Integrated Optimal Active and Reactive Power Planning in Smart Microgrids with Possibility of One-Hour Islanding

Subject Areas : Power Engineering

Parastou Khademi Astaneh ¹ (Department of Electrical Engineering, Rudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rudehen, Tehran, Iran)
Hossein Sheikh Shahrokh Dehkordi ² (Department of Electrical Engineering, Rudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rudehen, Tehran, Iran)

Received: 2023-02-09 Accepted : 2023-04-06 Published : 2023-08-23

Keywords: Micro grid, Islanded, smart grid, Reactive and active power scheduling, Grid-Connected,

Abstract :

In power smart grids, equipment and electrical infrastructure and information smart grids in order to increase efficiency, improved reliability and reducing environmental pollution merged together. One of the basic challenges in such grids, increase uncertainty due to the use of distribution generation sources contain are renewable resources. In recent years has proposed the concept of the micro grid, it means a medium voltage distribution grid or low voltage grid includes distribution generation units, storage devices and different controlling loads with operational capability in both cases grid-connected and islanded. Because micro grid in the islanded, grid is with small power generation units, the smallest error it may be cause instability. It is therefore necessary so when passing through grid-connected to island make sure of sufficient storage in distribution generation generator according to their production capability curve in order to satisfy loads reactive and active power. The main focus of this research is on distribution generation unit’s reactive and active power scheduling for sustainable and economic operation from a micro grid. The need for a sustainable transition from grid-connected to island in case of an error in grid is one of the most important constraints in the micro grids. Therefore, must to be investigated economic scheduling of distribution generation units a micro grid considering these constraints. It should be noted that consideration these constraints in reactive and active power scheduling of distribution generation units can bring on more economic benefits in the steady pass from grid-connected to island. So, in this research will be presented formulation related to planning reactive and active power of distribution generation units by maintaining the constraints that its objective function will be to minimize the cost of power generation.

References:

1. F.Pilo, G. Pisano, and G.G. Soma, "Neural implementation of microgrid central controllers", in 2007 5th IEEE international conference on industrial informatics, 2007, Vol.2 , pp.1177-1182, doi: 10.1109/INDIN.2007.4384897.


2. K.L. Nguyen, D.J. Won, S.J. Ahn, and I.Y. Chung, "Power sharing method for a grid connected microgrid with multiple distributed generators", Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 459-467, 2012. doi: 10.5370/JEET.2012.7.4.459.


3. T.M. Blasi, C.C. de Aquino, R.S. Pinto, M.O. de Lara Filho, T.S. Fernandes, C.U. Vila, A.R. Aoki, R.B. dos Santos, and F.H. Tabarro, "Active Distribution Networks with Microgrid and Distributed Energy Resources Optimization Using Hierarchical Model", Energies, vol. 15, no. 11, pp. 3992, May 2022,  doi: 10.3390/en15113992.


4. H.K. Kang, S.J. Ahn, and S.I. Moon, "A new method to determine the droop of inverter-based DGs", in 2009 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting. 2009, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/PES.2009.5275986.


5. R.H. Lasseter, and P. Paigi. "Microgrid: A conceptual solution", in 2004 IEEE 35th annual power electronics specialists conference (IEEE Cat. No. 04CH37551), 2004, vol.6, pp 4285-4290, doi: 10.1109/PESC.2004.1354758.


6. A.K. Marvasti, Y. Fu, S. DorMohammadi, and M. Rais-Rohani, "Optimal operation of active distribution grids: A system of systems framework", IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 5, no.3, pp.1228-1237, March 2014, doi: 10.1109/TSG.2013.2282867.


7. K. Rahbar, J. Xu, and R. Zhang, "Real-time energy storage management for renewable integration in microgrid: An off-line optimization approach", IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 124-134, September 2014, doi: 10.1109/TSG.2014.2359004.


8. H. Kanchev, F. Colas, V. Lazarov, and B. Francois, " Emission reduction and economical optimization of an urban microgrid operation including dispatched PV-based active generators", IEEE Transactions on sustainable energy, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 1397-1405, July 2014, doi: 10.1109/TSTE.2014.2331712.


9. D.T. Nguyen,  and L.B. Le, "Optimal energy management for cooperative microgrids with renewable energy resources", in 2013 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm),2013, pp. 678-683, doi: 10.1109/SmartGridComm.2013.6688037.


10. A. Keane, and M. O'Malley, "Optimal allocation of embedded generation on distribution networks", IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 1640-1646, August 2005 , doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2005.852115.


11. J.M. Solanki, S.K. Solanki, and N. Schulz, "Multi-agent-based reconfiguration for restoration of distribution systems with distributed generators", Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 331-346, October 2010, doi: 10.3233/ICA-2010-0351.


12. C. Wang, Z. Zhang, O. Abedinia, and S.G. Farkoush, "Modeling and analysis of a microgrid considering the uncertainty in renewable energy resources, energy storage systems and demand management in electrical retail market", Journal of Energy Storage, vol. 33, pp. 102111, January 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.est.2020.102111.


13.  R. Majumder, A. Ghosh, G. Ledwich, and F. Zare, "Power management and power flow control with back-to-back converters in a utility connected microgrid", IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol 25, no. 2, pp. 821-834, November 2009, doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2009.2034666.


14. A.M. Abdulmohsen, and W.A. Omran, "Active/reactive power management in islanded microgrids via multi-agent systems", International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 135, pp. 107551, February 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2021.107551.


15. H. Zou, Y. Wang, S. Mao, F. Zhang, and X. Chen, "Online energy management in microgids considering reactive power", IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 2895-2906, October 2018, doi: 10.1109/JIOT.2018.2876245.


16. S. Rezaeeian, N.Bayat, A.Rabiee, S.Nikkhah, and A.Soroudi, "Optimal Scheduling of Reconfigurable Microgrids in Both Grid-Connected and Isolated Modes Considering the Uncertainty of DERs", Energies, vol.15, no.15, pp. 5369, July 2022, doi: 10.3390/en15155369.


17. Ç .Iris, and J.S.L. Lam, "Optimal energy management and operations planning in seaports with smart grid while harnessing renewable energy under uncertainty", Omega, vol. 103, pp. 102445, March 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.omega.2021.102445.


18. A. Gholami, T.Shekari, F.Aminifar, and M. Shahidehpour, "Microgrid scheduling with uncertainty: The quest for resilience", IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 2849-2858, November 2016, doi: 10.1109/TSG.2016.2598802.


19.  S. Esmaeili, A. Anvari-Moghaddam, S. Jadid, and J.M. Guerrero, "Optimal simultaneous day-ahead scheduling and hourly reconfiguration of distribution systems considering responsive loads", International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy System, vol. 104, pp. 537-548, January 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2018.07.055.


20. N. Zaree, V. Vahidinasab, and A. Estebsari, "Energy management strategy of microgrids based on benders decomposition method", in 2018 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2018 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC/I&CPS Europe), June 2018, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/EEEIC.2018.8494507.


21. M.E. Baran and F.F. Wu, "Network reconfiguration in distribution systems for loss reduction and load balancing", IEEE Transactions on Power delivery, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 1401-140,1989, doi: 10.1109/61.25627.


22. A. Samimi, A. Kazemi, and P. Siano, "Economic-environmental active and reactive power scheduling of modern distribution systems in presence of wind generations: A distribution market-based approach", Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 106, pp. 495-509, December 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2015.09.070.


23. I.Sharma, K. Bhattacharya, and C. Cañizares, "Smart distribution system operations with price-responsive and controllable loads", IEEE transactions on smart grid, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 795-807, March 2014, doi: 10.1109/TSG.2014.2372674.