Presenting a Model to Examine the Factors Influencing Audit Performance Using a Risk-Based Approach and Assessing Independent Audit Quality
Subject Areas : Ethics and accounting
1 - Assistant Professor, Department of Accounting, Qods City Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Keywords: Audit quality, Risk management, Audit performance, Structural equation modeling technique, Information technology.,
Abstract :
Purpose: This research examines the factors that affect audit performance using a risk-based approach and audit quality. It also explores the relationship between the risk-based approach and independent audit quality. Method: The data collection tool in this research is a questionnaire. To investigate the effective factors, this study targeted 500 professional auditors, but only 384 of them responded to the research questionnaire. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses of this research. Findings: The findings of this research, obtained by analyzing data using structural equation modeling, reveal a positive relationship between auditors' ability, information technology support, the competitive power of auditing companies, audit costs, customer risks using a risk-based approach, and quality of independent audits. Conversely, there is a negative relationship between work pressure on auditors and the use of a risk-based approach, as well as the quality of independent audits. Additionally, the risk-based approach has a positive and significant impact on the quality of independent audits. Conclusion: In auditing, auditors are bound to face both tangible and intangible pressures. Nevertheless, by adopting systematic work organization methods, maintaining a positive attitude, and prioritizing their physical well-being, auditors can effectively manage and alleviate these pressures. Furthermore, audit firms ought to introduce incentive and reward schemes to boost motivation and job satisfaction, foster a supportive atmosphere for auditors to exchange experiences, and facilitate continuous learning.
References:
بابازاده، الهام؛ جوادی، اکبر؛ مشهدی قره قیه، هادی (1395). ویژگی‌های موثر بر کیفیت حسابرسی فناوری اطلاعات. در: تهران: پنجمین کنفرانس بین‌المللی حسابداری و مدیریت؛ و دومین کنفرانس کارآفرینی و نوآوری‌های باز.
پورسعید، عباس؛ محمدی‌پور، رحمت‌اله (1398). امکان‌سنجی استقرار نظام حسابرسی داخلی مبتنی بر ریسک در دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی کشور. پژوهش‌های حسابداری مالی و حسابرسی، 11(41)، ص229-262.
رضاخانی، مجید؛ دادبه، فاطمه (1400). نقش حسابرسی داخلی در مدیریت ریسک جامع شرکت‌های بیمه در ایران. پژوهشنامه بیمه (صنعت بیمه)، 10(1)، ص147-170. http://dx.doi.org/10.22056/ijir.2021.01.06
کریم‌آبادی، محمد؛ جهانگیرنیا، حسین؛ حاجیها، زهره؛ غلامی جمکرانی، رضا (1401). ارزیابی معیارهای آیین رفتار حرفه‌ای در کیفیت حرفه حسابرسی مستقل. پژوهش‌های حسابداری مالی و حسابرسی، 14(55)، ص79-101.
Abdallah, A.A.J., Mssadeh, A.A.D. & Othman, O.H. (2015). Measuring the impact of business risks on the quality of the auditing process. Review of Integrative Business Economics Research, 4(2), p. 171–181.
Abdullatif, M. & Al-Khadash, H. (2010). Putting audit approaches in context: The case of business risk audits in Jordan. International Journal of Auditing, 14(1), p.1–24.
Abdul-Rahman, O.A., Benjamin, A.O. & Olayinka, O.H. (2017). Effect of audit fees on audit quality: Evidence from cement manufacturing companies in Nigeria. European Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance Research, 5(1), p. 6–17.
Alaraji, F.A.A.S., Al-Dulaimi, Z.Y.S., Sabri, T.M.M. & Ion, E.I. (2017). Factors affecting the quality of external auditing services. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Business Excellence (pp. 557−568).
Albrecht, C., Albrecht, C.C., Wareham, J. & Fox, P. (2006). The role of power and negotiation in online deception. Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law, 1(4), p. 29–48.
Al-Khaddash, H., Al Nawas, R. & Ramadan, A. (2013). Factors affecting the quality of auditing: The case of Jordanian commercial banks. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 4(11), p. 206–222.
Allaham, T., Nassar, A.M., & Reesh, S.A. (2017). Factors affecting the application of business risk audit methodology in Jordanian commercial banks. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 8(7), p. 229–236.
Andersen, T.J. (Ed.). (2006). Perspectives on strategic risk management. Køge, Denmark: Copenhagen Business School Press.
Barta, G. (2018). The increasing role of IT auditors in financial audit: Risks and intelligent answers. Business, Management and Education, 16(1), p. 81–93.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/ bme.2018.2142.
