Investigating the long-term effects of wastewater consumption on different soil depths
Subject Areas :
environmental management
iman homayoonnezhad
1
,
saeed shojaee
2
,
paria amirian
3
1 - Assistant Professor, Department of Agriculture, Technical-Engineering Faculty, Payam Noor University(PNU), Tehran, Iran. *(Corresponding Author)
2 - PhD in Desertification, Department of Arid and Mountainous Areas Revitalization, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj.
3 - PhD in Environmental Health, Waste Management Organization of Shiraz Municipality.
Received: 2023-04-06
Accepted : 2023-05-03
Published : 2023-07-23
Keywords:
Unusual water,
Wastewater,
Zahedan,
soil,
Abstract :
Background and Objective: Today, the lack of water reserves on the ground, especially in dry climates including our country, has caused the purposeful reuse of wastewater to provide new water sources as a new solution. Currently, countries that are facing the problem of lack of water resources are investigating the feasibility of using wastewater under the title of unconventional waters. But unfortunately, very little research has been done in this regard.
Materials and Methodology: In order to investigate the amount of changes in some elements and characteristics of the soil under irrigation with wastewater, for 3 years, an experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with three repetitions. Sampling was done from two depths of soil 0-30 and 30-60 cm, and the parameters of sodium, total calcium and magnesium, acidity and electrical conductivity of the soil in three study locations (without irrigation, irrigation with treated wastewater, and irrigation with water of river) was measured and analyzed.
Findings: The effluent from Zahedan treatment plant has caused an acceptable increase in the amount of sodium, total calcium and magnesium, and soil acidity compared to the control area. But regarding the electrical conductivity, irrigation with sewage decreased this amount.
Discussion and Conclusion: Effluent causes an effective and acceptable increase of some soil elements, which can be an effective help in soil regeneration and to be used as one of the water sources especially in dry areas that are facing a shortage of water resources.
References:
Ammeri, RW., Hidri, Y., Souid, F., Simeone, GD., Hajjaji, F., Moussa, M., Hassen, A., Eturki, S., 2023 Improvement of degraded agricultural soil in an arid zone following short-and long term treated municipal wastewater application: a case study of gabes perimeter, Tunisia. Applied Soil Ecology, vol. 182.
Belaid, N., Feki, S., Cheknane, B., Frank-Neel, C., Baudu, M., 2019. Impact of irrigation systems on vertical and lateral metals distribution in soils irrigated with treated wastewater: case study of elhajeb-sfax. Agricultural Water Management, vol. 225.
HoosseinOghli, A., 2002. The use of domestic sewage and wastewater treatment plants in irrigation of agricultural products and artificial feeding of underground water tables, phd thesis, Tehran university. (In Persian)
Moazed, V., Hanifeloo, A., 2002. Evaluation of the quality of the incoming and outgoing wastewater of the wastewater treatment plant west of Ahvaz city for reuse in agriculture. Proceedings of the first national conference on management of irrigation and drainage networks. (In Persian)
Fatta, D., Kythreotou, N., 2005. Wastewater as Valuable Water Resource Concerns, Constraints and Requirements Related to Reclamation, Recycling and Reuse. IWA International Conference on Water Economics, Statistics and Finance, Greece.
Zaman, M., Matsushima, M., Chang, SX., Inubushi, K., Nguyen, L., Goto, S., Kaneko, F., Yoneyama, T., 2004. Nitrogen mineralization, N2O production and soil microbiological properties as affected by longterm applications of sewage sludge composts. Biology and Fertility of Soils, vol,40, pp.101-109.
Xiuli, Li., XU, Wu., 2021. Study on the Effects of Sewage Irrigation on Soil. Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, vol. 20, No.1, pp, 335-340.
Selivanovskaya, SYu., Latypova, VZ., Kiyamova, SN., Alimova, FK., 2001. Use of microbial parameters to assess treatment methods of municipal sewage sludge applied to grey forest soils of Tatarstan, agriculture. Ecosystems and Environment, vol. 86, pp.145-153.
