Effects of foliar application of salicylic acid on growth characteristics of lolium grass under salt stress condition
Subject Areas : environmental managementMasoud Moghadam Yar 1 , Mohammad Kazem Souri 2 , Elham Motalebi 3 , Mahmoud Reza Rouzban 4
1 - MSc in Horticulture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
2 - Assistant Professor, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. * (Corresponding Author)
3 - Assistant Professor, Department of Horticulture, Azad University of Garmsar, Garmsar, Iran.
4 - Assistant Professor, Department of Horticulture, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran.
Keywords: Grass, lolium, proline, Salinity, salicylic acid,
Abstract :
Background and Objective: in agriculture, increase of water and soil salinity represents a main challenge. Salinity affects plant growth and productivity in various ways. On the other hand, compounds such as salicylic acid through signaling systems, can result in some resistance in plants. In this study, the effects of foliar application of salicylic acid with different concentrations on lolium growth and development were investigated under various salinity levels. Method: This study was done as a factorial based on completely randomized design. Salicylic acid was sprayed on plants in 4 concentrations of 0, 100, 200 and 300 mg/L, and soil salinity was applied at 3 levels of 3-4, 6-7 and 9-10 dS/m using NaCl. Different plant growth and development factors were evaluated at two periods of middle and end of experiment. Findings: The results of present experiment showed that salinity as well as spray of salicylic acid was effective on many morphological and physiological traits of lolium plants. At the first harvest, the highest shoot fresh and dry weight were observed in treatments with high salinity, while chlorophyll index and plant height decreased by increasing salinity levels. In the second harvest, plant height and other growth-related traits were distinctly decreased by increasing salinity levels. Spray of salicylic acid resulted in higher root fresh and dry weight as compared to control plants, while it showed no effects on shoot fresh and dry weight. Discussion and Conclusion: It was concluded that application of salicylic acid could reduce salinity effects on lolium plants.
1- Tirani, M., and Kalantary, K.H. 2007. Evaluation salycilic acid effects on some growth and biochemical parameters of rape under water stress. Biology J. 65: 28-55 (In Persian).
2- Adavi, Z., Mobli, M. and Razmjo, K.H. 2006. Effects of salinity level of irrigation water on African lawn cultivars (Cynodondactylon) under soil salinity in Esfahan. Natural Resources and Agricultural Technology. 10: 179-190 (In Persian).
3- Souri, M.K. 2016. Aminochelate fertilizers: the new approach to the old problem; a review. Open Agriculture, 1: 118-123.
4- Raskin, I. 1992. Role of salicylic acid in plants. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 43: 463-739.
5- Senaratna, T., Touchell, D., Bunn, E., Dixon, K. 2000. Acetyl salicylic acid (Asperin) and salicylic acid induce multiple stress tolerance in bean and tomato plants. Plant Growth Reg. 30: 157-161.
6- Shahba, Z., Baghizadeh, A., Vakili, S. M. A., Yazdanpanah, A., and Yosefi, M. 2010. The salicylic acid effect on the tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) sugar, protein and proline contents under salinity stress (NaCl). Journal of Biophysics and Structural Biology, 2(3): 35-41.
7- Sakhabutdinova, A., Fatkhutdinova, D., Bezrukova, M. and Shakirova, F.M. 2003. Salicylic acid prevents the damaging action of stress factors on wheat plants. Bulg J Plant Physiol, 21: 314-319.
8- Asfini Farahani, M., Paknejad, F., Bakhtiari Moghadam, M., Alavi, S. and Hasibi, A. 2012. Effects of different amounts and methods of salycilic acid application on yield and yield components of Cumin. Agronomy and Plant Breeding J., 8: 69-77. (In Persian).
9- Bideshki, A., Arvin, M.J. and Darini, M. 2013. Interactive effects of Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and salicylic acid (SA) on growth parameters, bulb yield and allicin contents of garlic (Allium sativum) under drought stress in field. Intern. J. Agron. Plant Product., 4(2): 271-279.
10- Habibi, Gh. 2013. Effect of salycilic acid on antioxidant systems of some grape cultivars after cold treatment. New Cellular Molecul. Biotechnol. J. 3(9): 101-105 (In Persian).
11- Metwally, A., Finkemeier, I., Georgi, M., and Dietz, K. J. 2003. Salicylic acid alleviates the cadmium toxicity in barley seedlings. Plant Physiology, 132(1): 272-281.
