Determination of optimal percent mixing of cardboard waste in production of non-load bearing concrete

Subject Areas : environmental management

Daryoush  Yousefi Kebria ¹ (Assistant professor, Department of Civil & Environmental engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran.)
Seyyedeh Fatemeh  Seyyedalipour ² (MSc in Environmental engineering Department of Civil & Environmental engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran)
Mehdi  Dehestani ³ (Assistant professor, Department of Civil & Eenvironmental engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran.)

Received: 2013-12-10 Accepted : 2014-02-01 Published : 2015-09-23

Keywords: Industrial Wastes, Recycled Paperboard Mill, Non-load Bearing Lightweight C, Compressive Strength,

Abstract :

incineration and disposal methods for their waste production. Hazardous substances contained in thesewastes can contaminate the environment and cause a risk for the human health. Many recent studiesshow that some of the paper and cardboard industry wastes can be used as raw material in theconstruction industry. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal percent mixing of cardboardwaste in production of non-load bearing concrete.Materials and method: In this study, two kinds of recycled paperboard mill wastes (type 1: wastecontains cardboard and sand and type 2: waste containing nylon, cardboard and Yonolit) that have themost volume of the wastes were used. Physical and microbial characteristic of wastes were measuredaccording to ASTM. As well as the chemical composition of the waste consists of various elementswere measured by using an electron microscope. After preparation of the samples, the required testswere carried out to determine the optimal mixture of waste in concrete at the ages of 7, 14 and 28 daysrespectively.Results: Since the pH of fresh concrete containing waste is greater than 12, can be sure that therewill not be any microbiological problem. In general, the use of waste in concrete production reducesthe compressive strength of the samples. Comparing the compressive strength of concrete containingwaste type 1 and concrete samples containing both waste types shows that reducing the amount ofwaste type 2 in compare with waste type 1 improves concrete strength. The results of dry density testshow the density decrease of concrete samples containing waste by increasing the percentage of wastereplacing in the sand. Also using of waste type 2 causes lighter concrete samples in compare withusing waste type 1. Optimal amounts of waste replacement instead of sand for samples containingwaste type 1 and type 2, 70% and 75% ,respectively, as well as for samples containing both wastetypes, 49% of waste type 1 and 21% waste type 2.1- Assistant professor, Department of Civil & Environmental engineering, Babol Noshirvani University ofTechnology, Babol, Iran.2- MSc in Environmental engineering Department of Civil & Environmental engineering, Babol NoshirvaniUniversity of Technology, Babol, Iran.3- 1-Assistant professor, Department of Civil & Eenvironmental engineering, Babol Noshirvani University ofTechnology, Babol, Iran.J.Env.Sci,TechJ.Env. Sci. Tech., Vol 17, No.3, Autumn 2015203Conclusion: According to the results, in terms of economic and environmental benefits, the use ofwaste type 1 in the production of concrete for the lower use of cement is more satisfactory. The use ofpaperboard mill wastes in the production of concrete due to environmental and economical efficiency(profitability and employment, reducing the cost of transferring waste to landfills, reducing structuralweight, using waste instead of buying sand and reduce the environmental pollution caused byincineration and landfilling) is noticeable.

References:

1. Ayomoh M.K.O., Oke S.A., Adedeji W.O., Charles-Owaba O.E., (2008). "An approach to tackling the environmental and health impacts of municipal solid waste disposal in developing countries". Journal of Environmental Management, Volume 88, Issue 1: 108-114.


2. برزگر شیری، مصطفی، (1390). معرفی امکان ساخت فراورده ی چند سازه چوب- سیمان با استفاده از ضایعات لیگنوسلولزی:  drmb75.blogfa.com/post-67.aspx:http://iranwood.fay.ir.


3. عمرانی، قاسمعلی و همکاران، "بررسی معیارهای مکان­یابی ایستگاه انتقال زباله منطقه 22 کلان شهر تهران از نظر ملاحظات زیست محیطی هوا و شیرابه"، مجله علوم و تکنولوژی محیط زیست، تابستان1391، دوره 14، شماره 2.


4. علیٌ، محمد، "تولید آجر فوق سبک سلولوزی با استفاده از بازیافت زباله­های سلولزی خشک"، (1388)، پارک علم و فناوری استان آذربایجان شرقی، تبریز.  
   
   
   1. S. Wiegand Paul, P. Unwin Jay, (1994). "Alternative management of pulp and paper industry solid wastes", Tappi Journal, Vol. 77: 91-97.
   