Bedard, J.C., Graham, L. & Jackson, C. (2005). Information systems risk and audit planning. International Journal of Auditing, 9(2), p.147–163.
Bell, B., Peecher, E. & Solomon, I. (2005). The 21st century public company audit: Con ceptual elements of KPMG’s global audit methodology. Montvale, NJ: KPMG.
Bell, T.B., Landsman, W.R. & Shackelford, D.A. (2001). Auditors' perceived business risk and audit fees: Analysis and evidence. Journal of Accounting research, 39(1), p. 35-43.
Bell, T.B., Marrs, F.O., Solomon, I. & Thomas, I. (1997). Auditing organizations through a strategic systems lens. Montvale, NJ: KPMG.
Berry, L., Bennett, D. & Brown, C. (1989). Service quality: A profit strategy for financial institutions. USA: Dow Jones Irwin.
Bierstaker, J.L., Burnaby, P. & Thibodeau, J. (2001). The impact of information technology on the audit process: an assessment of the state of the art and implications for the future. Managerial Auditing Journal, 16(3), p.159-164.
Boon, K., McKinnon, J. & Ross, P. (2008). Audit service quality in compulsory audit tendering: Preparer perceptions and satisfaction. Accounting Research Journal, 21(2), p. 93-122.
Bryman, A. (2012). Social research methods (4th ed.). New York, USA: Oxford University Press.
Choi, J.H., Kim, J.B. & Zang, Y. (2006). The association between audit quality and abnormal audit fees. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.848067
Curtis, E. & Turley, S. (2007). The business risk audit–A longitudinal case study of an audit engagement. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 32(4-5), p. 439-461.
Danescu, T. & Chira, A. (2014). Professional judgment and reticence to apply sampling techniques. Procedia Economics and Finance, 15, p. 1253-1258.
DeAngelo, L.E. (1981). Auditor independence, ‘low balling’, and disclosure regulation. Journal of accounting and Economics, 3(2), p. 113-127.
DeFond, M. & Zhang, J. (2014). A review of archival auditing research. Journal of accounting and economics, 58(2-3), p. 275-326.
Dicksee, L.R. (1904). Auditing: A practice manual for auditors. London: Gee & Co.
Do, H.H. (2015). The factors affect the quality of financial statements audit in Vietnam businesses. Asian Social Science, 11(27).
Dye, R.A. (1993). Auditing standards, legal liability, and auditor wealth. Journal of political Economy, 101(5), p. 887-914.
Eilifsen, A., Knechel, W.R. & Wallage, P. (2001). Application of the business risk audit model: A field study. Accounting Horizons, 15(3), p.193-207.
Eshleman, J.D. & Guo, P. (2014). Abnormal audit fees and audit quality: The importance of considering managerial incentives in tests of earnings management. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 33(1), p.117-138.
Fitriany, V.S. & Anggraita, V. (2016). Impact of abnormal audit fee to audit quality: Indonesian case study. American Journal of Economics, 6(1), p.72-78
Fogarty, J.A., Graham, L. & Schubert, D.R. (2006). Assessing and responding to risks in a financial statement audit. Journal of Accountancy, 202(1), p. 43.
Francis, J.R. (2011). A framework for understanding and researching audit quality. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 30(2), p.125-152.
Gibson, M.S. (2003). Is corporate governance ineffective in emerging markets? Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 38(1), p. 231-250.
Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J. & Anderson, R.E. (2009). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall International.
Hanson, A.W. (1942). Auditing: Theory and its application. New York, USA: McGraw-Hill Book Company Inc.
Hayes, A.A. (2006). Huddle, huddle, toil and trouble: A time to Re-examine the curse of the expectation gap. The Journal of Government Financial Management, 55(4), p. 68-70.
Higgs, J.L. & Skantz, T.R. (2006). Audit and non-audit fees and the market's reaction to earnings announcements. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 25(1), p.1-26.
Houston, R.W., Peters, M.F. & Pratt, J.H. (1999). The audit risk model, business risk and audit-planning decisions. The Accounting Review,74(3), p. 281-298
Johnstone, K.M., Bedard, J.C. & Ettredge, M.L. (2004). The effect of competitive bidding on engagement planning and pricing. Contemporary Accounting Research, 21(1), p. 25-53.
Khalifa, R., Sharma, N., Humphrey, C. & Robson, K. (2007). Discourse and audit change: ransformations in methodology in the professional audit field. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 20(6), p. 825-854.
