Woman in Christian Monasticism
Subject Areas : Philosophy and mysticism
Hamideh HHamedi por
1
(Instructor of Education Administration Zone 1 of Ahvaz, Department of Islamic Mystic, Ahvaz, Iran.)
Keywords:
Abstract :
In Christianity, the women who fear of God and live ascetic and typically cloistered lives that are dedicated to God worship are known as "monk". Such women after passing from worldly belongings such as marriage and keeping aloof from family, by authority of church bishop became a member of monastery and they have to perform rigid and special regulations. In this paper it was discussed that eastern monastic life was according to secluded traditional regulations. But in western monastic life the condition was not so; but nuns were sent to different areas as religious teacher and missionaries and have the responsibility of church regulations. The middle ages was the excellent period for monks which could dehiscent honor characteristics in themselves and cause elevation and development in mystical topics .in this period dehiscence of different groups such as Franciscans, Dominicans and Beguines came into existence that females had a strong role in them.
- کتاب مقدس.
- پیترز، اف یی. (1961م). یهودیت مسیحیت و اسلام، حسین توفیقی (1384). ج3 ، انتشارات مرکز مطالعات و تحقیقات ادیان و مذاهب.
- دورانت، ویل. (1933م). تاریخ تمدن، مترجم جمعی از مترجمان (1370). ج1، سازمان انتشارات و آموزش انقلاب اسلامی.
- فانینگ، استیون. (1947م). عارفان مسیحی، ترجمه فریدالدین رادمهر (1384). انشارات نیلوفر،تهران
- کرنز، ارل ای. (2008م). سرگذشت مسیحیت در طول تاریخ، آرمان رشدی(1387). انتشارات ایلام.
- کمبی، الاب جان. (1994). دلیل الی قراءه تاریخ الکنیسیه، چاپ اول، دارالمشرق.
- لین، تونی. (1995م). تاریخ تفکر مسیحی،روبرت آسریان (1380). چاپ اول، انتشارات فرزان.
- میشل، توماس. (998م). کلام مسیحی، حسین توفیقی(1377). مرکز مطالعات و تحقیقات ادیان و مذاهب، قم
- ویور، مری جو. (1942م). درآمدی به مسیحیت، مترجم حسن قنبری(1381). مرکزمطالعات و تحقیقات ادیان و مذاهب ، قم.
- Alastair, Hamilton (1992). Heresy and Mysticism in Sixteenth-Century Spain: The Alumbrados,Cambridge, James Clarke x Co,p.20.
- Athanius, Athanasius(1980). The Life of Anthony and the Letter to Mercellinus,RobertC.Gregg(trans.),New York,Ramsey and Toronto,Paulist Press,84,P.92
- Bridget, B. (1990). Birgitta of Sweden,MargueriteTjader Harris(ed.),Albert Ryle Kezel(trans.),New York and Mahwah,Paulist press,The Life of Blessed Birgitta,9,p.73.
- David, Streight (2000). Claude Addas: IbnArabi, TheVoyege of No return,Trans.The Islamic Texts Society,p116.
- Dominic, Vladimir, J. (1983). Koudelka,Op(ed),Consuelo Fissler,Op,and Simon Tugwell, Op(trans.) ,London, Darton, Longman and Todd,1,P.56.
- Elizabeth, K. (1952). the Trinity,Reminiscences of Sister Elizabeth of the T,rinity Servant of God,Discalced Carmelite of Dijon,a Benedictine of Stanbrook Abbey(trans.),Westminster,MD,Newman Press, pp.3,11.
- Margaret Winkworth (1887). Gertrude of Helfta,Gertrude of Helfta,The Herald of Divine Love, (ed.and trans.),New York and Mahwah,NJ,Paulist Press,1993,201,p.95.
- Gottfried, F. (1996). The Life of the Saintly Hildegard by Gottfried of Disibodenberg and Theoderic of Echternach, HughFeiss, Osb(trans.), Toronto, Peregrina Publishing, 1996, book3, pp73-97.
- Ibid, L. (1887). In Clement, The Ante-Nicene Fathers, Alexander Robert and James Donaldson(eds),vol. 2, Buffalo, Christian Literature Publishing.,repr.Grand Rapids,MI,Wm.B.Eerdmans ,P.509.
- Raymond, L. (1960). The Life of St Catherine of Siena by Blessed Raymond of Capua, George Lamb (trans.), New York, P. J. Kennedy X Sons,1960,1.2,p.25.
_||_