Nadi, Z., Raeesi, F., Hosseinpoor, A., 2002. The effect of raw and treated industrial effluents on the enzymatic activity of a silty clay in laboratory conditions. Journal of water and sewage, vol. 1, pp. 93-100. (In Persian)
Sheshma, B., Ankita, S., Sharma, S., Kholvar, K., Mandawat, B., Agarwal, V., Bargotya, Y., 2022. Effect of Sewage on Soil Properties. International journal of Management, Technology and Engeeniring, vol. 4.
Salehi, A., Tabari, M., Mohammadi, J., Aliarab, A., 2004.The effect of irrigation with municipal wastewater on the soil and growth of pine trees in Tehran. Iranian Forest and Spruce Research Quarterly, vol.2, pp. 186-196. (In Persian)
Abedi–koupai, j., 2001. Influence of treated wastewater and irrigation systems on soil physical properties in Isfahan province. ICID International workshop on wastewater reusemanagement. Sep. 19-20. Seoul, Korea. 165-173.
Emamgholi, M., 2012. Evaluating the effect of urban wastewater in reclamation of desert lands on some chemical characteristics of soil and vegetation (case study: Isfahan's Segzai plain), MSc thesis, Tehran university. (In Persian)
Sparks, DL., 1996. Methods of Soil Analysis Part 3: Chemical Methods. Soil Science Society of America, American Society of Agronomy, Madison.
APHA, 2012, Standards Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater.
Wastewater output standard, 1994, Environmental Organization research assistant. (In Persian)
Guidi, G., Pagliai, M., Giachetti, M.,1983. Modifications of some physical and chemical soil properties following sludge and compost application. Dordrecht, Netherlands.
Ghollarata, M., Raiesi, F., 2007. The adverse effects of soil salinization on the growth of Trifolium alexandrinum L. and associated microbial and biochemical properties in a soil from Iran. Soil Biol. Biochem, vol, 39, pp.1699–1702.
Bahremand, M., Efyoni, M., Hajabasi, A., Rezainejad, y., 2002. Effect of sewage sludge on soil physical properties. Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources. pp. 1-8. (In Persian)
Zamani, J., Efyoni, M., Khoshgoftarmanesh, A., Eshghizadeh, H., 2010. Effect of sewage sludge plant Pliyakril, municipal solid waste compost and cow manure on soil properties and yield of corn. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Soil and Water Sciences, pp.154-163. (In Persian)
Shahraki, F., Mahdavi, R., 2001. The effect of irrigation with wastewater on some physical and chemical properties of soil. Journal of water and sewage, vol. 53, pp. 23-29. (In Persian)
Hosseinpoor, A., Haghnia, GH., Alizadeh, A., Fottovat, A., 2004. The effect of irrigation with sewage and urban effluent on some chemical properties of soil at different depths in two conditions of continuous and intermittent waterlogging. Irrigation and Drainage Journal of Iran, vol. 2, pp. 73-85. (In Persian)
Yazdani, V., Ghahraman, B., Davari, K., Fazeli, E., 2014. The effect of wastewater on physical and chemical properties of soil. Environmental Science and Technology Quarterly, vol. 16, pp. 543-558. (In Persian)
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Ammeri, RW., Hidri, Y., Souid, F., Simeone, GD., Hajjaji, F., Moussa, M., Hassen, A., Eturki, S., 2023 Improvement of degraded agricultural soil in an arid zone following short-and long term treated municipal wastewater application: a case study of gabes perimeter, Tunisia. Applied Soil Ecology, vol. 182.
Belaid, N., Feki, S., Cheknane, B., Frank-Neel, C., Baudu, M., 2019. Impact of irrigation systems on vertical and lateral metals distribution in soils irrigated with treated wastewater: case study of elhajeb-sfax. Agricultural Water Management, vol. 225.
HoosseinOghli, A., 2002. The use of domestic sewage and wastewater treatment plants in irrigation of agricultural products and artificial feeding of underground water tables, phd thesis, Tehran university. (In Persian)
Moazed, V., Hanifeloo, A., 2002. Evaluation of the quality of the incoming and outgoing wastewater of the wastewater treatment plant west of Ahvaz city for reuse in agriculture. Proceedings of the first national conference on management of irrigation and drainage networks. (In Persian)
Fatta, D., Kythreotou, N., 2005. Wastewater as Valuable Water Resource Concerns, Constraints and Requirements Related to Reclamation, Recycling and Reuse. IWA International Conference on Water Economics, Statistics and Finance, Greece.