Knechel, W.R. (2007). The business risk audit: Origins, obstacles and opportunities. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 32(4−5), p. 383–408.
Kochetova-Kozloski, N. & Messier, W.F. (2011). Strategic analysis and auditor risk judgments. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 30(4), p.149–171.
Kutum, I., Fraser, I. & Hussainey, K. (2015). The application of business risk audit methodology within non-Big-4 firms. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, 13(2), p. 226–246.
Le, T.T. & Nguyen, T.M.A. (2020). The adoption of risk-based audit approach in the independent audit firms: A study of case of Vietnam. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business (JAFEB), 7(2), p. 89–97.
Le, T.T., Nguyen, T.M.A. & Ngo, T.H.C. (2022). Risk-based approach and quality of independent audit using structure equation modeling–Evidence from Vietnam. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 28(3).
Lennox, C.S. (1999). Audit quality and auditor size: An evaluation of reputation anddeep pockets hypotheses. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 26(7−8), p. 779-805.
Low, K.Y. (2004). The effects of industry specialization on audit risk assessments and audit-planning decisions. The Accounting Review, 79(1), p. 201-219.
Margheim, L., Kelley, T. & Pattison, D. (2011). An empirical analysis of the effects of auditor time budget pressure and time deadline pressure. Journal of Applied Business Research, 21(1), p. 23-35.
Mawutor, J.K.M., Francis, B. & Obeng, A.D. (2019). Assessment of factors affecting audit quality: a study of selected companies listed on the Ghana Stock Exchange. International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting, 9(2), p. 436-449.
Mock, T.J. & Wright, A.M. (1999). Are audit program plans risk-adjusted? Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 18(1), p. 55-74.
Moroney, R. & Simnett, R. (2009). Differences in industry specialist knowledge and business risk identification and evaluation. Behavioral Research in Accounting, 21(2), p. 73-89.
Nazmi, E., Arori, I.M.S. & Ibrahim, M.R. (2017). The factors affect business risk audit and their impact on the external auditing quality in Jordanian commercial banks (Case study). European Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance Research, 5(5), p.1–17.
Nguyen, T. & Le, T. (2019). Auditing financial statements in insurance enterprises: The case of Vietnam. Management Science Letters, 9(2), p. 313–324.
Owhoso, V.E., Messier, W.F. & Lynch, J.G. (2002). Error detection by industryspecialized teams during sequential audit review. Journal of Accounting Research, 40(3), p. 883–900.
Paino, H., Smith, M. & Ismail, Z. (2013). Auditor acceptance of dysfunctional behaviour: An explanatory model using individual factors. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 13(1), p. 37–55.
Pham, N.K., Duong, H.N., Pham, T.Q. & Ho, N.T.T. (2017). Audit firm size, audit fee, audit reputation and audit quality: The case of listed companies in Vietnam. Asian Journal of Finance & Accounting, 9(1), p. 429–447.
Phan, T.H., Chuc, A.T. & Le, D.T. (2019). Research on factors affecting organizational structure operating mechanism and audit quality: An empirical study in Vietnam. Journal of Business Economics & Management, 20(3), p. 526–545.
Phua, L.K., Lau, A.H.P. & Chris, P. (2011). Competitive advantages of audit firms in the era of international financial. 2010 International Conference on E-business, Management and Economics (pp. 308−313). IACSIT Press.
Prinsloo, J. (2008). Development and evaluation of risk-based audit approaches. Bloemfontein, South Africa: University of Free State Doctoral dissertation.
Robson, K., Humphrey, C., Khalifa, R. & Jones, J. (2007). Transforming audit technologies: Business risk audit methodologies and the audit field. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 32(4−5),
p. 409–438.
Sandra, W.M.H. & Patrick, P.H.N. (1996). The determinants of audit fees in Hong Kong: An empirical study. Asian Review of Accounting, 4(2), p. 32–50.
Sardasht, M.S. & Rashedi, E. (2018). Identifying influencing factors of audit risk model: A combined fuzzy ANP-DEMATEL approach. The International Journal of Digital Accounting Research, 18(24), p. 69–117.
Shu, S.Z. (2000). Auditor resignations: Clientele effects and legal liability. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 29(2), p. 173–205.
Sulanjaku, M. & Shingjergji, A. (2015). An Overview of Factors Affecting Auditing Quality in Albania. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 4(3), p. 223.
Tarek, M., Mohamed, E.K., Hussain, M.M. & Basuony, M.A. (2017). The implication of information technology on the audit profession in developing country. International Journal of Accounting & Information Management, 25(2), p. 237–255.
