Training Transfer at University of Ferdosi in Mashhad: Identifying Factors Related to Trainees Characteristics and Training Process

Subject Areas : Educational Psychology

Hamideh Lotfi ¹ , Mohammad Reza Ahanchian ² , Mortaza Karami ³

1 - دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی‌ارشد، رشته مدیریت آموزشی، دانشکده علوم‌تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
2 - استاد و عضو هیئت علمی، دانشکده علوم‌تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
3 - دانشیار و عضو هیئت، دانشکده علوم‌تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

Received: 2015-05-24 Accepted : 2015-12-29 Published : 2016-11-21

Keywords: characteristics, Human Resource Development, training transfer, learning transfer, Trainee charactoriestics, Training process,

Abstract :

The purpose of the study is to identify factors related to two categories of "trainee's characteristics" and "training process", affecting training transfer in organizations. The data was gathered using qualitative research and case study. The research field was Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2014. The research sample included 34 participants comprising 13 managers, 12 faculty members and 9 employees. The research instrument was a semi-structured interview. The results showed that factors affecting training transfer with regard to trainees characteristics were eight factors of individual capabilities, continuity of knowledge, practical background, functional leverages, job knowledge, behavioral motives, perceived capability and a sense of need, and regarding training process, seven factors of training needs analysis, training materials and resources, the role of the trainee, desired training output and training policy, time of classes, and continuity of learning experiences. Considering these factors could help organizations to achieve the goal of "Training Transfer" or "Transfer of Learned materials into the workplace" that is the perennial concern of managers and main factor to assess the effectiveness of training

References:

منابع                             Refrences                                                                                   

Abbaszadeh, M. (2012). Reflection on the validity and reliability in qualitative research, Journal of Applied sociology, 23, 1-19. [In Persian]

Ackfeldt, Al., & Malhotra, N. (2010). Revisiting the role stress-commitment relationship: Can managerial interventions help? European Journal of Marketing,47 (3, 4), 353-374.

Alan, L. (2011). The myth of the silver bullet and how to improve the effectiveness oftraining. Learning and Development in Australia, 29 (1), Australian institute of training and development.

Avalos, B. (2011). Teacher professional development in teaching and teacher education over ten years. Teaching and Teacher Education, 27 (1), 10-20.

Azman, I, Sahol, H. N., Kueh, H., & Fazilatulaili, A. (2011). An investigational research on the correlation between the manager's role in training programs and training transfer in a local government office in Malaysia. Annales Universitatis Apulensis Series Oeconomica, 13 (2), 561-573.

Baldwin, T. T., Ford, K. J., & Blume, B. D., (2009). Transfer of training 1988–2008: An updated review and agenda for future research. International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 24, 41-70.

Baldwin, T. T., & Ford, K. J., (1988). Transfer of training: A review and directions for future research. Personnel Psychology, 41, 63-104.

Bandura, A., (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control, New York: Freeman.

Bates, R. A., (2011). Research to Practice whitepaper# 1.Adaptive transfer. Learning Transfer Solutions Global.

Bates, R. A., Kauffeld, E. F., & Holton, E. F., (2007). Factor structure and predictive validity of the German version of the Learning Transfer Systems Inventor. Journal of European Industrial Training, 31 (3), 195-211.

Benseman, J. (2010). Transferring literacy skills in the workplace. Reflect,13, 9-11.

Bhatti, M. A., & Kaur, Sh., (2010). the role of individual and training design factors on training transfer. Journal of European IndustrialTraining, 34 (7), 656-672.

Blume, B. D., Ford, K. J., Baldwin, T. T. & Huang, J. L. (2009). Transfer of training: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Management, 2 (1), 1-41.

Brown, T. C. (2005). Effectiveness of distal and proximal goals as transfer of training intervention: A field experiment. Human resource development quarterly, 16 (3), 369-387.

Burke, L. A., & Hutchins, H. M., (2007). Training transfer: An integrative literature review. Human resources development review, 6 (3), 263-296.

Colquitt, J. A., LePine, J. A. & Noe, R. A. (2000). Toward an integrative theory of training moti-vation: A meta-analytic path analysis of 20 years of research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85 (5), 678-707.

Creswell, J., (2012). Explore qualitative and research design: Choosing among five approaches (research narrative, phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, case study). Translated by H. Danayeefard & H. Kazemi. Tehran: Saffar-Eshraghi. [In Persian]

DeRijdt, C., Stes, A., Vleuten, C. V., & Dochy, F., (2013).Influencing variables and moderators of transfer of learning to the workplace within the area of staff development in higher education: Research review. Educational Research Review, 8, 48-74.

Ford, L. (2009). Improving learning transfer. Industrial and Commercial Training,41 (2), 92-96.

Crisp, J. (2002). Exploration of factors affecting transfer of training into the workplace: A case study of selected capacity building training courses in Western Australia. Master thesis, University of Queensland, Brisbane.