12- Yalpani, N., Silverman, P., Wilson, T. M., Kleier, D. A., and Raskin, I. 1991. Salicylic acid is a systemic signal and an inducer of pathogenesis-related proteins in virus-infected tobacco. The Plant Cell, 3(8): 809-818.
13- Medina, J. H., Gagnon, H., Piché, Y., Ocampo, J. A., Garcı́, J. M., and Vierheilig, H. 2003. Root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is affected by the salicylic acid content of the plant. Plant Science, 164(6): 993-998.
14- Hussain, M., Malik, M. A., Farooq, M., Khan, M. B., Akram, M., & Saleem, M. F. (2009). Exogenous glycinebetaine and salicylic acid application improves water relations, allometry and quality of hybrid sunflower under water deficit conditions. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 195(2): 98-109.
15- Parida, A. K. and Das, A. B. 2005. Salt tolerance and salinity effects on plants: a review. India Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 60: 324-177
16- Tabatabaei, S. J. 2006. Effects of salinity and N on the growth, photosynthesis and N status of olive (Olea europaea L.) trees. Scientia Horticulturae, 108: 432-438
17- Marschner, H. 1995. Mineral nutrition of higher plant. Academic, London.
18- Prasad, M. N. 1996. Plant ecophysiology. Johnwiley and Sons, Inc, New York 542, PP 173-206.
19- Chaudhuri, M. A. 1997. Effect of short term NaCl Stress on water relations and gas exchanges of two jute species .Biol. Plant. 40: 373-380.
20- Cuartero, J., and Fernandez-Munoz, R. 1999. Tomato and salinity. Scientia Horticulturae, 78: 83-125.
21- Gadallah, M. A., 1999. Effect of proline and glycinebetaine on Vicia faba response to salt stress, Biol. Plant. 42: 249-257.
22- Lee, D. H., Kim, Y. S. and Lee, C. B. 2001. The inductive responses of the antioxidant enzymes by salt stress in the rice (Oryza sativa L.). Journal of Plant Physiol. 158: 737-745.
23- Vasyukova, N. I., and Ozeretskovskaya, O. L. 2007. Induced plant resistance and salicylic acid: a review. Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, 43(4): 367-373.
24- Bartoz, G. 1997. Oxidative stress in plants. Acta Physiol. Planta, 19(1): 47-64 .
25- Raskin, I. 1995. Salicylic Acid, in: Plant Hormones. Physiology, Biochemistery and Molecular Biology 2nd Edition.J., Davies ed., Kluwer Acad. Publ. Dordrech, The Netherlands.
26- Borsani, O., Valpuesta, V., and Botella, M. A. 2001. Evidence for a role of salicylic acid in the oxidative damage generated by NaCl and osmotic stress in Arabidopsis seedlings. Plant physiology, 126(3): 1024-1030.
27- Shakirova, F.M., Sakhabutdinova, A.R., Bozrutkova, M.V., Fatkhutdinova, R.A., Fatkhutdinova, D.R. 2003. Changes in the hormonal status of wheat seedlings induced by Salicylic Acid and salinity. Plant Sci., 164: 317-322.
28- Tari, I., Csiszar, J., Szalai, G., Horvath, F., Pecsvaradi, A., Kiss, G., Szepsi, A., Szabo, M., Erdei, L. 2002. Acclimation of tomato plants to salinity stress after a salicylic acid pre-treatment. Acta Biologica, 46 (3-4): 55-56.
29- Glass, A.D.M. 1974. Influence of phenolic acids on ion uptake. IV. Depolarization of membrane potentials. Plant Physiol., 54:855-858
30- Larque, S. A. 1978. The anti transpirant effect of acetyl salicylic acid on phaseolus vulgaris. Physiol. Plant., 43: 126-128
31- Rakwal, R., Agraval, V. P. 2001. Jasmonate, protein phophatase 2A inhibitors and kinetin up – regulate of PR5 expression in cut- responsive rice. J. Plant Physiol., 158: 1357-1362.
32- Dat, J. F., Christine, H. F., Scott, I. M. 1998. Changes in salicylic acid and antioxidants during induced thermotolerance in mustard seedlings. Plant Physiol., 118 (4): 1455-1461.
33- Kang, H. M., and Saltveit, M. E. 2002. Chilling tolerance of maize, cucumber and rice seedling leaves and roots are differentially affected salicylic acid. Physiol. Plant. 115: 571-576.
