Designing a model of the effect of social responsibility on organizational reputation with the mediating role of professional ethics among managers and employees of the General Directorate of Sports and Youth in Kermanshah province.
Subject Areas : Sociological studies of sports
Ali Karimi
1
(
Department of Sports Management, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran,
)
Fateh Farazyani
2
(
Department of Sports Management, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran,
)
Ali Ahmadi
3
(
Department of Sports Management, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran,
)
Keywords: Professional Ethics, Social Responsibility, organizational reputation,
Abstract :
Objective: The present study was conducted with the aim of designing a model of the effect of social responsibility on organizational reputation with the mediating role of professional ethics among managers and employees of the General Directorate of Sports and Youth in Kermanshah province.Methodology: The research method was descriptive-survey, and based on structural equations, which was done in the field. The statistical population of the study included 320 managers and employees of sports and youth departments of Kermanshah province, who based on Cochran's formula, 175 people were selected as a statistical sample by stratified random sampling. Data collection tools were the use of three questionnaires: Brown et al.'s Ethical Leadership (2005), Carol's Social Responsibility (1979), and Loma-Aho's (2008) Organizational Reputation. In this research, structural equations have been used to investigate the relationships between model components and Smart PLS software has been used to analyze the data.Results: The findings showed that professional ethics had a positive and significant impact on organizational reputation, professional ethics on social responsibility and social responsibility on organizational reputation. Based on this, social responsibility has the greatest impact on organizational reputation and professional ethics has the least impact on organizational reputation.Conclusion: According to the research findings, it is suggested to the managers of the General Department of Sports and Youth of Kermanshah province, to have a dynamic organization by performing social responsibilities in economic, social, moral and humanitarian dimensions and also to create a commitment to professional ethics. Build organizational reputation among your employees, and increase the overall performance of your organization.
Ali, I., Rehman, K. U., Yilmaz, A. K., Nazir, S., & Ali, J. F. (2010). Effects of corporate social responsibility on consumer retention in cellular industry of Pakistan. African Journal of Business Management, 4(4), 475-485.
Amin Bidokhti, A., Jafari, S., & Moradi Moghadam, M. (2013). The relationship between organizational socialization and teachers' job motivation with the mediating role of organizational identity. Journal of Social Capital Management, 3(4), 563-582. (Persian)
Amiri, M., & Partabian, A. (2015).The Relationship between Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Teacher's Ethical Behavior. Quarterly Journal of Teaching, 3(1), 85-107. (Persian)
Arab Ameri, H. (2014).The Effect of Organizational Ethnic Climate on Organizational Citizenship Behavior by Mediating Organizational Commitment, Master's thesis, Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Economics, Management and Administrative Sciences, Semnan University. 12(4), 354-391. (Persian)
Baah, C., Jin, Z., & Tang L. (2019). Organizational and regulatory stakeholder pressures friends or foes to green logistics practices and financial performance: Investigating corporate
reputation as a missing link. Journal of Cleaner Production. 247(2), 119-125.
Babiak, K., & Wolfe, R. (2009). Determinants of corporate social responsibility in professional sport: Internal and external factors. Journal of Sport Management, 23(6), 717–742.
Bai, N., Haji Anzahi, Z., & IsfahaniNia A. (2017). The effect of social responsibility and moral climate of the organization on involvement in the work of employees of sports and youth departments of Golestan province. Organizational Behavior Management Studies in Sports, 5(20), 65-77. (Persian)
Bakhshandeh, O. (2020). The relationship between organizational ethical leadership and promotion of social responsibility in Hormozgan province police command. Knowledge Police Hormozgan, 10(4),17-32. (Persian)
Caruana, A., & Ewing, T. (2010). How corporate reputation, quality, and value influence online loyalty. Journal of Business Research. 63(9), 1103-1110.
Darabi, S., & Zardoshtian, S. (2019). The effect of social responsibility on organization performance by emphasizing the strategic role of reputation on the employees of Sports and Youth Departments in the West of Iran. Organizational Behavior Management in Sport Studies, 5(20), 23-109. (Persian)
Durant, J.E. (2016). Organizational Value of Social Responsibility in Sport: Creating A Conceptual Framework. Ph. D Dissertation, Bowling Green State University, 8(2), 124-150.