Tobi, B.A., Osasrere, A.O. & Emmanuel, U. (2016). Auditor’s independence and audit quality: A study of selected deposit money banks in Nigeria. International Journal of Finance and Accounting, 5(1), p. 13–21.
Umar, M., Sitorus, S.M., Surya, R.L., Shauki, E.R. & Diyanti, V. (2017). Pressure, dysfunctional behaviour, fraud detection and role of information technology in the audit process. Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal, 11(4), p. 102–115.
Van Buuren, J., Koch, C., van Nieuw Amerongen, N. & Wright, A.M. (2014). The use of business risk audit perspectives by non-Big 4 audit firms. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 33(3), p.105–128.
بابازاده، الهام؛ جوادی، اکبر؛ مشهدی قره قیه، هادی (1395). ویژگی‌های موثر بر کیفیت حسابرسی فناوری اطلاعات. در: تهران: پنجمین کنفرانس بین‌المللی حسابداری و مدیریت؛ و دومین کنفرانس کارآفرینی و نوآوری‌های باز.
پورسعید، عباس؛ محمدی‌پور، رحمت‌اله (1398). امکان‌سنجی استقرار نظام حسابرسی داخلی مبتنی بر ریسک در دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی کشور. پژوهش‌های حسابداری مالی و حسابرسی، 11(41)، ص229-262.
رضاخانی، مجید؛ دادبه، فاطمه (1400). نقش حسابرسی داخلی در مدیریت ریسک جامع شرکت‌های بیمه در ایران. پژوهشنامه بیمه (صنعت بیمه)، 10(1)، ص147-170. http://dx.doi.org/10.22056/ijir.2021.01.06
کریم‌آبادی، محمد؛ جهانگیرنیا، حسین؛ حاجیها، زهره؛ غلامی جمکرانی، رضا (1401). ارزیابی معیارهای آیین رفتار حرفه‌ای در کیفیت حرفه حسابرسی مستقل. پژوهش‌های حسابداری مالی و حسابرسی، 14(55)، ص79-101.
Abdallah, A.A.J., Mssadeh, A.A.D. & Othman, O.H. (2015). Measuring the impact of business risks on the quality of the auditing process. Review of Integrative Business Economics Research, 4(2), p. 171–181.
Abdullatif, M. & Al-Khadash, H. (2010). Putting audit approaches in context: The case of business risk audits in Jordan. International Journal of Auditing, 14(1), p.1–24.
Abdul-Rahman, O.A., Benjamin, A.O. & Olayinka, O.H. (2017). Effect of audit fees on audit quality: Evidence from cement manufacturing companies in Nigeria. European Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance Research, 5(1), p. 6–17.
Alaraji, F.A.A.S., Al-Dulaimi, Z.Y.S., Sabri, T.M.M. & Ion, E.I. (2017). Factors affecting the quality of external auditing services. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Business Excellence (pp. 557−568).
Albrecht, C., Albrecht, C.C., Wareham, J. & Fox, P. (2006). The role of power and negotiation in online deception. Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law, 1(4), p. 29–48.
Al-Khaddash, H., Al Nawas, R. & Ramadan, A. (2013). Factors affecting the quality of auditing: The case of Jordanian commercial banks. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 4(11), p. 206–222.
Allaham, T., Nassar, A.M., & Reesh, S.A. (2017). Factors affecting the application of business risk audit methodology in Jordanian commercial banks. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 8(7), p. 229–236.
Andersen, T.J. (Ed.). (2006). Perspectives on strategic risk management. Køge, Denmark: Copenhagen Business School Press.
Barta, G. (2018). The increasing role of IT auditors in financial audit: Risks and intelligent answers. Business, Management and Education, 16(1), p. 81–93.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/ bme.2018.2142.
Bedard, J.C., Graham, L. & Jackson, C. (2005). Information systems risk and audit planning. International Journal of Auditing, 9(2), p.147–163.
Bell, B., Peecher, E. & Solomon, I. (2005). The 21st century public company audit: Con ceptual elements of KPMG’s global audit methodology. Montvale, NJ: KPMG.
Bell, T.B., Landsman, W.R. & Shackelford, D.A. (2001). Auditors' perceived business risk and audit fees: Analysis and evidence. Journal of Accounting research, 39(1), p. 35-43.
Bell, T.B., Marrs, F.O., Solomon, I. & Thomas, I. (1997). Auditing organizations through a strategic systems lens. Montvale, NJ: KPMG.
