Comparison of the pathogenicity of some of Rhizoctonia solani isolates on some Phaseolus vulgaris cultivars

Subject Areas : Plant Protection

Sasan Farhangian Kashani ¹ , Azadeh Bohlooli ²

1 -
2 -

Received: 2011-06-13 Accepted : 2013-09-16 Published : 2013-08-23

Keywords:

Abstract :

Rhizoctonia root rot and crown rot of bean, caused by Rhizoctonia solani is one of the most important diseases of this crop in Iran. In this study, during 2004-2005, plant and soil samples were collected from the main bean-growing areas in Tehran province and totally, 81 isolates of the fungus were obtained. The morphological characteristics of the isolates including the color of colony, production of aerial mycelia, shape and size of sclerotia, the diameter of  hyphae and the number of nuclei per cells were surveyed. After staning the nuclei, all of the isolates except two, were characterized as multinucleous. Anastomosis studies showed that 81.3% of  the isolates belonged to the anastomose group 4 (AG-4), 16.04% to AG-6 and two isolates to AG-2. The two last groups are first reports from common bean in Iran. Pathogenicity tests were carried out on common bean, Naz cltivar. The inoculum consisted of wheat and barly seeds colonized with the fungus in complete randomized blocks design. We identified high variation in the pathogenicity of isolates. All of the isolates, except those belonging to the anastomosis group 6 (AG-6) wer relatively aggressive. The isolates Rs21 and Rs71 showed the highest and the lowest pathogenicity, respctivly. Sixteen improved cultivars of navy bean, kidney bean, French bean, green bean were tested for resistance to the five highely pathogenic isolates Rs7, Rs18. Rs21, Rs62 and Rs74 in greenhouse. Results showed that, all of the cultivars were susceptible or semi-susceptible to R.solani and just two cultivars Goli and Sayyad kidney bean, showing the average disease severity (2.58 and 2.9 using the1-5 scale) were semi-resistant to the disease. 

References:

Agrios, G. 1997. Plant Pathology. 4^th Edition. Academic press. USA.

Anderson. N. A.1982. The genetics and pathology of  Rhizoctonia solani. Annual Review of  Phyopathology, 20: 329-374.

Ahonmanesh, A. 2000. Principles of Plant Disease. Isfahan University Publication Center.  (In Persian).

Bagheri, A., Mahmoodi, A & Ghezli, F. D. 2000. Agronomy and Bean breeding. Jahad Mashhad University Press, (In Persian).

 Behdad, A. 1999. Plant pathogens and diseases of Iran. Falahat Publications of Iran, (In Persian).

 Cersini, P. C., Shew, H. D., Vilgalys, R. J. & Cubeta, M. A. 2002. Genetic diversity of Rizoctonia solani AG-3 from potato and tobacco in North Carolina. Mycologia, 94: 437-449.

Carling D. E., Baird R.E., Gitaitis R.D., Brainard K.A., Kuninaga S. 2002a. Characterization of AG-13, a newly reported anastomosis group of Rhizoctonia solani. Phytopathology 92:893-899.

Davis, R. M., Hall, A. E. & Gilbertson, A. 2005. Dry beans seedling disease. UCIPM Pest Management Guidelins Review, 1: 2.

Dubey, S. C. 2003. Integrated management of web blight of mung bean by bio-seed treatment. Indian Physiopathology, 56 : 34-38.

Eken,  C. & Demrici, E. 2004.  Anstomosis groups and pahtogenicity  of   Rhizoconia  solani and binucleate Rhizoctonia  isolates from bean in Erzurum,Turkey. Journal  of Plant Pathlogy, 86: 49-52

Erper, T., Karaca ,G  & Balkaya,  A. 2003.   Determination of the susceptibility of som greenbean  cultivars  grown in Samsun province against  Rhizoctonia solani.   Agronomy Faculty- Dergisi, 18: 51-55. 

Galindo, J. I., Abawi, G. S. & Thurston, H. D. 1982. Variability among  isolates of   Rhizoconia  solani  associated with snapbean hypocotyls and soil in Newyork. Plant Disease, 66:390-394.

