Comparison the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment focused therapy and compassion focused therapy on loneliness

Subject Areas : social psychology

Amirpasha  Kazemi ¹ (PhD Student of Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, Kish International Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kish Island, Iran)
Hasan  Ahadi ² (Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Science and Psychology, Allameh Tabatabaei University, Tehran, Iran)
Hamid  Nejat ³ (Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Center Ghochan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ghochan, Iran)

Received: 2019-08-24 Accepted : 2020-01-17 Published : 2020-07-22

Keywords: compassion focused therapy# acceptance and commitment focused therapy# loneliness,

Abstract :

This research aimed to comparison the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment focused therapy and compassion focused therapy on loneliness. Present study was a semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test and follow-up design with control group. The research population was type II diabetes patients referred to central clinic of Ajudaniye of Tehran city in 2018 year. The research sample was 45 people who were selected by available sampling method and randomly divided in three 15 people groups. One of the experimental group trained eight sessions of 90 minutes with the methods of compassion focused therapy and acceptance and commitment focused therapy and the control group was placed on the waiting list for training. The research tool was the version-3 of Russell’s questionnaires of loneliness. Data were analyzed in SPSS-21 software and by repeated measures method. The results showed that both methods of compassion focused therapy and acceptance and commitment focused therapy in the post-test led to decrease loneliness in type II diabetes patients and treatment results were maintained in the follow-up (P0/05). According to the results, it is recommended that therapists and clinical psychologists used from mentioned methods to decrease the loneliness.

References:

 

ایمان‌زاده، علی و علیپور، سریه. (1396). واکاوی تجربیات زنان سالمند از احساس تنهایی: مطالعه‌ای پدیدارشناختی. مجله روان‌شناسی پیری، 3(1)، 43-31.

برقی ایرانی، زیبا؛ بگیان کوله‌مرز، محمدجواد و بختی، مجتبی. (1395). اثربخشی درمان شناختی مبتنی بر ذهن شفقت‌ورز بر تعدیل روان‌سازه‌های ناسازگار و کاهش عواطف منفی دانش‌آموزان مبتلا به اختلال ریاضی. مجله روانشناسی معاصر، 11(1)، 117-103.

حیدری، محمد؛ قدوسی بروجنی، منصوره و ناصح، لادن. (1395). مقایسه خودکارآمدی و احساس تنهایی در سالمندان ساکن و غیرساکن آسایشگاه سالمندی. سالمند: مجله سالمندی ایران، 11(1)، 151-142.

سعادتی، نادره؛ رستمی، مهدی و دربانی، سیدعلی. (1395). مقایسه اثربخشی درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد (ACT) و درمان متمرکز بر شفقت (CFI) در تقویت عزت نفس و سازگاری پس از طلاق زنان. مجله روانشناسی خانواده، 3(2)، 58-45.

شفیعی، معصومه؛ اکبری، شیرین و حیدری‌راد، حدیث. (1397). اثربخشی آموزش خوددلسوزی بر احساس تنهایی و تاب‌آوری در زنان مطلقه بی‌بضاعت. مجله روانشناسی و روانپزشکی شناخت، 5(6)، 84-71.

عسگری، اسماعیل؛ جمهری، فرهاد؛ تاجری، بیوک؛ برماس، حامد و حکمی، محمد. (1398). تعیین اثربخشی درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد (ACT) بر احساس تنهایی و سبک‌های اسنادی همسران معتادین. فصلنامه علوم اجتماعی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شوشتر، 13(1)، 150-123.

فتح‌اله‌زاده، نوشین؛ سعیدی، فاطمه؛ ایپچی حق، سیمین؛ سعادتی، نادره و رستمی، مهدی. (1395). اثربخشی گروهی آموزش درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد بر کاهش احساس تنهایی در سالمندان با سندرم آشیانه خالی. فصلنامه پرستاری سالمندان، 3(2)، 102-89.

نجاری، فیروزه؛ خدابخشی کولایی، آناهیتا و فلسفی‌نژاد، محمدرضا. (1396). اثربخشی درمان گروهی مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد بر احساس تنهایی و سازگاری روانشناختی زنان مطلقه. مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تربت حیدریه، 5(3)، 75-68.