De Klerk, S., & Stander, M.W. (2014). Leadership empowerment behaviour, work engagement and turnover intention: The role of psychological empowerment. Journal of Positive Management, 5(3), 28-45.
Eghbali, S., Hemmati, E., & Rayatpishe, M.A. (2018). Studying the relationship between quality of work life and human (Bandar Abbas) Quarterly Journal of Marine Science Education, 4(4), 33-47. (Persian)
García-Madariaga, J., & Rodríguez-Rivera, F. (2017). Corporate social responsibility, customer satisfaction, corporate reputation, and firms’ market value: Evidence from the automobile industry. Spanish Journal of Marketing-ESIC, 1(21), 39-53.
Gharamaleki, A.F.(2009). Promoting the fundamental principles of professional ethics at the University. Journal of Res Ethic, 1(3), 207-256. (Persian)
Ghobadi, A., Gholami, S., & Salvation, M. (2017). The effect of organizational virtuality on the recognition of sports organizations. Organizational Behavioral Organizational Management Studies in Sport, 4 (13), 71-78. (Persian)
Giroux, M., Pons, F., & Mourali, M. (2015). Is CSR important for all types of fans?: The value of corporate social responsibility in sport. In J. L. Robinson (ed.), Marketing dynamism & sustainability: Things change, things stay the same…: Proceedings of the 2012 academy of marketing science (AMS) annual conference. Book Section, Cham: Springer. 9(4), 497-500.
Hartog, M. (2007). Ethics and human resource management: Professional. Journal of Business and Professional Ethics, 21(13):1-8.
Henderson, J.C. (2007). Corporate social responsibility and tourism: Hotel companies in Phuket, Thailand, after the Indian Ocean tsunami. Hospitality Management, 14(26), 228–239.
Hervey, W.S., & Morris, T. (2017). Changing organizational reputation in management consulting. 5(3), 211-229.
Harvey, W.S., Beaverstock, J.V., & Li, H. (2019). Common threats and managing reputation in executive search firms. British Journal of Management, 30(4), 847-868.
Heydari, Z., Mohammad Mirkazemi, A. (2016). Organizational background on the effectiveness of spirituality in the work of employees of sports and youth departments of Greater Khorasan. Sports Management Studies, 92. 471-552.
Islam, T., Islam, R., Pitafi, A. H., Xiaobei, L., Rehmani, M., Irfan, M., & Mubarak, M.S. (2021). The impact of corporate social responsibility on customer loyalty: The mediating role of corporate reputation, customer satisfaction, and trust. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 1(25), 35-123.
Javed, M., Rashid, M.A., Hussain, G., & Ali, H.Y. (2020). The effects of corporate social responsibility on corporate reputation and firm financial performance: Moderating role of responsible leadership. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 27(3), 395-409. (Persian)
Karami, M., Ghalavandi, H., & Ghale'ei, A. (2017). The relationship between professional ethics, ethical leadership and social responsibility in schools. Journals of School Management, 5(1), 93-112. (Persian)
Khanifar, H., Jandaghi, G., & Shojaie, S. (2010). Organizational consideration between spirituality and professional commitment. European Journal of Social Sciences, 12(4), 558-571.
Lukman, R., Innocent, A., & Olakunle, D.O. (2015). Corporate social responsibility and entrepreneurship (CSRE): Antidotes to poverty, insecurity and underdevelopment in Nigeria. Social Responsibility Journal, 11(1), 56 – 81.
Massah, H., Oreyzisamani, S.H., & Kalantari, M. (2017). The role of work engagement in relationship between thriving at Work with teaching commitment, job satisfaction and sense of belonging at school: Providing Bootstrapping Model. Quarterly Journal of Career & Organizational Counseling, 9(30), 48-72. (Persian)
Mohseni, T., Moayedfar, S., & Golabi, F. (2011). A study of social confidence with a generational view of society, applied sociology, twenty-second year. 11(4), 41-70. (Persian)
Montazeri, A., Talebpour, M., Andam, R., & Kazemnejad, A. (2017). Measuring corporate social responsibility in sport industry: Development and validation of measurement scale. Annals of Applied Sport Science, 5(2), 97-114. (Persian)
Nazari, S., Mahmoudi, A., Kosaripoor, M., & Hasani, F. (2020). The role of social responsibility and professional ethics in promoting the social capital of Physical Education Teachers in Tehran. Scientific Journal of Organizational Behavior Management in Sport Studies, 7(3), 77-90. (Persian)
Onakoya, O. A., Moses, C. L., Iyiola, O., Salau, O. P., & Ayoade , EO. (2018). Dataset on ethical leadership and corporate reputation–Nigerian deposit money banks ׳perspective. Data in brief, 1(19), 847-52.