   
   2. Monte MC, Fuente E., Blanco A., Negro C., (2009). "Waste management from pulp and paper production in the European Union", waste management, Vol. 29, No. 1: 293-308.
   
   
   3. SeyyedAlipour Fatemeh, Yousefi Kebria Daryosh, Dehestani Mehdi. "Application of paper making industry wastes in construction materials". 7th National Congress on Civil Engineering: 7-8 May 2013 University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran. http://www.civilica.com/Paper-NCCE07-NCCE07_1388.html.
   
   
   4. Martinez Carmen, Cotes Teresa, A. Corpas Francisco, (2012). "Recovering wastes from the paper industry: Development of ceramic materials", Fuel Processing Technology, No. 103: 117-124.
   
   
   5. Sutcu Mucahit, Akkurt Sedat, (2010). "Utilization of recycled paper processing residues and clay of different sources for the production of porous anorthite ceramics", Journal of the European Ceramic Society, Vol.30, No. 8: 1785–1793.
   
   
   6. Ismail Mohammad, Ismail ME, Lau SK, Muhammad Bala, Majid Zaiton, (2010). "Fabrication of bricks from paper sludge and palm oil fuel ash", Concrete Research Letters, 1(2): 60-66.
   
   
   7. British Standards Institution. BS 6073 Part2. Precast concrete masonry units guide for specifying precast concrete masonry units. (2008).
   
   
   8. Philadelphia PA: American Society for Testing and Materials. C33-01 Standard Specification for concrete aggregates, Annual Book of Astm Standards. (2004).
   
   
   9. Min Li, Jun Xiang, Song Hu, Lu-Shi Sun, Sheng Su, Pei-Sheng Li, Xue-Xin Sun, (2004).  "Characterization of solid residues from municipal solid waste incinerator", Fuel, 83(10): 1397-1405.
   
   
   10. Philadelphia PA: American Society for Testing and Materials. D4980-89 Standard Test Methods for Screening of pH in Waste, Annual Book of Astm Standards. (2003). 
   
   
   11. British Standards Institution. BS 1881 Part116. Metod for determination of compressive strength of concrete cubes. London. (1983). 
   
   
   12. Philadelphia PA: American Society for Testing and Materials. C 642-97 Standard Test Method for Density, Absorption, and Voids in Hardened Concrete, Annual Book of Astm Standards. (2004). 
   
   
   13. Philadelphia PA: American Society for Testing and Materials. C 129-11 Standard Specification for Nonloadbearing Concrete Masonry Units, Annual Book of Astm Standards. (2004).
   
   
   14. Bitton, Gabriel. Wastewater Microbiology. 3^rd edition, A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION, (2005).
   
   
   15. SeyyedAlipour Fatemeh, Yousefi Kebria Daryosh, Ranjbar Malidarreh Nima, Norouznejad Ghasem, (2014). "Study of Utilization of Pulp and Paper Industry Wastes in Production of Concrete", International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, 4(1): 115-122.
   
   
   16. H. Yun, H. Jung, C. Choi, (2007). "Mechanical Properties of Papercrete Containing Waste Paper", 18th International Conference on Composite Materials.
   
   
   17. Li H., Xiao H.G., Yuan J., Ou J., (2005). "Microstructure of cement mortar with nano-particles", Composites: Part B, 35: 185-189.
   
   
   18. Ji T., (2005). "Preliminary study on the water permeability and microstructure of concrete incorporating nano-SiO₂", Cement and Concrete Research, 35, 1943-1947.
   
   
   19. Ye Q., (2001). "Study and Development of Nano – Composite Cement-Based Material", Gypsum and Cement for Building, 11: 4-6.
   
   
   20. لطفی عمران، امید.”بررسی خصوصیات مکانیکی بتن خود تراکم الیافی حاوی ذرات نانوسیلیس“، پایان‌نامه کارشناسی ارشد عمران-سازه، دانشگاه صنعتی نوشیروانی بابل،دانشکده مهندسی عمران، 1390. 
       
       
       1. Rahyan Fadila, Mohd Zailan Suleiman, Norizal Md. Noordin, (2008). "Paper Fiber Reinforced Foam Concrete Wall Paneling System", 2nd International Conference On Built Environment In Developing Countries (ICBEDC).
       
       
       2. A Balwaik Sumit, Raut, S P, (2012). "Utilization of Waste Paper Pulp by Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete", International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, 1 (2): 300-309.