Comparing the effectiveness of teaching skills based on attachment model and teaching skills based on imago therapy on hostile documents of women seeking divorce
Subject Areas : Woman and family
Zahra Khansari
1
(
Ph.D. Student of Psychology, Department of Psychology, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
)
Hassan Toozandehjani
2
(
Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran. h.toozandehjani@ymail.com
)
Ahmad Zendehdel
3
(
Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
)
Keywords: divorce, teaching skills based on attachment model, teaching skills based on imago therapy, hostile documents,
Abstract :
Purpose: Family is the most important institution of society and shaper of human talents and personality. In the family system, factors such as desirability, satisfaction, quality and optimal functioning of the family are very effective factors that cause prosperity, growth and development of family members. Method: The present research was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design having a control group and a one-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the present study included all women applying for divorce who had referred to psychological clinics (under the welfare organization) in Sabzevar to use psychological services between November 2021 and February 2022. The sample of this research included 45 women who applied for divorce and were selected as available. Then, from among the research sample, 15 people were randomly assigned to the control group and 30 people to the experimental groups (training of skills based on attachment model and training of skills based on imago therapy). Data were collected using the Hostile Document Scale (HDS) (Arnetz et al., 2003). The intervention of teaching skills based on attachment model and teaching skills based on imago therapy were carried out during 8 sessions of 90 minutes once a week; But the control group did not receive any intervention. The research data were analyzed by mixed variance analysis (with repeated measurements). Findings: The findings showed that teaching skills based on attachment model and teaching skills based on imago therapy are effective in reducing hostile documents in women applying for divorce (P<0.05); So that 85.5% of the simultaneous changes of the dependent variables are related to the skills training group based on the attachment model. Also, the square of the parametric eta is 87.1% of the simultaneous changes of variables related to imago therapy. Also, the findings showed that there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of teaching skills based on attachment model and teaching skills based on imago therapy (P<0.05). Keywords: teaching skills based on attachment model, teaching skills based on imago therapy, hostile documents, divorce
حسینی، م؛ هاشمی، ت؛ خانجانی، ز؛ ماشینچی، ع. (1398). نعیمه سوگیری اسناد خصمانه و پرخاشگری: نقش میانجی بلوغ اجتماعی. انجمن علمی روانشناسی ایران، 12(1)، 595-600. https://www.sid.ir/paper/896795/fa
امینی خوئی، ن؛ شفیع آبادی، ع؛ دلاورف ع؛ نورانی پور، ر.ا. (1393). مقایسه اثربخشی دو رویکرد آموزش مهارت های زندگی و ایماگو تراپی در بهبود الگوهای ارتباطی زوجین جوان شهر بوشهر. پژوهش های مشاوره، 13(50)، 77- 56. http://ensani.ir/fa/article/423414
Avci, R., Adiguzel, A., Zeybek, S. U., & Çolakkadıoğlu, O. (2021). The role of post-divorce parental conflict in predicting aggression, anger, and symptoms of anxiety and depression among university students. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 62(3), 199-215. https://doi.org/10.1080/10502556.2021.1871830
Brennan, N. M., Daly, C. A., & Harrington, C. S. (2010). Rhetoric, argument and impression management in hostile takeover defence documents. The British Accounting Review, 42(4), 253-268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2010.07.008
Buck, B., Browne, J., Gagen, E. C., & Penn, D. L. (2020). Hostile attribution bias in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders: Narrative review of the literature and persisting questions. Journal of Mental Health, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2020.1739240
Critchfield, K. L., Thapa, P., Panizo, M. T., & Conceição, N. (2022). Using interpersonal reconstructive therapy to address comorbid problems organized by attachment‐based learning: The case of Don. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(3), 396-408. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.23292
Diamond, G., Diamond, G. M., & Levy, S. (2021). Attachment-based family therapy: Theory, clinical model, outcomes, and process research. Journal of affective disorders, 294, 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.07.005
Dyduch-Hazar, K., Mrozinski, B., & Golec de Zavala, A. (2019). Collective narcissism and in-group satisfaction predict opposite attitudes toward refugees via attribution of hostility. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1901. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01901