Goday – Lutz,  G., Steadman,  J. R.,  Higgins,  B. &  Powers ,  K. 2003. Genetic variation among isolates of the web blight pathogen of common bean based on PCRRELP of the ITS- rDNA region. Plant Disease,87: 766-771.

Ghosta, Y. 1996. Research on Classification Decandolle Rhizoctonia. MS Thesis Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tehran University, Karaj, Iran. 110 pp.

 Haward, F. & Schartz, E. 1980. Bean Production Problems, Control International Agricultural Tropical (CIAT) Apartodo pereo, cali, Colombia: 3-99.

 Ko, W. & Hora, F. 1971. A selective medium for quantitative deerrmination of Rhizoctonia solani in soil. Phytopathology, 61: 701-710.

Lyndel, W., Meinhard , T ., Nelson, A., Wulf . F ., Claodia, M., Bellat, O. & Stu, M. 2002. Genetic analyses of Rhizoconia  solani  isolates from Phaseolus  vulgaris grown in the Atlantic rainforest region of Saopaulo, Brazilia. 27:1-7.

 Martin, F. N., & English, J. T., 1997. Population genetics of soil born fungal plant pathogens. Phytopathology. 87: 447-449.  

 Muyolo, N. G., Lipps, S. E. & Schmithenner, A. F. 1993. Reactions of dry bean, lima bean and soybean cultivars to Rhizoctonia root and hypocotyl rot and web blight. Plant Disease, 77: 234-238.

 Ogoshi, A. 1996. The genus Rhizoctonia. pp: 1-9. In: Sneh, B. et al. (Eds.), Rhizoctonia species: Taxonomy, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Pathology and Disease Control, Kluwer Aademic Publishers.

Okhovvat, M., Bazgir, A., Rohani, H & Karimi roozbahani, A. 1993. Eleven varieties of beans reactions against six isolates of Rhizoctonia solani in greenhouse conditions. Proceedings of the Eleventh Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Gilan.p. 139.

Panella, L. W. & Ruppel, E. G. 1996. Avalibility of germplasm for resistance against Rhizoctonia spp. Pp. 515-527 In: Sneh, B. et al. (Eds.), Rhizoctonia species: Taxonomy, molecular Bilogy, Ecology Pathology and Disease Control, Kluwer Academic Publishers.

 Peever, T. L., Zeigler, R. S., Dorrance, A. E., Correa-victoria, F. J. & Martin, S. S. 2000. Pathogen population genetics and breeding for resistance. APSnet feature.

  Prasad, K. & Weigle, J. L. 1970. Screening for resistance to Rhizoctonia solani in Phaseolus vulgaris. Plant Disease, 64: 40-44

 Sachin, U., Gupla, S. K. & Sharma, M. K. 2004. Evaluation of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) germplasm against web blight (Rhizoctonia solani). Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 74: 448- 450.

 Sumner, D. R. 1995. Sclerotuim formation and development: Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Rhizoctonia, Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands: p. 89.

 Snech,B., 1991. Identification of  Rhizoctonia Species. APS Press.St. Paul. Minnesota, USA. 733 pp.

Sunder ,  S., Kataria, H .R. & Sheoran, O. P. 2003. Charactization  Rhizoctonia  Solani  associated with root/ collar rots and blights. Indian Phyto pathology, 56: 27-33.

Sarafi, A & Okhovat, M. 1972. Resistance of bean cultivars to five isolates of the fungus Rhizoctonia solani Kuehn 3 in greenhouse. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Tehran University, 56: 49- 30.

 Safaii, N., Minasian. V., Rahimian., H & Banihashemi., Z. 1999. Isolation, identification and pathogenicity of different species of plants in the province Rhizoctonia solani. Journal of Plant Diseases, 35: 8-1.

Vilgalys, R. & Cubeta, M. A. 1994. Molecular systematic and population biology of Rhizoctonia solani. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 32: 135-155.

 Zamani, M. R., Balali, G. H., Danesh, D & Rahimian, H. M. 1989. Anastomosis groups of Rhizoctonia solani  isolates from several hosts in Isfahan. Proceedings of the 9^th  Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Mashhad University, p.: 141.