Acquisition of English anaphora by Iranian EFL learners

Subject Areas : Journal of Teaching English Language Studies

Manizhe Rahamny ¹

1 - Takestan Islamic Azad University

Received: 2013-10-09 Accepted : 2013-11-09 Published : 2013-11-01

Keywords:

References:

Acquaviva, P. (2002). The morphological dimension of polarity licensing. Journal of linguistic, 40 (2), 925-959. 

Anderson, R. W. (1995). The acquisition of verb morphology. Journal of     Linguistica, 1 (1), 90-142.

Bates, E., Dale, P.S. & Thal, D. (1995). Individual Differences and their Implications.In P. Fletcher and B. MacWhinney. (eds.), The Handbook of Child Language. Blackwell, Oxford.

Benedict, H. (1979). Early Lexical Development: Comprehension and   Production. Journal of Child Language, 6 (1), 183-200.

Bergmann, C., Fikkert, P. & Paulus, M. (2011). Pre-schooler’s comprehension of pronouns and reflexives: The impact of the task. Journal of Children Language, 2 (1), 1-27.

Borer, H. & Wexler, K. (1987). The maturation of syntax. In T. Roeper & E. Williams (eds.), Parameter Setting. Dordrecht: Reidel.

Brown, H. D. (1987). Principles of language learning and teaching (2nd. Ed.). New Jersey: prentice - Hall Inc.

Cinque, G. (1999).  Adverbs and functional heads: A cross-linguistic perspective. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Chien, Y. C. & Wexler, K. (1990). Children’s knowledge of locality conditions on binding as evidence for the modularity of syntax and pragmatics. Journal of Language Acquisition, 13 (4), 225-295.

Chomsky, N. (1981). Lectures on Government and Binding. Dordrecht: Foris. Clackson, K.

Chomsky, N. (1986). Knowledge of language: Its nature, origin and use. New York Publication: Praeger, New York.

Chomsky, N. (1988). Some concepts and consequences of the theory of government and binding. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.

Clahsen, H. & Felser, C. (2011). Children’s processing of pronouns and reflexives in English: Evidence from Eye-movement During Listening. Journal of Memory and Language, 65 (2), 128-144.

Clark, E.V. (1993). The Lexicon in Acquisition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Cook, V. (1991). Second language learning and language teaching. New York: Routledge, Chapman and Hall, Inc.

Dillon, B. (2012). Ungrammatical interpretations of reflexive anaphors: Online or offline interference? Syntactic processing; Reflexive anaphors; Retrieval interference; Eye-tracking; Self-paced reading: English.

Felser, F. & Cunnings, N. (2012). The optimization of discourse anaphora. Journal of Linguistics and Philosophy, 27 (3), 3-56.

Fiengo, R. & May, R. (1994). Indices and identity. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press.

Fisher, S. (2004). Optimal binding.  Journal of Natural Language & Linguistic Theory, 22 (2), 481-526.

Foraker, M. & McElree, O. (2007).  What can production reveal about PrincipleB?In K. U. Deen, J. Nomura, B. Schulz & B. D. Schwartz (Eds.), The Proceedings of the Inaugural Conference on Generative Approaches to Language Acquisition–North America (GALANA). University of Connecticut Occasional Papers in Linguistics.

Fraser, C., Bellugi, U. & Brown, R. (1963). Control of grammar in imitation, production, and comprehension. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior. 2 (1), 121-135.

Frazier, L. & Clifton, C. (2000). On bound variables interpretations: The LF-only  hypothesis. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 29 (2), 125-139.

Goldin-Meadow, S., Seligman, M. E. P. & Gelman, R. (1976). Language in the Two Year Old. Journal of Cognition, 4 (3), 189-202.

Grady, O. W. (2013). processing subject pronouns in relation to non-canonical (quirky) constructions. Journal of Linguistics, 34 (2), 47-61.