Ganz, M. B., Rasmussen, H. F., McDougall, T. V., Corner, G. W., Black, T. T., & De Los Santos, H. F. (2022). Emotionally focused couple therapy within VA healthcare: Reductions in relationship distress, PTSD, and depressive symptoms as a function of attachment-based couple treatment. Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice, 11(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.1037/cfp0000210
Gehlert, N. C., Schmidt, C. D., Giegerich, V., & Luquet, W. (2017). Randomized controlled trial of imago relationship therapy: Exploring statistical and clinical significance. Journal of Couple & Relationship Therapy, 16(3), 188-209. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332691.2016.1253518
Guerrero, L. K. (2021). Attachment theory: A communication perspective (pp. 299-313). Routledge. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edi
Harris, S. M., Crabtree, S. A., Bell, N. K., Allen, S. M., & Roberts, K. M. (2017). Seeking clarity and confidence in the divorce decision-making process. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 58(2), 83-95. https://doi.org/10.1080/10502556.2016.1268015
Holliman, R., Muro, L., & Luquet, W. (2016). Common factors between couples therapists and imago relationship therapy: A survey of shared beliefs, values, and intervention strategies. The Family Journal, 24(3), 230-238. https://doi.org/10.1177/1066480716648693
Huang, C.Y., Sirikantraporn, S., abaock, N., & Cobb, J.M.T. (2020). Parental Attachment, Adult-Child Romantic Attachment, and Marital Satisfaction: An Examination of Cultural Context in Taiwanese and Thai Heterosexual Couples. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030692
Jabali, S. M., & AL-Massarweh, S. S. (2022). Divorce and Its Psychological and Social Effects on the Children of Divorced People from Their Viewpoint in the Jordanian Society. Modern Applied Science, 16(2). : https://doi.org/10.5539/mas.v16n2p1
Knapp, J. M. (2022). Doing imago relationship therapy in the space-between. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 48(2), 669-670. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmft.12527
Kramer, C. (2018). Imago Therapy in Action: Moving From Rupture to Repair. group, 42(2), 167-171.
Luquet, W., & Muro, L. (2018). Imago relationship therapy alignment with marriage and family common factors. The Family Journal, 26(4), 405-410. https://doi.org/10.1177/1066480718803342
Nisanci, Z., & Nisanci, A. (2022). Between-Reporter Agreement Among Couples: Exploring Nonlinear Patterns in Marital Conflict. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 08862605221118963. https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605221118963
Noy-Sharav, D. (2021). Corrective Emotional Experience in Couple Therapy: An Integration between Imago Approach and Psychoanalytic Concepts in Light of Neuropsychological Studies. Journal of Couple & Relationship Therapy, 20(4), 319-339. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332691.2020.1860178
Øverup, C. S., Cipric, A., Strizzi, J. M., Sander, S., & Hald, G. M. (2022). Temporal Associations Between Depression and Hostility in the Context of a Divorce Intervention. Psychological Reports, 00332941211070212. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/08862605221118963
Penwarden, S. (2021). A person as becoming over time: contrasting the theological view of a person as imago Dei with the narrative therapy notion of telos. Practical Theology, 14(3), 186-198. https://doi.org/10.1080/1756073X.2020.1792676
Quan, F., Yang, R., Zhu, W., Wang, Y., Gong, X., Chen, Y., ... & Xia, L. X. (2019). The relationship between hostile attribution bias and aggression and the mediating effect of anger rumination. Personality and Individual Differences, 139, 228-234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.11.029
Radetzki, P. A., Deleurme, K. A., & Rogers, S. M. (2021). The implications of high-conflict divorce on adult–children: Five factors related to well-being. Journal of Family Studies, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/13229400.2020.1754277
Salanova, M., & Nebot-Gresa, L. (2021). Positive effects and validation of a Brief Intervention Program of Attachment-Based Compassion Therapy. Terapia Psicológica, 39(3), 428. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-48082021000300427
Tsvieli, N., Lifshitz, C., & Diamond, G. M. (2022). Corrective attachment episodes in attachment-based family therapy: The power of enactment. Psychotherapy Research, 32(2), 209-222. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2021.1913295
Van der Watt, A. S., Roos, A., Du Plessis, S., Bui, E., Lesch, E., & Seedat, S. (2022). An Attachment Theory Approach to Reframing Romantic Relationship Breakups in University Students: A Narrative Review of Attachment, Neural Circuitry, and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms. Journal of Couple & Relationship Therapy, 21(2), 129-150. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332691.2021.1908197
