrington, T.B. 2009. Seed Germination and Seedling Emergence of Scotch Broom (Cytisus scoparius). Weed Science, 57: 620-626.
Jeffrey, D.W., Timothym, C.M. and John, T.R. 1987. Solution volume and seed number: Often overlooked factors in allelopathic bioassays. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 13: 1424-1426.
Kambizi L., Adebola, P.O. and Afolayan, A.J. 2006. Effects of temperature, pre-chilling and light on seed germination of Withania somnifera; a high value medicinal plant. South African Journal of Botany, 72: 11-14.
Kamkar, B., Jami Al-Ahmadi, M. and Mahdavi-Damghani, A. 2011. Quantification of the cardinal temperatures and thermal time requirement of opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) seeds germinate using non-linear regression models. Indian Crop Protection, 35: 192-198.
Karlsson, L.M. and Milberg, P. 2007. Seed dormancy pattern and germination preferences of the South African annual Papaver aculeatum. African Journal of Botany, 73: 422–428.
Khan A.A. and C.M. Karssen. 1980. Induction of secondary dormancy in Chenopodium bonus-henricus L. seeds by osmotic and high temperature treatments and its prevention by light and growth regulators. Plant Physiology, 66: 175-181.
Leblanc, M.L., Cloutier, D.C.., Stewart, K. and Hamel, C. 2003. The use of thermal time to model common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) seedling emergence in corn. Weed Science, 51: 718–724
Leon, R.G. and Knapp, A.D. 2004. Effect of temperature on the germination of common waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus), giant foxtail (Setaria faberi), and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti). Weed Science, 52: 67-73.
Masin, R., Loddo, D., Benvenuti, S., Clara Zuin, M., Macchia, M. and Zanin, G. 2010. Temperature and water potential as parameters for modeling weed emergence in central-northern Italy. Weed Science, 58: 216-222.
Mayank, S., Malik, J., Norsworthy, K., Riley, M. B. and Bridges, W.J. 2010. Temperature and light requirements for wild Radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) germination over a 12-month period following maturation.Weed Science, 58: 136-140.
Najafi, H. 2014. Non-Chemical Weed Management. Pak pendar Publishing, Tehran. pp: 317.
Noldin, J.A., Chandler, J.M. and McCauley, G.N. 2006. Seed longevity of red rice ecotypes buried in soil. Planta Daninha, 24: 611-620.
Rahimi H. and Yousefi, M. 2011. Effect of temperature and light on seed germination of Hypericum perforatum L. First National Conference on Sustainable Agricultural Sustainability Strategies, 5 p.
Zhou, J., Deckard, E.L. and Ahrens, W.H. 2005. Factors affecting germination of hairy nightshade (Solanum sarrachoides) seeds. Weed Science, 53: 41-45.