Grimshaw, J. & Rosen, S.T. (1990). Knowledge and obedience: The developmental status of the binding theory.  Journal of Linguistic Inquiry, 21 (4), 187-222.

Grodzinsky, Y. & Reinhart, T. (1993). The innateness of binding and the development of co-reference. Journal of Linguistic Inquiry, 24 (4), 69-101.

Guasti, M. (2002). Language acquisition: The Growth of Grammar. MIT Press.

Halliday, N. & Hasan, R. (1976). Age differences in adults’ use of referring expressions. Journal of Logic, Language and Information, 17 (4), 443-466.

Haznedar, B. (1997). L2 acquisition by a Turkish-speaking child: evidence of L1 influence. In E. Hughes, M. Hughes & A. Greenhill (Eds.), Proceedings of the 21st Boston University Conference on Language Development. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.

Hendriks, P. & Spenader, J. (2005). When production precedes comprehension: An optimization approach to the acquisition of pronouns. Draft, September 14, 2005.

Hendriks, P. & Koster, C. (2010). Production/comprehension asymmetries in language acquisition. Journal of Lingua, 120 (8), 1887–1897.

Hendriks, P. & J. Spenader (2005/2006). When production precedes comprehension: An optimization approach to the acquisition of pronouns. Journal of Language Acquisition, 13 (4), 319-348.

Hendriks, P. Smits, E. J., Spenader, J. (2005). A study on the comprehension and production of pronouns and reflexives in Dutch children. Lisborn workshop on production versus comprehension in the acquisition of syntax.

Hendriks, P., Siekman, I., Smits, E. J., & Spenader, J. (2007). Pronouns in competition:  Predicting acquisition delays cross-linguistically. Journal of Linguistics, 48 (3), 75–101.

Jakobovits, L. A. & Gordon, B. (1974). The context of foreign language teaching. USA: Newbury House Publishers, Inc.

Jakubowicz, C. (1984).  On Markedness and Binding Principles. Proceedings of the North Eastern. Journal of Linguistics Society. 14 (3), 154-182.

Kaufman, D. (1992). Grammatical or Pragmatic: Will the Real Principle B Please Stand? In B. Lust, J. Kornfilt, G. Hermon, C. Foley, Z. Nuñez del Prado, S.

Koster, J. & C. Koster (1986). The Acquisition of Bound and Free Anaphora. Paper presented at the 11th Annual Boston University Conference on Language Development, Boston, MA.

Krashen, M. (1988). Principles and practice in second language acquisition. Oxford: Pergamon.

Lai, I. J. S. (1998). The grammar and acquisition of Secwepemctsin independent pronouns. MAthesis. University of British Columbia.

Layton, T.L. & Stick, S. L. (1979). Comprehension and production of comparatives and superlatives. Journal of Child Language, 6 (3), 511-527.

Li, X. & Zhou, X. (2010). Who is ziji? ERP responses to the Chinese reflexives and pronouns during sentence comprehension. Journal of Brain Research, 13 (31), 96-104.

Marinis, T. & Chondrogianni, V. (2010). Comprehension of reflexives and pronouns in sequential to L1 children, L2 adults, or children with specific language impairment. Journal of Nero linguistics, 24 (2), 202-212.

Mc Daniel, D., Smith Cairns, H. & Hsu, N. J. R. (1990). Binding principles in the grammar of young children. Journal of Language Acquisition, 1 (3), 121-139.

Mc Kee, C. (1992). A Comparison of pronouns and anaphors in italian and english acquisition.  Journal of Language Acquisition, 2 (4), 21-54.

Mc Daniel, D. & Maxfield, T.L. (1992). Principle B and Contrastive Stress. Journal of Language Acquisition, 2 (3), 337-358.

Mirhassani, S. A. (2001). The teacher or the textbook.  Roshd FLT Journal, 82 (21), 2-3.

Prince, A. & Smolensky, P. (2004). Optimality theory: Constraint interaction in generative grammar. Blackwell.