Quintana-García, C., Benavides-Chicón, C. G., & Macarena, M. L. (2020). Does a green supply chain improve corporate reputation? Empirical evidence from European manufacturing sectors. Industrial Marketing Management, 20(19), 111-132.
https: //doi .org /10.10 16/j .indmarman.
Rabiee Mandjin, M. R., & Gholami, M. (2015). Investigating the impact of social responsibility on organizational commitment (Qom Governorate Sample Society). Educational Management Research Quarterly, 7(3), 69-98. (Persian)
Rahimi, H., & Kazemzadeh, R. (2018). Investigating the relationship between work engagement and psychological well-being and job burnout: A case study of teachers in Ardabil. Journal of school psychology, 7(4), 69-80. (Persian)
Rahimi Kloor, H., Golzard, A., & Ghaffari, M. (2018). Analysis of the relationship between work conscience and social responsibility as a mediator of professional ethics. Scientific Research (Ministry of Science), 65(12), 100-107. (Persian)
Ravasi, D., Rindova, V., Etter, M., & Cornelissen, J. (2018). The formation of organizational reputation. Academy of Management Annals, 12(2), 574-599.
Saha, R., Cerchione, R., Singh, R., & Dahiya, R. (2020). Effect of ethical leadership and corporate social responsibility on firm performance: A systematic review. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 27(2), 409-429.
Sajadi, S. A., & Javaran, S. (2016). The role of club on fans’ dependency club reputation (Case study: On the team in the Football Premier League of Iran). IIOAB Journal, 7(5), 583-587.
Samaneh, S., & Najaf, A. (2021). Determining the mediator's role of ompetitive advantage and organizational reputation in the causal relationship between the social responsibility and team performance of the Persepolis Club. Research in Sport Management and Motor Behavior, 11(21), 25-56. (Persian)
Schwaiger, M. (2004). Components and parameters of corporate reputation—An empirical study. Schmalenbach Business Review, 56(1), 46-71.
Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. (2004). Job demands, job recourse and their relationship with
burnout and engagement: A multi-sample study. Journal of Organization Behavior, 25(5), 293-315.
Shakeel, N. M., Imtiaz Haider, M., Islam, T., & Ur Rahman, S. H. (2012). The impact of corporate social responsibility on brand equity. European Journal of Social Sciences, 34(3), 520-529.
Shojae-baghini, G. (2018). Investigating the relationship between employees' social responsibility and organizational reputation (Case Study: Shahroud Housing Foundation). The first national conference on research and development in management and resistance economics, 1-21. (Persian)
Sohrabi, B., & Khanlari, A. (2009). Ethics, information technology and organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Ethics in Science and Technology, 4(1), 1-10. (Persian)
Shuck, B., & Herd, A. M. (2012). Employee engagement and leadership: Exploring the convergence of two
frameworks and implications for leadership development in HRD. Human Resource Development Review,11(2), 81-156.
Taghi-Amiri, A., Hemati, M., & Mobini, M. (2010). Professional ethics is essential for the organization. Moral Knowledge, 1(4), 137-159. (Persian)
Taji, H., & Mehdad, A. (2019). Predicting of perceived self-efficacy and work engagement through job crafting and perceived organizational support. Quarterly Journal of Career & Organizational Counseling, 11(39), 89-112.
Taleghani, M., & Malekakhlaq, I. (2011). The role of reengineering in the organizational development process. Journal of Management, 119(55), 21-27. (Persian)
Tingchi Liu, M., Anthony, W. I. S., Guicheng, C. R. L., & Brock, J. (2014). The impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance and perceived brand quality on customer-based brand preference. Journal of Services Marketing, 28(3), 181 –194.