Gall, M., Borg, W., & Gall, J., (2012). Qualitative and Quantitative research methods in education and psychology. Second Volume. Translated by AhmadReza Nasr et al. Tehran: Shahid Beheshti University. [In Persian]

Ginns, P., Kitay, J., & Prosser, M. (2010) Transfer of academic staff learning in a research-intensive University. Teaching in Higher Education, 15 (3), 235-246.

Grossman, R., & Salas, E. (2011) the transfer of training: what really matters. International Journal of Training and Development, 15 (2), 103-120.

Hadadnia, C., & Shahidi, N. (2010) Islamic Azad University about the impact of their in-service training on educational quality in universities. Quarterly Journal of Educational Leadership & Administration, 14, 33-54. [In Persian]

Holton, E. F., Bates, R. A. & Ruona, W. E. (2000). Development of a generalized learning transfer system inventory. Human resources development quarterly,11 (4), 333-360.

Jodlbauer, S., Selenko, E., Batinic, B., & Stiglbauer, B. (2011) the relationship between job dissatisfaction and training transfer. International Journal of Training and Development, 16 (1), 39-53.

Judy Qasmkndy, B. (2012) The impact of trainee characteristics, training design and work environment on transfer of learning in industrial organizations (Case Study: Company of Iran Khodro Khorasan), Master thesis in Educational science. Faculty of Education and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. [In Persian]

Lim, D. H., & Morris, M. L. (2006) Influence of trainee characteristics, instructional satisfaction and organizational climate on perceived learning and training transfer. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 17 (1), 85-115.

Lincoln, Y. S. & Guba, E. G. (1985) Naturalistic enquiry. Beverley Hills, CA: Sage.

Merriam, Sh. B., & Leahy, B. (2005) learning transfer: A review of the research in adult education and training. PAACA Journal of Lifelong Learning, 14, 1-24.

Najafi, A & Talebi, H. (2012) Design of educational courses effectiveness model: with emphasis on transfer of learning (behavior). Tadbir, 239, 52-58. [In Persian]

Neisser, U., Boodoo, G., Bouchard, T. J., Boykin, W., Brody, N., & et al. (1996). Intelligence: Knowns and unknowns. American Psychologist, 51, 77-101.

Nizam Mohd Yusof, A. (2012) the relationship training transfer between training characteristic, training design and work environment. Human Resource Management Research, 2 (2), 1-8.

Pidd, K. (2002) Organisational barriersto training transfer: the role of workplace social controls and normative behaviour in workforce development. Adelaide: National centre for education and training on addiction.

PourReza, R. (2011) An overview on the challenges of participative management with an emphasis on Suggestion System in educational organizations of Iran, Quarterly Journal Education, 106, 131-160. [In Persian]

Rao, T. V. (1995). Human Resources Development, Experiences, Interventions, Strategies. Islamabad: National Book Foundation.

Reynolds, M., & Pathan, R. (1984). How personality and organizational-climate variables moderate the effectiveness of management development programmes: A review and some recent research findings. Management and Labour Studies, 9, 1-16.

Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A., (2009) Organizational Behavior Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.

Salas, E., Wilson, K., Priest, H., & Guthrie, J., (2006) Design, delivery, and evaluation of training systems, in G. Salvendy (ed.), Handbook of human factors and ergonomics, 3rd edn (Hoboken NJ: John Wiley & Sons), 472–512.

Subedi, B. Sh., (2004) Emerging trends of research on transfer of learning. International Education Journal, 50 (4), 591-599.

Tannenbaum, S. I., & Yukl, G., (1992) Training and development in work organizations. Annual Review of Psychology, 43, 399-441.

Tariq Khan, M., Ahmed Khan, N., & Mahmood, Kh., (2012) An organizational concept of human recourses development: How human recourses management scholars view 'HRD' (Literature review). Universal Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 2 (5), 36-47.

Tate, W., (2004) Applying learning in practice.Industrial and Commercial Training, 36 (2), 57-60.

Velada, R., Caetano, A., Michel, J. W., Lyons, B. D., & Kavanagh, M. J., (2007) The effects of training design, individual characteristics and work environment of transfer of training. International Journal of Training and Development, 11 (4), 282-294.

Waller, L. (2012). enhancing the transfer of learning: A focus on the individual. 360The Ashridge Jornal, spring, 34-41.

Yamnill, S., & McLean, G. N., (2005) Factors affecting transfer of training in Thailand. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 16 (3), 323-344.

Yelon, S. L., Sheppard, L. M., Sleight, D., & Ford, K. J., (2004) Intentions to transfer: How do autonomous professionals become motivated to use new ideas? Performance Improvement Quarterly, 17, 82-103.

Yelon, S. L., Ford, K. J., & Anderson, W. A., (2014) twelve tips for increasing transfer of training from faculty development programs. Medical Teacher, 36, 945–950.

Yen, R. K., (2002) case study, Translated by A. Parsaeian &
M. Arabi. Tehran: Cultural Research Bureau. [In Persian]