van Dijk, R., van der Valk, I. E., Vossen, H. G., Branje, S., & Deković, M. (2021). Problematic Internet use in Adolescents from divorced families: The role of family factors and adolescents’ self-esteem. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(7), 3385. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073385
Velotti, P., Rogier, G., Mommo, G., Bizzi, F., & Cavanna, D. (2022). An Exploration of Home Attachment Representations using an Adaptation of Adult Attachment Interview: Preliminary Data on the Home Attachment Interview. Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 10(1). https://cab.unime.it/journals/index.php/MJCP/article
Windle, M., & Windle, R. C. (2018). Parental divorce and family history of alcohol disorder: Associations with young adults’ alcohol problems, marijuana use, and interpersonal relations. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 42(6), 1084-1095. https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.13638
Zajenkowska, A., Prusik, M., Jasielska, D., & Szulawski, M. (2021). Hostile attribution bias among offenders and non‐offenders: Making social information processing more adequate. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 31(2), 241-256. https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.2493
_||_
Amini Khoi, N; Shafiabadi, A.; Delavarov A; Nooranipour, R.A. (2013). Comparing the effectiveness of two life skills training approaches and imago therapy in improving the communication patterns of young couples in Bushehr city. Counseling Research, 13(50), 56-77. http://ensani.ir/fa/article/423414
Avci, R., Adiguzel, A., Zeybek, S. U., & Çolakkadıoğlu, O. (2021). The role of post-divorce parental conflict in predicting aggression, anger, and symptoms of anxiety and depression among university students. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 62(3), 199-215. https://doi.org/10.1080/10502556.2021.1871830
Brennan, N. M., Daly, C. A., & Harrington, C. S. (2010). Rhetoric, argument and impression management in hostile takeover defence documents. The British Accounting Review, 42(4), 253-268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2010.07.008
Buck, B., Browne, J., Gagen, E. C., & Penn, D. L. (2020). Hostile attribution bias in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders: Narrative review of the literature and persisting questions. Journal of Mental Health, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2020.1739240
Critchfield, K. L., Thapa, P., Panizo, M. T., & Conceição, N. (2022). Using interpersonal reconstructive therapy to address comorbid problems organized by attachment‐based learning: The case of Don. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(3), 396-408. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.23292
Diamond, G., Diamond, G. M., & Levy, S. (2021). Attachment-based family therapy: Theory, clinical model, outcomes, and process research. Journal of affective disorders, 294, 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.07.005
Dyduch-Hazar, K., Mrozinski, B., & Golec de Zavala, A. (2019). Collective narcissism and in-group satisfaction predict opposite attitudes toward refugees via attribution of hostility. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1901. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01901
Ganz, M. B., Rasmussen, H. F., McDougall, T. V., Corner, G. W., Black, T. T., & De Los Santos, H. F. (2022). Emotionally focused couple therapy within VA healthcare: Reductions in relationship distress, PTSD, and depressive symptoms as a function of attachment-based couple treatment. Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice, 11(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.1037/cfp0000210
Gehlert, N. C., Schmidt, C. D., Giegerich, V., & Luquet, W. (2017). Randomized controlled trial of imago relationship therapy: Exploring statistical and clinical significance. Journal of Couple & Relationship Therapy, 16(3), 188-209. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332691.2016.1253518
Guerrero, L. K. (2021). Attachment theory: A communication perspective (pp. 299-313). Routledge. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edi
Harris, S. M., Crabtree, S. A., Bell, N. K., Allen, S. M., & Roberts, K. M. (2017). Seeking clarity and confidence in the divorce decision-making process. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 58(2), 83-95. https://doi.org/10.1080/10502556.2016.1268015
Holliman, R., Muro, L., & Luquet, W. (2016). Common factors between couples therapists and imago relationship therapy: A survey of shared beliefs, values, and intervention strategies. The Family Journal, 24(3), 230-238. https://doi.org/10.1177/1066480716648693
Hosseini, M.; Hashemi, T; Khanjani, Z; Mashinchi, A. (2018). Naima Bias attributions of hostility and aggression: The mediating role of social maturity. Iranian Psychological Scientific Association, 12(1), 595-600. https://www.sid.ir/paper/896795/fa.