Tourigny, L., Han, J., Baba, V. V., & Pan, P. (2019). Ethical leadership and corporate social responsibility in China: A multilevel study of their effects on trust and organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Business EthicsAug, 158(2), 427-440.
Vallaeys, F. (2013). Defining social responsibility: A matter of philosophocial urgency for university. Available at: http://WWW.guninetwork.org/resources/hearticle/d efiningsocial-responsibiliy-a-matter-of-urgency-forphilosophy-anduniversities. 8(2), 12-29.
Walker, M. (2011). The process of organizational identity: What are the roles of social responsiveness, organizational image, and identification?. Journal of Sport Management, 25(5), 489-505.
Zhu, Y., Sun, L. Y., & Leung, A. S. (2014). Corporate social responsibility, firm reputation, and firm performance: The role of ethical leadership. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 31(4), 925-947.
_||_Ali, I., Rehman, K. U., Yilmaz, A. K., Nazir, S., & Ali, J. F. (2010). Effects of corporate social responsibility on consumer retention in cellular industry of Pakistan. African Journal of Business Management, 4(4), 475-485.
Amin Bidokhti, A., Jafari, S., & Moradi Moghadam, M. (2013). The relationship between organizational socialization and teachers' job motivation with the mediating role of organizational identity. Journal of Social Capital Management, 3(4), 563-582. (Persian)
Amiri, M., & Partabian, A. (2015).The Relationship between Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Teacher's Ethical Behavior. Quarterly Journal of Teaching, 3(1), 85-107. (Persian)
Arab Ameri, H. (2014).The Effect of Organizational Ethnic Climate on Organizational Citizenship Behavior by Mediating Organizational Commitment, Master's thesis, Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Economics, Management and Administrative Sciences, Semnan University. 12(4), 354-391. (Persian)
Baah, C., Jin, Z., & Tang L. (2019). Organizational and regulatory stakeholder pressures friends or foes to green logistics practices and financial performance: Investigating corporate
reputation as a missing link. Journal of Cleaner Production. 247(2), 119-125.
Babiak, K., & Wolfe, R. (2009). Determinants of corporate social responsibility in professional sport: Internal and external factors. Journal of Sport Management, 23(6), 717–742.
Bai, N., Haji Anzahi, Z., & IsfahaniNia A. (2017). The effect of social responsibility and moral climate of the organization on involvement in the work of employees of sports and youth departments of Golestan province. Organizational Behavior Management Studies in Sports, 5(20), 65-77. (Persian)
Bakhshandeh, O. (2020). The relationship between organizational ethical leadership and promotion of social responsibility in Hormozgan province police command. Knowledge Police Hormozgan, 10(4),17-32. (Persian)
Caruana, A., & Ewing, T. (2010). How corporate reputation, quality, and value influence online loyalty. Journal of Business Research. 63(9), 1103-1110.
Darabi, S., & Zardoshtian, S. (2019). The effect of social responsibility on organization performance by emphasizing the strategic role of reputation on the employees of Sports and Youth Departments in the West of Iran. Organizational Behavior Management in Sport Studies, 5(20), 23-109. (Persian)
Durant, J.E. (2016). Organizational Value of Social Responsibility in Sport: Creating A Conceptual Framework. Ph. D Dissertation, Bowling Green State University, 8(2), 124-150.
De Klerk, S., & Stander, M.W. (2014). Leadership empowerment behaviour, work engagement and turnover intention: The role of psychological empowerment. Journal of Positive Management, 5(3), 28-45.
Eghbali, S., Hemmati, E., & Rayatpishe, M.A. (2018). Studying the relationship between quality of work life and human (Bandar Abbas) Quarterly Journal of Marine Science Education, 4(4), 33-47. (Persian)
García-Madariaga, J., & Rodríguez-Rivera, F. (2017). Corporate social responsibility, customer satisfaction, corporate reputation, and firms’ market value: Evidence from the automobile industry. Spanish Journal of Marketing-ESIC, 1(21), 39-53.