Berry, L., Bennett, D. & Brown, C. (1989). Service quality: A profit strategy for financial institutions. USA: Dow Jones Irwin.
Bierstaker, J.L., Burnaby, P. & Thibodeau, J. (2001). The impact of information technology on the audit process: an assessment of the state of the art and implications for the future. Managerial Auditing Journal, 16(3), p.159-164.
Boon, K., McKinnon, J. & Ross, P. (2008). Audit service quality in compulsory audit tendering: Preparer perceptions and satisfaction. Accounting Research Journal, 21(2), p. 93-122.
Bryman, A. (2012). Social research methods (4th ed.). New York, USA: Oxford University Press.
Choi, J.H., Kim, J.B. & Zang, Y. (2006). The association between audit quality and abnormal audit fees. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.848067
Curtis, E. & Turley, S. (2007). The business risk audit–A longitudinal case study of an audit engagement. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 32(4-5), p. 439-461.
Danescu, T. & Chira, A. (2014). Professional judgment and reticence to apply sampling techniques. Procedia Economics and Finance, 15, p. 1253-1258.
DeAngelo, L.E. (1981). Auditor independence, ‘low balling’, and disclosure regulation. Journal of accounting and Economics, 3(2), p. 113-127.
DeFond, M. & Zhang, J. (2014). A review of archival auditing research. Journal of accounting and economics, 58(2-3), p. 275-326.
Dicksee, L.R. (1904). Auditing: A practice manual for auditors. London: Gee & Co.
Do, H.H. (2015). The factors affect the quality of financial statements audit in Vietnam businesses. Asian Social Science, 11(27).
Dye, R.A. (1993). Auditing standards, legal liability, and auditor wealth. Journal of political Economy, 101(5), p. 887-914.
Eilifsen, A., Knechel, W.R. & Wallage, P. (2001). Application of the business risk audit model: A field study. Accounting Horizons, 15(3), p.193-207.
Eshleman, J.D. & Guo, P. (2014). Abnormal audit fees and audit quality: The importance of considering managerial incentives in tests of earnings management. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 33(1), p.117-138.
Fitriany, V.S. & Anggraita, V. (2016). Impact of abnormal audit fee to audit quality: Indonesian case study. American Journal of Economics, 6(1), p.72-78
Fogarty, J.A., Graham, L. & Schubert, D.R. (2006). Assessing and responding to risks in a financial statement audit. Journal of Accountancy, 202(1), p. 43.
Francis, J.R. (2011). A framework for understanding and researching audit quality. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 30(2), p.125-152.
Gibson, M.S. (2003). Is corporate governance ineffective in emerging markets? Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 38(1), p. 231-250.
Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J. & Anderson, R.E. (2009). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall International.
Hanson, A.W. (1942). Auditing: Theory and its application. New York, USA: McGraw-Hill Book Company Inc.
Hayes, A.A. (2006). Huddle, huddle, toil and trouble: A time to Re-examine the curse of the expectation gap. The Journal of Government Financial Management, 55(4), p. 68-70.
Higgs, J.L. & Skantz, T.R. (2006). Audit and non-audit fees and the market's reaction to earnings announcements. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 25(1), p.1-26.
Houston, R.W., Peters, M.F. & Pratt, J.H. (1999). The audit risk model, business risk and audit-planning decisions. The Accounting Review,74(3), p. 281-298
Johnstone, K.M., Bedard, J.C. & Ettredge, M.L. (2004). The effect of competitive bidding on engagement planning and pricing. Contemporary Accounting Research, 21(1), p. 25-53.
Khalifa, R., Sharma, N., Humphrey, C. & Robson, K. (2007). Discourse and audit change: ransformations in methodology in the professional audit field. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 20(6), p. 825-854.
Knechel, W.R. (2007). The business risk audit: Origins, obstacles and opportunities. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 32(4−5), p. 383–408.
Kochetova-Kozloski, N. & Messier, W.F. (2011). Strategic analysis and auditor risk judgments. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 30(4), p.149–171.
Kutum, I., Fraser, I. & Hussainey, K. (2015). The application of business risk audit methodology within non-Big-4 firms. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, 13(2), p. 226–246.
Le, T.T. & Nguyen, T.M.A. (2020). The adoption of risk-based audit approach in the independent audit firms: A study of case of Vietnam. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business (JAFEB), 7(2), p. 89–97.
Le, T.T., Nguyen, T.M.A. & Ngo, T.H.C. (2022). Risk-based approach and quality of independent audit using structure equation modeling–Evidence from Vietnam. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 28(3).
