Measurment and Reduction of heavy metals concentration in soil around Tehran Cement Factory by Phytoremediation Method

Subject Areas : soil pollution

seyed mohsen beladi ¹ , Roya mafigholami ²

1 - Master of Civil Engineering Environmental Orientation, Department of Environment, Faculty of Management, Islamic Azad University, West Tehran Branch.
2 - Associate Professor, Department of Environment, Faculty of Management, Islamic Azad University, West Tehran Branch.* (Corresponding Author)

Received: 2020-10-25 Accepted : 2021-10-30 Published : 2024-09-22

Keywords: cement factory, control point, phytoremediation, Heavy metals.,

Abstract :

Background and Objective: The soil around the cement plant is exposed to severe environmental pollution due to the activities resulting from the transfer of raw materials and the process of cement production. It deprives human beings of a healthy environment. The purpose of this study is to first measure the concentration of heavy metals in the soil around the Tehran Cement Plant and then reduce pollution by phytoremediation.

Material and Methodology: The study area in this research is the soil around Tehran Cement Factory in Rey city and along Bibi Shahrbanoo mountains. First, soil was sampled from 200, 300, 400, 500 meters of the eastern side of Tehran Cement Factory and the control point, which is located 6 km west of the factory, then soil samples were sent to the laboratory and the concentrations of heavy metals lead, zinc, Copper in the soil of all points was evaluated by ICP-MASS, After that the phytoremediation process was performed on these samples and the metal concentrations of the plants planted in the soil of the pots specific to the sampling points and the soil after phytoremediation were measured in the laboratory.

Findings: The soil of the sampling points around the plant is contaminated with heavy metals. The concentration of heavy metals in the soil of all sampling points is higher than the control point and the concentration of these metals decreases with increasing distance from the factory. According to the standard of the World Health Organization, the concentration of lead metal in all sampling points in the east of the factory is contaminated, the concentration of zinc metal in the range between low and medium pollution (between 120 to 290 mg/kg) and copper metal It is above the low pollution range (more than 35 mg/kg). According to this standard, plants planted in the soil have all the places of severe contamination with lead metal, the concentration of zinc in plants planted in the first point (200 meters) is more than 60 mg/kg and contaminated, copper metal contamination is not seen in plants. Concentrations of heavy metals in the soil after phytoremediation show a reasonable reduction to the allowable range of some standards, also according to the standard of the World Health Organization, the concentration of zinc in the third and fourth stations to the lower range of low pollution (less than 120 mg/kg).

Discussion and Conclusions: Diffusion of dust and suspended particles by cement factories and then its accumulation in the surrounding soils can increase the concentration of heavy metals in the soil, which is observed in this study. Heavy metal concentrations in plants and soil after phytoremediation indicate that the plant has good extraction potential and phytoremediation technology can be effective in reducing the concentration of heavy metals in the soil to the allowable range of some standards.

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