Effectiveness of Existential Group Therapy on Experience and Perception of Suffering, Emotional Regulation and Happiness in Migraine patients

Subject Areas : social psychology

Khaton  babahasani ¹ (PhD student in general psychology, Department of psychology, Boushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Boushehr, Iran;)
Naser  Amini ² (psychology , Islamic Azad University, Boushehr, Iran)
Abdolah  ShafieAbadi ³ (Professor of Faculty Psychology, Department of psychology, Boushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Boushehr, Iran)
ezat  deyreh ⁴ (Assistant Professor of Psychology, Department of psychology, Boushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Boushehr, Iran)

Received: 2021-01-31 Accepted : 2021-04-06 Published : 2020-03-20

Keywords: Existential Group Therapy# Experience and Perception of Suffering# Emotion Regulation#Happiness,

Abstract :

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of existential group therapy on experience and perception of suffering, emotion regulation and happiness in patients with migraine. The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of this study consisted of all migraine patients in Genaveh city from August 2016 to April 2018 Of these patients, 40 were selected Using the available sampling method and randomly assigned to two groups of existential group therapy and control group. Existential group therapy was performed in the experimental group for 8 sessions of 120 minutes, one session per week, during which the control group did not receive intervention. The research instruments included the Experience and Perception Scale of Schulz (2010), the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire Garnefski et al (2001), and the Oxford Happiness Scale, Argyle & Lu (1990). To analyze the research findings, statistical analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test was performed by repeated measures at a significance level of 0.05 in SPSS statistical software. The results of analysis of variance showed a significant decrease in the perception of suffering as well as a significant increase in emotion regulation and happiness compared to the control group and this effectiveness continued in the follow-up phase (p < 0.001). According to the results of the study, it can be concluded that existential group therapy is effective in reducing the perception of suffering, increasing happiness, improving emotional regulation in patients with migraine and can improve the quality of life and mental health of these patients Used treatment

References:

بشارت، محمدعلی؛ بزازیان، سعیده. (1393). بررسی ویژگی­های روانسنجی پرسشنامه تنظیم هیجان در نمونه­ای از جامعه ایرانی. نشریه دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، 24(84)، 61-70.

پیراسته مطلق، علی­اکبر؛ نیک­منش زهرا. (1391). تعیین ارتباط معنویت با احساس رنج و کیفیت زندگی بیماران مبتلا به ایدز. ارمغان دانش، 17(4)، 337-348.

حسینی، آرزو؛ خرمایی، فرهاد؛ عصارزادگان، فرهاد؛ حسامی، امید؛ تقوی، محمدرضا؛ محمدی، نوراله. (1394). مقایسه راهبردهای تنظیم شناختی هیجان در افراد مبتلا به سردرد میگرنی، سردرد تنشی و افراد بهنجار. روان­شناسی سلامت، 4(3)، 37-48.

خرازی نوتاش، هانیه؛ خادمی، علی؛ باباپور خیرالدین، جلیل؛ علی­وندی­وفا، مرضیه. (1398). اثربخشی درمان شناختی- رفتاری بر خودکارآمدی درد و ترس از پیشرفت بیماری میگرن در پرستاران زن شهر تبریز در سال 1398. سلامت جامعه، 13(2)، 24-32.

دلاور، علی. (1391). روش تحقیق در روان­شناسی و علوم تربیتی، تهران، چاپ 36، نشر ویرایش، 312-1.

رجبی، سوران؛ عباسی، زهره. (1393). همه­گیری­شناسی سردردهای میگرنی و اثربخشی آموزش شناختی- رفتاری فوردایس بر کاهش علایم میگرن و افزایش شادکامی. روانشناسی معاصر، 9(2)، 89-100.

جلیلی­نیکو، سعید؛ رضایی، زینب؛ نجائی­نژاد، نرگس؛ قاسمی­پوبینه، رضا؛ نوران، خیرالله. (1394). اثربخشی روان­درمانی وجودی بر افزایش تاب­آوری زنان نابارور. ارمغان دانش، 20(5)، 453-459.

سجادی­نژاد، مرضیه­سادات؛ محمدی، نوراله؛ تقوی، سید محمدرضا؛ اشجع­زاده، ناهید. (1387). تأثیر گروه­درمانی شناختی- رفتاری بر افسردگی و احساس ناتوانی ناشی از سردرد در بیمارن مبتلا به میگرن و سردرد تنشی. روانپزشکی و روانشناسی بالینی ایران، 14(4)، 411-418.

علی­پور، احمد؛ آگاه هریس، مژگان. (1386). اعتبار و روایی فهرست شادکامی آکسفورد در ایرانی­ها. فصلنامه روانشناسان ایرانی، 3(12)، 287-298.

وصال، مینا؛ نشاط­دوست، حمیدطاهر. (1398). فراتحلیل بررسی اثربخشی درمان­های روان­شناختی درد مزمن بر کاهش درد (مقالات سال­های 85 تا 97). بیهوشی و درد، 10(3)، 21-38.

هوایی، آزاده؛ کاظمی، حمید؛ حبیب­اللهی، اعظم؛ ایزدیخواه، زهرا. (1395). اثربخشی مداخله تنظیم هیجان بر میزان تحمل پریشانی و مشکلات تنظیم هیجان در زنان مبتلا به سردرد تنشی. مجله علمی پژوهشی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد. 24(10)، 840-851.

یراقچی، آزاده؛ جمهری، فرهاد؛ صیرفی، محمدرضا؛ کراسکیان موجمباری، آدیس؛ محمدی فارسانی، غلامرضا. (1398). اثربخشی درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد بر کاهش وزن و تنظیم شناختی هیجان در افراد مبتلا به چاقی. آموزش بهداشت و ارتقای سلامت ایران، 7(2)، 192-201.