Huang, C.Y., Sirikantraporn, S., abaock, N., & Cobb, J.M.T. (2020). Parental Attachment, Adult-Child Romantic Attachment, and Marital Satisfaction: An Examination of Cultural Context in Taiwanese and Thai Heterosexual Couples. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030692
Jabali, S. M., & AL-Massarweh, S. S. (2022). Divorce and Its Psychological and Social Effects on the Children of Divorced People from Their Viewpoint in the Jordanian Society. Modern Applied Science, 16(2). : https://doi.org/10.5539/mas.v16n2p1
Knapp, J. M. (2022). Doing imago relationship therapy in the space-between. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 48(2), 669-670. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmft.12527
Khorshidi Paji, R. (2015). The effectiveness of couple therapy based on attachment style on the dimensions of intimacy and marital satisfaction in married couples of Ramsar city. Master's thesis. Department of Psychology. Payam Noor University, Center of South Tehran. www.irandoc.ir
Kramer, C. (2018). Imago Therapy in Action: Moving From Rupture to Repair. group, 42(2), 167-171.
Sohri Paji, R. (2015). The effectiveness of couple therapy based on attachment style on the dimensions of intimacy and marital satisfaction in married couples of Ramsar city. Master's thesis. Department of Psychology. Payam Noor University, Center of South Tehran
Luquet, W., & Muro, L. (2018). Imago relationship therapy alignment with marriage and family common factors. The Family Journal, 26(4), 405-410. https://doi.org/10.1177/1066480718803342
Nisanci, Z., & Nisanci, A. (2022). Between-Reporter Agreement Among Couples: Exploring Nonlinear Patterns in Marital Conflict. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 08862605221118963. https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605221118963
Noy-Sharav, D. (2021). Corrective Emotional Experience in Couple Therapy: An Integration between Imago Approach and Psychoanalytic Concepts in Light of Neuropsychological Studies. Journal of Couple & Relationship Therapy, 20(4), 319-339. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332691.2020.1860178
Øverup, C. S., Cipric, A., Strizzi, J. M., Sander, S., & Hald, G. M. (2022). Temporal Associations Between Depression and Hostility in the Context of a Divorce Intervention. Psychological Reports, 00332941211070212. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/08862605221118963
Penwarden, S. (2021). A person as becoming over time: contrasting the theological view of a person as imago Dei with the narrative therapy notion of telos. Practical Theology, 14(3), 186-198. https://doi.org/10.1080/1756073X.2020.1792676
Quan, F., Yang, R., Zhu, W., Wang, Y., Gong, X., Chen, Y., ... & Xia, L. X. (2019). The relationship between hostile attribution bias and aggression and the mediating effect of anger rumination. Personality and Individual Differences, 139, 228-234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.11.029
Radetzki, P. A., Deleurme, K. A., & Rogers, S. M. (2021). The implications of high-conflict divorce on adult–children: Five factors related to well-being. Journal of Family Studies, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/13229400.2020.1754277
Salanova, M., & Nebot-Gresa, L. (2021). Positive effects and validation of a Brief Intervention Program of Attachment-Based Compassion Therapy. Terapia Psicológica, 39(3), 428. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-48082021000300427
Tsvieli, N., Lifshitz, C., & Diamond, G. M. (2022). Corrective attachment episodes in attachment-based family therapy: The power of enactment. Psychotherapy Research, 32(2), 209-222. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2021.1913295
Van der Watt, A. S., Roos, A., Du Plessis, S., Bui, E., Lesch, E., & Seedat, S. (2022). An Attachment Theory Approach to Reframing Romantic Relationship Breakups in University Students: A Narrative Review of Attachment, Neural Circuitry, and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms. Journal of Couple & Relationship Therapy, 21(2), 129-150. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332691.2021.1908197
van Dijk, R., van der Valk, I. E., Vossen, H. G., Branje, S., & Deković, M. (2021). Problematic Internet use in Adolescents from divorced families: The role of family factors and adolescents’ self-esteem. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(7), 3385. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073385
Velotti, P., Rogier, G., Mommo, G., Bizzi, F., & Cavanna, D. (2022). An Exploration of Home Attachment Representations using an Adaptation of Adult Attachment Interview: Preliminary Data on the Home Attachment Interview. Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 10(1). https://cab.unime.it/journals/index.php/MJCP/article
Windle, M., & Windle, R. C. (2018). Parental divorce and family history of alcohol disorder: Associations with young adults’ alcohol problems, marijuana use, and interpersonal relations. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 42(6), 1084-1095. https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.13638
Zajenkowska, A., Prusik, M., Jasielska, D., & Szulawski, M. (2021). Hostile attribution bias among offenders and non‐offenders: Making social information processing more adequate. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 31(2), 241-256. https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.2493