34- Ogawa, D., Nakajima, N., Sano, T., Tamaoki, M., Aono, M., Kubo, A., Kanna, M., Ioki, M., Kanada, H., Saji, H. 2005. Salicylic Acid and accumulation under o3 exposure is regulated by ethylene in tobacco plants. Plant Cell Physiol., 46: 1062-1072
35- Yalpani, N., Leon, J., Lawton, M. A., Rackin, I. 1992. Pathway of salicylic acid biosynthesis in healthy and virus–inoculated tobacco. Plant Physiol., 103: 315-321.
36- Yang, Z.M., Wang, J., Wang, S. H., Xu, L. 2003. Salicylic Acid – induced aluminum tolerance by modulation of citrate efflux form roots of Cassia tora L. Planta, 17: 168-174.
37- Ahmadi, M., and Souri, M.K. (2018). Growth and mineral elements of coriander (Corianderum sativum L.) plants under mild salinity with different salts. Acta Physiologia Plantarum, 40: 94-99.
1- Tirani, M., and Kalantary, K.H. 2007. Evaluation salycilic acid effects on some growth and biochemical parameters of rape under water stress. Biology J. 65: 28-55 (In Persian).
2- Adavi, Z., Mobli, M. and Razmjo, K.H. 2006. Effects of salinity level of irrigation water on African lawn cultivars (Cynodondactylon) under soil salinity in Esfahan. Natural Resources and Agricultural Technology. 10: 179-190 (In Persian).
3- Souri, M.K. 2016. Aminochelate fertilizers: the new approach to the old problem; a review. Open Agriculture, 1: 118-123.
4- Raskin, I. 1992. Role of salicylic acid in plants. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 43: 463-739.
5- Senaratna, T., Touchell, D., Bunn, E., Dixon, K. 2000. Acetyl salicylic acid (Asperin) and salicylic acid induce multiple stress tolerance in bean and tomato plants. Plant Growth Reg. 30: 157-161.
6- Shahba, Z., Baghizadeh, A., Vakili, S. M. A., Yazdanpanah, A., and Yosefi, M. 2010. The salicylic acid effect on the tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) sugar, protein and proline contents under salinity stress (NaCl). Journal of Biophysics and Structural Biology, 2(3): 35-41.
7- Sakhabutdinova, A., Fatkhutdinova, D., Bezrukova, M. and Shakirova, F.M. 2003. Salicylic acid prevents the damaging action of stress factors on wheat plants. Bulg J Plant Physiol, 21: 314-319.
8- Asfini Farahani, M., Paknejad, F., Bakhtiari Moghadam, M., Alavi, S. and Hasibi, A. 2012. Effects of different amounts and methods of salycilic acid application on yield and yield components of Cumin. Agronomy and Plant Breeding J., 8: 69-77. (In Persian).
9- Bideshki, A., Arvin, M.J. and Darini, M. 2013. Interactive effects of Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and salicylic acid (SA) on growth parameters, bulb yield and allicin contents of garlic (Allium sativum) under drought stress in field. Intern. J. Agron. Plant Product., 4(2): 271-279.
10- Habibi, Gh. 2013. Effect of salycilic acid on antioxidant systems of some grape cultivars after cold treatment. New Cellular Molecul. Biotechnol. J. 3(9): 101-105 (In Persian).
11- Metwally, A., Finkemeier, I., Georgi, M., and Dietz, K. J. 2003. Salicylic acid alleviates the cadmium toxicity in barley seedlings. Plant Physiology, 132(1): 272-281.
12- Yalpani, N., Silverman, P., Wilson, T. M., Kleier, D. A., and Raskin, I. 1991. Salicylic acid is a systemic signal and an inducer of pathogenesis-related proteins in virus-infected tobacco. The Plant Cell, 3(8): 809-818.
13- Medina, J. H., Gagnon, H., Piché, Y., Ocampo, J. A., Garcı́, J. M., and Vierheilig, H. 2003. Root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is affected by the salicylic acid content of the plant. Plant Science, 164(6): 993-998.
14- Hussain, M., Malik, M. A., Farooq, M., Khan, M. B., Akram, M., & Saleem, M. F. (2009). Exogenous glycinebetaine and salicylic acid application improves water relations, allometry and quality of hybrid sunflower under water deficit conditions. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 195(2): 98-109.