Au, T. M., Sauer-Zavala, S., King, M. W., Petrocchi, N., Barlow, D. H., & Litz, B. T. (2017). Compassion-based therapy for trauma-related shame and posttraumatic stress: Initial evaluation using a multiple baseline design. Behavior Therapy, 48(2), 207-221.

Baker, D. A., Caswell, H. L., & Eccles, F. J. R. (2019). Self-compassion and depression, anxiety, and resilience in adults with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behavior, 90, 154-161.

Ditcheva, M., Vrshek-Schallhorn, S., & Batista, A. (2018). People who need people: Trait loneliness influences positive affect as a function of interpersonal context. Biological Psychology, 136, 181-188.

Ehret, A. M., Joormann, J., & Berking, M. (2018). Self-compassion is more effective than acceptance and reappraisal in decreasing depressed mood in currently and formerly depressed individuals. Journal of Affective Disorders, 15, 220-226.

Gentina, E., & Chen, R. (2019). Digital natives’ coping with loneliness: Facebook or face-to-face? Information & Management, 56(6), 1031-1038.

 

Gould, E. R., Tarbox, J., & Coyne, L. (2018). Evaluating the effects of acceptance and commitment training on the overt behavior of parents of children with autism. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 7, 81-88.

Grodin, J., Clark, J. L., Kolts, R., & Lovejoy, T. I. (2019). Compassion focused therapy for anger: A pilot study of a group intervention for veterans with PTSD. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 13, 27-33.

Hancock, K. M., Swain, J., Hainsworth, C. J., Dixon, A. L., Koo, S., & Munro, K. (2018). Acceptance and commitment therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy for children with anxiety: Outcomes of a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Children and Adolescent Psychology, 47(2), 296-311.

Haynes, K. N. (2017). Loneliness and depression: Contrasting the buffering effects of self-compassion and self-esteem adolescence. Child & Adolescent Social Work Journal, 15, 251-272.

 Krieger, T., Reber, F., VonGlutz, B., Urech, A., Moser, C. T., & et al. (2019). An internet-based compassion-focused intervention for increased self-criticism: A randomized controlled trial. Behavior Therapy, 50(2), 430-445.

Lyon, T. A. (2015). Self-compassion as a predictor of loneliness: The relationship between self-evaluation processes and perceptions of social connection. Dissertation, Lakeland: Southeastern University.

Montoliu, T., Hidalgo, V., & Salvador, A. (2019). The relationship between loneliness and cognition in healthy older men and women: The role of cortisol. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 107, 270-279.

Moyer, D. N., Murrell, A. R., Connally, M. L., & Steinberg, D. S. (2017). Showing up for class: Training graduate students in acceptance and commitment therapy. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 6(1), 114-118.

 O'Connell, B. H., O'Shea, D., & Gallagher, S. (2016). Mediating effects of loneliness on the gratitude-health link. Personality and Individual Differences, 98, 179-183.

 Ong, C. W., Lee, E. B., & Twohig, M. P. (2018). A meta-analysis of dropout rates in acceptance and commitment therapy. Behavioral Research Therapy, 104, 14-33.

 Russell, D. W. (1996). UCLA loneliness scale (Version 3): Reliability, validity and factor structure. Journal of Personality Assessment, 66(1), 20-40.

Wang, S., Zhou, Y., Shi, Y., Ran, L., Liu, X., & Chen, Y. (2015). Acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive–behavioral therapy as treatments for academic procrastination: A randomized controlled group session. Research on Social Work Practice, 27(1), 48-58.

Wynne, B., McHugh, L., Gao, W., Keegan, D., & Byrne, K. (2019). Acceptance and commitment therapy reduces psychological stress in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. Gastroenterology, 156(4), 935-945.

Yadavaia, J. E., Hayes, S. C., & Vilardaga, R. (2014). Using acceptance and commitment therapy to increase self-compassion: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 3(4), 248-257.