Argyle, M., & Lu, L. (1990). The happiness of extraverts. Personality and individual differences, 11(10), 1011-1017.

Ashina, S., Bendtsen, L., Lyngberg, A. C., Lipton, R. B., Hajiyeva, N., & Jensen, R. (2015). Prevalence of neck pain in migraine and tension-type headache: a population study. Cephalalgia, 35(3), 211-219.

Besharat, M. A., & Bazzazian, S. (2014). Psychometric properties of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire in a sample of Iranian population. Journal of Shahid Beheshti School of Nursing & Midwifery, 24(84), 61-70.

Classen, C. C., Krug, O. T., Dezelic, M. S., Ansell, L., Haigh, R., Hamilton, S., ... & Welsh, H. (2019). Existential Group Therapy: Therapy Illustrations. The Wiley World Handbook of Existential Therapy, 459-478.

Dahl, J., Wilson, K. G., & Nilsson, A. (2004). Acceptance and commitment therapy and the treatment of persons at risk for long-term disability resulting from stress and pain symptoms: A preliminary randomized trial. Behavior therapy, 35(4), 785-801.

Dahlof, C. G., & Solomon, G. D. (1998). The burden of migraine to the individual suffer: a review. European Journal of Neurology, 5(6), 525-533.

Dindo, L., Recober, A., Marchman, J., O’Hara, M., & Turvey, C. (2015). Depression and disability in migraine: The role of pain acceptance and values-based action. International journal of behavioral medicine, 22(1), 109-117.

Freitag, F. G. (2007). The cycle of migraine: patients' quality of life during and between migraine attacks. Clinical therapeutics, 29(5), 939-949.

Garnefski, N., Koopman, H., Kraaij, V., & ten Cate, R. (2009). Brief report: Cognitive emotion regulation strategies and psychological adjustment in adolescents with a chronic disease. Journal of adolescence, 32(2), 449-454.

Garnefski, N., & Kraaij, V. (2006). Relationships between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms: A comparative study of five specific samples. Personality and Individual differences, 40(8), 1659-1669.

Garnefski, N., Kraaij, V., & Spinhoven, P. (2001). Negative life events, cognitive emotion regulation and emotional problems. Personality and Individual differences, 30(8), 1311-1327.

Gasiorowska, A., Zaleskiewicz, T., & Kesebir, P. (2018). Money as an existential anxiety buffer: Exposure to money prevents mortality reminders from leading to increased death thoughts. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 79, 394-409.

Hayes, S. C., Levin, M. E., Plumb-Vilardaga, J., Villatte, J. L., & Pistorello, J. (2013). Acceptance and commitment therapy and contextual behavioral science: Examining the progress of a distinctive model of behavioral and cognitive therapy. Behavior therapy, 44(2), 180-198.

Karbasdehi, E. R., Abolghasemi, A., & Karbasdehi, F. R. (2018). The effectiveness of schema therapy integrated with rehabilitation on cognitive emotion regulation and existential anxiety in patients with congestive heart failure. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 48(4), 233-239.

Lyubomirsky, S., Sheldon, K. M., & Schkade, D. (2005). Pursuing happiness: The architecture of sustainable change. Review of general psychology, 9(2), 111-131.

Margiotta, D. T. (2006). Existential themes in late life depression. The University of the Rockies. McCracken, L. M., & Eccleston, C. (2006). A comparison of the relative utility of coping and acceptance‐based measures in a sample of chronic pain sufferers. European Journal of Pain, 10(1), 23-23.

Marsa, R., Bahmani, B., Naghiyaee, M., & Barekati, S. (2017). The effectiveness of cognitive-existential group therapy on reducing demoralization in the elderly. World Family Medicine Journal: Incorporating the Middle East Journal of Family Medicine, 99(5588), 1-8.

McCracken, L. M., & Gutiérrez-Martínez, O. (2011). Processes of change in psychological flexibility in an interdisciplinary group-based treatment for chronic pain based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. Behaviour research and therapy, 49(4), 267-274.

Peck, J., Urits, I., Zeien, J., Hoebee, S., Mousa, M., Alattar, H., ... & Viswanath, O. (2020). A Comprehensive Review of Over-the-counter Treatment for Chronic Migraine Headaches. Current Pain and Headache Reports, 24(5), 1-9.

Pei, J. H., Wang, X. L., Yu, Y., Zhang, Y. B., Gou, L., Nan, R. L., ... & Han, Z. J. (2020). Prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt in patients with migraine: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of affective disorders, 277, 253-259.

Radat, F., Mekies, C., Géraud, G., Valade, D., Vivès, E., Lucas, C., ... & Lantéri-Minet, M. (2008). Anxiety, stress and coping behaviours in primary care migraine patients: results of the SMILE study. Cephalalgia, 28(11), 1115-1125.

Sabatini, F. (2014). The relationship between happiness and health: evidence from Italy. Social Science & Medicine, 114, 178-187.

Schulz, R., Monin, J. K., Czaja, S. J., Lingler, J. H., Beach, S. R., Martire, L. M., ... & Cook, T. B. (2010). Measuring the experience and perception of suffering. The Gerontologist, 50(6), 774-784.

Turk, D. C., & Melzack, R. (2001). The measurement of pain and the assessment of people experiencing pain, 3-16.

Udo, C., Melin-Johansson, C., & Danielson, E. (2011). Existential issues among health care staff in surgical cancer care–discussions in supervision sessions. European Journal of Oncology Nursing, 15(5), 447-453.

Veenhoven, R. (2013). Conditions of happiness. Springer Science & Business Media.