Lennox, C.S. (1999). Audit quality and auditor size: An evaluation of reputation anddeep pockets hypotheses. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 26(7−8), p. 779-805.
Low, K.Y. (2004). The effects of industry specialization on audit risk assessments and audit-planning decisions. The Accounting Review, 79(1), p. 201-219.
Margheim, L., Kelley, T. & Pattison, D. (2011). An empirical analysis of the effects of auditor time budget pressure and time deadline pressure. Journal of Applied Business Research, 21(1), p. 23-35.
Mawutor, J.K.M., Francis, B. & Obeng, A.D. (2019). Assessment of factors affecting audit quality: a study of selected companies listed on the Ghana Stock Exchange. International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting, 9(2), p. 436-449.
Mock, T.J. & Wright, A.M. (1999). Are audit program plans risk-adjusted? Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 18(1), p. 55-74.
Moroney, R. & Simnett, R. (2009). Differences in industry specialist knowledge and business risk identification and evaluation. Behavioral Research in Accounting, 21(2), p. 73-89.
Nazmi, E., Arori, I.M.S. & Ibrahim, M.R. (2017). The factors affect business risk audit and their impact on the external auditing quality in Jordanian commercial banks (Case study). European Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance Research, 5(5), p.1–17.
Nguyen, T. & Le, T. (2019). Auditing financial statements in insurance enterprises: The case of Vietnam. Management Science Letters, 9(2), p. 313–324.
Owhoso, V.E., Messier, W.F. & Lynch, J.G. (2002). Error detection by industryspecialized teams during sequential audit review. Journal of Accounting Research, 40(3), p. 883–900.
Paino, H., Smith, M. & Ismail, Z. (2013). Auditor acceptance of dysfunctional behaviour: An explanatory model using individual factors. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 13(1), p. 37–55.
Pham, N.K., Duong, H.N., Pham, T.Q. & Ho, N.T.T. (2017). Audit firm size, audit fee, audit reputation and audit quality: The case of listed companies in Vietnam. Asian Journal of Finance & Accounting, 9(1), p. 429–447.
Phan, T.H., Chuc, A.T. & Le, D.T. (2019). Research on factors affecting organizational structure operating mechanism and audit quality: An empirical study in Vietnam. Journal of Business Economics & Management, 20(3), p. 526–545.
Phua, L.K., Lau, A.H.P. & Chris, P. (2011). Competitive advantages of audit firms in the era of international financial. 2010 International Conference on E-business, Management and Economics (pp. 308−313). IACSIT Press.
Prinsloo, J. (2008). Development and evaluation of risk-based audit approaches. Bloemfontein, South Africa: University of Free State Doctoral dissertation.
Robson, K., Humphrey, C., Khalifa, R. & Jones, J. (2007). Transforming audit technologies: Business risk audit methodologies and the audit field. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 32(4−5),
p. 409–438.
Sandra, W.M.H. & Patrick, P.H.N. (1996). The determinants of audit fees in Hong Kong: An empirical study. Asian Review of Accounting, 4(2), p. 32–50.
Sardasht, M.S. & Rashedi, E. (2018). Identifying influencing factors of audit risk model: A combined fuzzy ANP-DEMATEL approach. The International Journal of Digital Accounting Research, 18(24), p. 69–117.
Shu, S.Z. (2000). Auditor resignations: Clientele effects and legal liability. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 29(2), p. 173–205.
Sulanjaku, M. & Shingjergji, A. (2015). An Overview of Factors Affecting Auditing Quality in Albania. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 4(3), p. 223.
Tarek, M., Mohamed, E.K., Hussain, M.M. & Basuony, M.A. (2017). The implication of information technology on the audit profession in developing country. International Journal of Accounting & Information Management, 25(2), p. 237–255.
Tobi, B.A., Osasrere, A.O. & Emmanuel, U. (2016). Auditor’s independence and audit quality: A study of selected deposit money banks in Nigeria. International Journal of Finance and Accounting, 5(1), p. 13–21.
Umar, M., Sitorus, S.M., Surya, R.L., Shauki, E.R. & Diyanti, V. (2017). Pressure, dysfunctional behaviour, fraud detection and role of information technology in the audit process. Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal, 11(4), p. 102–115.
Van Buuren, J., Koch, C., van Nieuw Amerongen, N. & Wright, A.M. (2014). The use of business risk audit perspectives by non-Big 4 audit firms. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 33(3), p.105–128.