Zaman, M., Matsushima, M., Chang, SX., Inubushi, K., Nguyen, L., Goto, S., Kaneko, F., Yoneyama, T., 2004. Nitrogen mineralization, N2O production and soil microbiological properties as affected by longterm applications of sewage sludge composts. Biology and Fertility of Soils, vol,40, pp.101-109.
Xiuli, Li., XU, Wu., 2021. Study on the Effects of Sewage Irrigation on Soil. Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, vol. 20, No.1, pp, 335-340.
Selivanovskaya, SYu., Latypova, VZ., Kiyamova, SN., Alimova, FK., 2001. Use of microbial parameters to assess treatment methods of municipal sewage sludge applied to grey forest soils of Tatarstan, agriculture. Ecosystems and Environment, vol. 86, pp.145-153.
Nadi, Z., Raeesi, F., Hosseinpoor, A., 2002. The effect of raw and treated industrial effluents on the enzymatic activity of a silty clay in laboratory conditions. Journal of water and sewage, vol. 1, pp. 93-100. (In Persian)
Sheshma, B., Ankita, S., Sharma, S., Kholvar, K., Mandawat, B., Agarwal, V., Bargotya, Y., 2022. Effect of Sewage on Soil Properties. International journal of Management, Technology and Engeeniring, vol. 4.
Salehi, A., Tabari, M., Mohammadi, J., Aliarab, A., 2004.The effect of irrigation with municipal wastewater on the soil and growth of pine trees in Tehran. Iranian Forest and Spruce Research Quarterly, vol.2, pp. 186-196. (In Persian)
Abedi–koupai, j., 2001. Influence of treated wastewater and irrigation systems on soil physical properties in Isfahan province. ICID International workshop on wastewater reusemanagement. Sep. 19-20. Seoul, Korea. 165-173.
Emamgholi, M., 2012. Evaluating the effect of urban wastewater in reclamation of desert lands on some chemical characteristics of soil and vegetation (case study: Isfahan's Segzai plain), MSc thesis, Tehran university. (In Persian)
Sparks, DL., 1996. Methods of Soil Analysis Part 3: Chemical Methods. Soil Science Society of America, American Society of Agronomy, Madison.
APHA, 2012, Standards Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater.
Wastewater output standard, 1994, Environmental Organization research assistant. (In Persian)
Guidi, G., Pagliai, M., Giachetti, M.,1983. Modifications of some physical and chemical soil properties following sludge and compost application. Dordrecht, Netherlands.
Ghollarata, M., Raiesi, F., 2007. The adverse effects of soil salinization on the growth of Trifolium alexandrinum L. and associated microbial and biochemical properties in a soil from Iran. Soil Biol. Biochem, vol, 39, pp.1699–1702.
Bahremand, M., Efyoni, M., Hajabasi, A., Rezainejad, y., 2002. Effect of sewage sludge on soil physical properties. Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources. pp. 1-8. (In Persian)
Zamani, J., Efyoni, M., Khoshgoftarmanesh, A., Eshghizadeh, H., 2010. Effect of sewage sludge plant Pliyakril, municipal solid waste compost and cow manure on soil properties and yield of corn. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Soil and Water Sciences, pp.154-163. (In Persian)
Shahraki, F., Mahdavi, R., 2001. The effect of irrigation with wastewater on some physical and chemical properties of soil. Journal of water and sewage, vol. 53, pp. 23-29. (In Persian)
Hosseinpoor, A., Haghnia, GH., Alizadeh, A., Fottovat, A., 2004. The effect of irrigation with sewage and urban effluent on some chemical properties of soil at different depths in two conditions of continuous and intermittent waterlogging. Irrigation and Drainage Journal of Iran, vol. 2, pp. 73-85. (In Persian)
Yazdani, V., Ghahraman, B., Davari, K., Fazeli, E., 2014. The effect of wastewater on physical and chemical properties of soil. Environmental Science and Technology Quarterly, vol. 16, pp. 543-558. (In Persian)