15- Parida, A. K. and Das, A. B. 2005. Salt tolerance and salinity effects on plants: a review. India Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 60: 324-177
16- Tabatabaei, S. J. 2006. Effects of salinity and N on the growth, photosynthesis and N status of olive (Olea europaea L.) trees. Scientia Horticulturae, 108: 432-438
17- Marschner, H. 1995. Mineral nutrition of higher plant. Academic, London.
18- Prasad, M. N. 1996. Plant ecophysiology. Johnwiley and Sons, Inc, New York 542, PP 173-206.
19- Chaudhuri, M. A. 1997. Effect of short term NaCl Stress on water relations and gas exchanges of two jute species .Biol. Plant. 40: 373-380.
20- Cuartero, J., and Fernandez-Munoz, R. 1999. Tomato and salinity. Scientia Horticulturae, 78: 83-125.
21- Gadallah, M. A., 1999. Effect of proline and glycinebetaine on Vicia faba response to salt stress, Biol. Plant. 42: 249-257.
22- Lee, D. H., Kim, Y. S. and Lee, C. B. 2001. The inductive responses of the antioxidant enzymes by salt stress in the rice (Oryza sativa L.). Journal of Plant Physiol. 158: 737-745.
23- Vasyukova, N. I., and Ozeretskovskaya, O. L. 2007. Induced plant resistance and salicylic acid: a review. Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, 43(4): 367-373.
24- Bartoz, G. 1997. Oxidative stress in plants. Acta Physiol. Planta, 19(1): 47-64 .
25- Raskin, I. 1995. Salicylic Acid, in: Plant Hormones. Physiology, Biochemistery and Molecular Biology 2nd Edition.J., Davies ed., Kluwer Acad. Publ. Dordrech, The Netherlands.
26- Borsani, O., Valpuesta, V., and Botella, M. A. 2001. Evidence for a role of salicylic acid in the oxidative damage generated by NaCl and osmotic stress in Arabidopsis seedlings. Plant physiology, 126(3): 1024-1030.
27- Shakirova, F.M., Sakhabutdinova, A.R., Bozrutkova, M.V., Fatkhutdinova, R.A., Fatkhutdinova, D.R. 2003. Changes in the hormonal status of wheat seedlings induced by Salicylic Acid and salinity. Plant Sci., 164: 317-322.
28- Tari, I., Csiszar, J., Szalai, G., Horvath, F., Pecsvaradi, A., Kiss, G., Szepsi, A., Szabo, M., Erdei, L. 2002. Acclimation of tomato plants to salinity stress after a salicylic acid pre-treatment. Acta Biologica, 46 (3-4): 55-56.
29- Glass, A.D.M. 1974. Influence of phenolic acids on ion uptake. IV. Depolarization of membrane potentials. Plant Physiol., 54:855-858
30- Larque, S. A. 1978. The anti transpirant effect of acetyl salicylic acid on phaseolus vulgaris. Physiol. Plant., 43: 126-128
31- Rakwal, R., Agraval, V. P. 2001. Jasmonate, protein phophatase 2A inhibitors and kinetin up – regulate of PR5 expression in cut- responsive rice. J. Plant Physiol., 158: 1357-1362.
32- Dat, J. F., Christine, H. F., Scott, I. M. 1998. Changes in salicylic acid and antioxidants during induced thermotolerance in mustard seedlings. Plant Physiol., 118 (4): 1455-1461.
33- Kang, H. M., and Saltveit, M. E. 2002. Chilling tolerance of maize, cucumber and rice seedling leaves and roots are differentially affected salicylic acid. Physiol. Plant. 115: 571-576.
34- Ogawa, D., Nakajima, N., Sano, T., Tamaoki, M., Aono, M., Kubo, A., Kanna, M., Ioki, M., Kanada, H., Saji, H. 2005. Salicylic Acid and accumulation under o3 exposure is regulated by ethylene in tobacco plants. Plant Cell Physiol., 46: 1062-1072
35- Yalpani, N., Leon, J., Lawton, M. A., Rackin, I. 1992. Pathway of salicylic acid biosynthesis in healthy and virus–inoculated tobacco. Plant Physiol., 103: 315-321.
36- Yang, Z.M., Wang, J., Wang, S. H., Xu, L. 2003. Salicylic Acid – induced aluminum tolerance by modulation of citrate efflux form roots of Cassia tora L. Planta, 17: 168-174.
37- Ahmadi, M., and Souri, M.K. (2018). Growth and mineral elements of coriander (Corianderum sativum L.) plants under mild salinity with different salts. Acta Physiologia Plantarum, 40: 94-99.
