Protective effects ofginger (Zingiberofficinale) rhizomeextractonheat-induced testiculardamagein the mouse

Subject Areas : Veterinary Clinical Pathology

bahram  amuoghlitabrizi ¹ (دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تبریز، دانشکده دامپزشکی، استادیار گروه علوم درمانگاهی، تبریز، ایران)
mansour  khakpour ² (دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تبریز، دانشکده دامپزشکی، استادیار گروه پاتوبیولوژی، تبریز، ایران)

Received: 2013-10-06 Accepted : 2014-03-03 Published : 2013-11-22

Keywords: heating, Mice, Testis, : Ginger extract,

Abstract :

Infertility is a complicated problem with medical significance. Gingeras amedicinalherb is used to treata number of diseasessuch assexualweakness. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ginger rhizome extract on heat-induced testicular damage in the mouse. Fourtymale mice were randomly divided into 4 equal groups including: 1- Control, 2- heat stressed, 3 and 4- stressed and treated with ginger extract (1/5 and 3 mg/animal/day). The scrotum of experimental mice was immersed for 20 min in a water bath at 42°C. Control mice were similarly treated except that the water bath was maintained at 23°C. Mice were euthanized after 50 days. Blood samples were collected for analysis of testosterone levels. Testes were removed for histopathological assessment and oxidant/antioxidant status. Heat stress significantly reduced blood testosterone level and increased lipid peroxidation product and decreased antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase (p<0.01). Ginger extract significantly increased blood testosterone level and decreased testis malondialdehyde level and increased antioxidant enzymes activities (p<0.05). Histopathological observations showed progressive degeneration after heating. In the mice treated with ginger extract, testes had normal spermatogenesis and structure.The results indicated that ginger extractimproves spermatogenesis and oxidative damage of testis induced by heat stress in the mouse.

References:

• Abshenas, J., Babaei, H., Zare, M.H., Allahbakhshi, A. and Sharififar F. (2011). The effects of green tea (Camellia sinensis) extract on mouse semen quality after scrotal heat stress. Veterinary Research Forum, 2(4): 242-247.


• Aebi, H. (1984). Catalase in vitro. Methods in Enzymology, 105: 121-126.


• Allan, D.J., Harmon, B.V. and Kerr, J.F.R. (1987). Cell death in spermatogenesis. In: Perspectives on mammalian cell death. Potten, C.S. editor.  UK: Oxford University Press, pp: 229-258.


• Altman, R.D. and Marcussen, K.C. (2001). Effects of a ginger extract on knee pain in patients with osteoarthritis. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 44(11): 2531-2538.


• Babaei, H., Derakhshanfar, A., Kheradmand, A. and Bazy, J. (2007). Zinc modulates heat-induced degenerative effects inmice testes. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research, 8(4):298-303.


• Beyer, W.E. and Fridovich, I. (1987). Assaying for superoxide dismutase activity: some large consequences of minor changes in conditions. Analytical Biochemistry, 161(2): 559-566.


• Boran, C. and Ozkan, K.U. (2004). The effect of zinc therapy on damaged testis in prepubertal rats. Pediatric Surgery International, 20(6): 444-448.


• Buege, J.A. and Aust, S.D. (2000). Microsomal lipid peroxidation. Methods in Enzymology, 1984; 105: 302-310.


• Burns, M.M. (2000). Alternative medicine: Herbal preparation. Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine, 1(2): 186-190.


• Chandra, A. and Stephen, E.H. (1998). Impaired fecundity in the United States: 1982-1995. Family Planning Perspectives, 30(1): 34-42.


• D'Cruz, S.C., Vaithinathan, S., Jubendradass, R. and Mathur, P.P. (2010). Effects of plants and plant products on the testis.Asian Journal of Andrology, 12(4): 468-479.


• de Lamirande, E., Jiang, H., Zini, A., Kodama, H. and Gagnon, C. (1997). Reactive oxygen species and sperm physiology. Reviews of Reproduction, 2(1): 48-54.


• de Rooij, D.G. and Russell, L.D. (2000). All you wanted to know about spermatogonia but were afraid to ask. Journal of Andrology, 21(6): 776-798.


• Flohe, L. and Gunzler, W.A. (1984). Assays of glutathione peroxidase. Methods in Enzymology, 105: 114-121.


• Ikeda, M., Kodama, H., Fukuda, J., Shimizu, Y., Murata, M., Kumagai, J., et al. (1999). Role of radical oxygen species in rat testicular germ cell apoptosis induced by heat stress. Biology of Reproduction, 61(2): 393-399.


• Ishii, T., Matsuki, S., Iuchi, Y., Okada, F., Toyosaki, S., Tomita, Y., et al. (2005). Accelerated impairment of spermatogenic cells in SOD1-knockout mice under heat stress. Free Radical Research, 39(7): 697-705.


• Kavoli Haghighi, M. and Tooliat, T. (2002). Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe). Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 1(1): 19-28.


• Khaki, A., Fathiazad, F., Nouri, M., Khaki, A.A., Ozanci, C.C., Ghafari-Novin, M., et al. (2009). The effects of Ginger on spermatogenesis and spermparameters of rat. Iranian Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 7(1): 7-12.


• Khan, V.R. and Brown, I.R. (2002). The effect of hyperthermia on the induction of cell death in brain, testis, and thymus of the adult and developing rat. Cell Stress Chaperon, 7(1): 73-90.


• Kim, Y.H., Kim, G.H., Shin, J.H., Kim, K.S. and Lim, J.S. (2010). Effect of Korea Red Ginseng on Testicular Tissue Injury after Testicular Torsion and Detorsion. Korean Journal of Urology, 51(11): 794-799.


• Lue, Y., Sinha Hikim, A.P., Wang, C., Im, M., Leung, A. and Swerdloff, R.S. (2000). Testicular heat exposure enhances the suppression of spermatogenesis by testosterone in rats: the “two-hit” approach to male contraceptive development. Endocrinology, 141(4): 414-424.


• Meistrich, M., Eng, V. and Loir, M. (1973). Temperature effects on the kinetics of spermatogenesis in the mouse. Cell Proliferation, 6(4): 379-393.


• Setchell, B.P., Ploen, L. and Ritzen, E. (2001). Reduction of long term effects of local heating of the testis by treatment of Rats with a GnRH agonist and an antiandrogen. Reproduction, 122: 255-263.


• Setchell, B.P. (2006). The effects of heat on the testes of mammals.  Animal Reproduction Science, 3(2): 81-91.


• Setchell, B.P. (1998). The parkes lecture: heat and the testis. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, 114(2): 179-194.


• Sonmez, M., Turk, G. and Yuce, A. (2005). The effect of ascorbic acid supplementation on sperm quality, lipid peroxidation and testosterone levels of male Wistar rats. Theriogenology,63(7): 2063-2072.


• Verma, R.J. and Asnani, V. (2007). Ginger extract ameliorates Paraben induced biochemical changes in liver and kidney of mice. Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica-Drug Research, 64(3): 217-220.


• WHO Protocol CG-06. (1983). APJF/IP 1001A, World Health Organisation: Geneva.


• World Health Organization. (2000). WHO Manual for the Standardized Investigation and Diagnosis of the Infertile Couple. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.


• World Health Organization. (2002). Traditional Medicine Strategy 2002-2005. Geneva. 

---