Gharamaleki, A.F.(2009). Promoting the fundamental principles of professional ethics at the University. Journal of Res Ethic, 1(3), 207-256. (Persian)
Ghobadi, A., Gholami, S., & Salvation, M. (2017). The effect of organizational virtuality on the recognition of sports organizations. Organizational Behavioral Organizational Management Studies in Sport, 4 (13), 71-78. (Persian)
Giroux, M., Pons, F., & Mourali, M. (2015). Is CSR important for all types of fans?: The value of corporate social responsibility in sport. In J. L. Robinson (ed.), Marketing dynamism & sustainability: Things change, things stay the same…: Proceedings of the 2012 academy of marketing science (AMS) annual conference. Book Section, Cham: Springer. 9(4), 497-500.
Hartog, M. (2007). Ethics and human resource management: Professional. Journal of Business and Professional Ethics, 21(13):1-8.
Henderson, J.C. (2007). Corporate social responsibility and tourism: Hotel companies in Phuket, Thailand, after the Indian Ocean tsunami. Hospitality Management, 14(26), 228–239.
Hervey, W.S., & Morris, T. (2017). Changing organizational reputation in management consulting. 5(3), 211-229.
Harvey, W.S., Beaverstock, J.V., & Li, H. (2019). Common threats and managing reputation in executive search firms. British Journal of Management, 30(4), 847-868.
Heydari, Z., Mohammad Mirkazemi, A. (2016). Organizational background on the effectiveness of spirituality in the work of employees of sports and youth departments of Greater Khorasan. Sports Management Studies, 92. 471-552.
Islam, T., Islam, R., Pitafi, A. H., Xiaobei, L., Rehmani, M., Irfan, M., & Mubarak, M.S. (2021). The impact of corporate social responsibility on customer loyalty: The mediating role of corporate reputation, customer satisfaction, and trust. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 1(25), 35-123.
Javed, M., Rashid, M.A., Hussain, G., & Ali, H.Y. (2020). The effects of corporate social responsibility on corporate reputation and firm financial performance: Moderating role of responsible leadership. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 27(3), 395-409. (Persian)
Karami, M., Ghalavandi, H., & Ghale'ei, A. (2017). The relationship between professional ethics, ethical leadership and social responsibility in schools. Journals of School Management, 5(1), 93-112. (Persian)
Khanifar, H., Jandaghi, G., & Shojaie, S. (2010). Organizational consideration between spirituality and professional commitment. European Journal of Social Sciences, 12(4), 558-571.
Lukman, R., Innocent, A., & Olakunle, D.O. (2015). Corporate social responsibility and entrepreneurship (CSRE): Antidotes to poverty, insecurity and underdevelopment in Nigeria. Social Responsibility Journal, 11(1), 56 – 81.
Massah, H., Oreyzisamani, S.H., & Kalantari, M. (2017). The role of work engagement in relationship between thriving at Work with teaching commitment, job satisfaction and sense of belonging at school: Providing Bootstrapping Model. Quarterly Journal of Career & Organizational Counseling, 9(30), 48-72. (Persian)
Mohseni, T., Moayedfar, S., & Golabi, F. (2011). A study of social confidence with a generational view of society, applied sociology, twenty-second year. 11(4), 41-70. (Persian)
Montazeri, A., Talebpour, M., Andam, R., & Kazemnejad, A. (2017). Measuring corporate social responsibility in sport industry: Development and validation of measurement scale. Annals of Applied Sport Science, 5(2), 97-114. (Persian)
Nazari, S., Mahmoudi, A., Kosaripoor, M., & Hasani, F. (2020). The role of social responsibility and professional ethics in promoting the social capital of Physical Education Teachers in Tehran. Scientific Journal of Organizational Behavior Management in Sport Studies, 7(3), 77-90. (Persian)
Onakoya, O. A., Moses, C. L., Iyiola, O., Salau, O. P., & Ayoade , EO. (2018). Dataset on ethical leadership and corporate reputation–Nigerian deposit money banks ׳perspective. Data in brief, 1(19), 847-52.
Quintana-García, C., Benavides-Chicón, C. G., & Macarena, M. L. (2020). Does a green supply chain improve corporate reputation? Empirical evidence from European manufacturing sectors. Industrial Marketing Management, 20(19), 111-132.
https: //doi .org /10.10 16/j .indmarman.
Rabiee Mandjin, M. R., & Gholami, M. (2015). Investigating the impact of social responsibility on organizational commitment (Qom Governorate Sample Society). Educational Management Research Quarterly, 7(3), 69-98. (Persian)
Rahimi, H., & Kazemzadeh, R. (2018). Investigating the relationship between work engagement and psychological well-being and job burnout: A case study of teachers in Ardabil. Journal of school psychology, 7(4), 69-80. (Persian)
Rahimi Kloor, H., Golzard, A., & Ghaffari, M. (2018). Analysis of the relationship between work conscience and social responsibility as a mediator of professional ethics. Scientific Research (Ministry of Science), 65(12), 100-107. (Persian)
Ravasi, D., Rindova, V., Etter, M., & Cornelissen, J. (2018). The formation of organizational reputation. Academy of Management Annals, 12(2), 574-599.
Saha, R., Cerchione, R., Singh, R., & Dahiya, R. (2020). Effect of ethical leadership and corporate social responsibility on firm performance: A systematic review. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 27(2), 409-429.
Sajadi, S. A., & Javaran, S. (2016). The role of club on fans’ dependency club reputation (Case study: On the team in the Football Premier League of Iran). IIOAB Journal, 7(5), 583-587.
Samaneh, S., & Najaf, A. (2021). Determining the mediator's role of ompetitive advantage and organizational reputation in the causal relationship between the social responsibility and team performance of the Persepolis Club. Research in Sport Management and Motor Behavior, 11(21), 25-56. (Persian)
Schwaiger, M. (2004). Components and parameters of corporate reputation—An empirical study. Schmalenbach Business Review, 56(1), 46-71.
Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. (2004). Job demands, job recourse and their relationship with
burnout and engagement: A multi-sample study. Journal of Organization Behavior, 25(5), 293-315.
Shakeel, N. M., Imtiaz Haider, M., Islam, T., & Ur Rahman, S. H. (2012). The impact of corporate social responsibility on brand equity. European Journal of Social Sciences, 34(3), 520-529.
Shojae-baghini, G. (2018). Investigating the relationship between employees' social responsibility and organizational reputation (Case Study: Shahroud Housing Foundation). The first national conference on research and development in management and resistance economics, 1-21. (Persian)
Sohrabi, B., & Khanlari, A. (2009). Ethics, information technology and organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Ethics in Science and Technology, 4(1), 1-10. (Persian)
Shuck, B., & Herd, A. M. (2012). Employee engagement and leadership: Exploring the convergence of two
frameworks and implications for leadership development in HRD. Human Resource Development Review,11(2), 81-156.
Taghi-Amiri, A., Hemati, M., & Mobini, M. (2010). Professional ethics is essential for the organization. Moral Knowledge, 1(4), 137-159. (Persian)
Taji, H., & Mehdad, A. (2019). Predicting of perceived self-efficacy and work engagement through job crafting and perceived organizational support. Quarterly Journal of Career & Organizational Counseling, 11(39), 89-112.
Taleghani, M., & Malekakhlaq, I. (2011). The role of reengineering in the organizational development process. Journal of Management, 119(55), 21-27. (Persian)
Tingchi Liu, M., Anthony, W. I. S., Guicheng, C. R. L., & Brock, J. (2014). The impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance and perceived brand quality on customer-based brand preference. Journal of Services Marketing, 28(3), 181 –194.
Tourigny, L., Han, J., Baba, V. V., & Pan, P. (2019). Ethical leadership and corporate social responsibility in China: A multilevel study of their effects on trust and organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Business EthicsAug, 158(2), 427-440.
Vallaeys, F. (2013). Defining social responsibility: A matter of philosophocial urgency for university. Available at: http://WWW.guninetwork.org/resources/hearticle/d efiningsocial-responsibiliy-a-matter-of-urgency-forphilosophy-anduniversities. 8(2), 12-29.
Walker, M. (2011). The process of organizational identity: What are the roles of social responsiveness, organizational image, and identification?. Journal of Sport Management, 25(5), 489-505.
Zhu, Y., Sun, L. Y., & Leung, A. S. (2014). Corporate social responsibility, firm reputation, and firm performance: The role of ethical leadership. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 31(4), 925-947.
