Analysis of the Kalar City Physical Development Processes based on the Environmental Desirabilities

Subject Areas : محیط زیست شهری

Shakhawan Abdullah Hussein ¹ , Ramin Ghorbani ² , Ahmad Pourahmad ³ , Eshagh Khandan ⁴

1 - Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Faculty of Education, Garmian University, Kalar, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
2 - PhD Student in Geography and urban Planning at University of Tehran, Faculty of Geography, Tehran, Iran.
3 - Full Proffessor of Geography and urban Planning at University of Tehran, Faculty of Geography, Tehran, Iran. *(Corresponding Author)
4 - PhD Student in Geography and urban Planning at University of Tehran, Faculty of Geography, Tehran, Iran

Received: 2020-05-21 Accepted : 2022-01-07 Published : 2025-03-21

Keywords: Physical Development, Geomorphology, Fuzzy Logic, AHP, Klar City.,

Abstract :

Background and Objective: In recent years, the increasing trend of population has caused on physical development in urban areas. In many Geographical Regions, physical Urban development without paying attention to the geomorphological condition of the areas has caused hazards. Due to the importance of the subject in this research, the process of physical development in Kalar city has been evaluated and then potentially environmental areas for the future development of this city have been identified.

Material and Methodology: In this research, a quantitative method based on descriptive analysis is used. In order to analyze information’s, the Landsat satellite images during the years of 1990, 2000. 2010 and 2019, the digital model of the height of the area with an accuracy of 30 meters, slope layers, distance from the river, distance from the road, distance from the city limits, land use and geomorphological units have been used. The tools used in the research were ARCGIS, ENVI and IDRISI software. The research process is done in two stages. In the first stage, the process of physical development of Kalar city and in the second stage, the desirability of future development has been evaluated. The period of the present study is the second 6 months of 2019, which has been analyzed based on library sources and 19 years of study data (2000-2019).

Findings: The findings show that the Kalar city during the years of 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2019 had an area of 3.98, 5.63, 11.13 and 14.37 square kilometers respectively, and in the process of its development, geomorphological factors including; The floodplain of the eastern margin played a major role. In the second stage, areas prone to future development of the city have been identified for this purpose of 6 parameters (slope, distance from the river, distance from the road, distance from the city limits, land use and geomorphological units) and a combined model of fuzzy logic and AHP used.

Discussion and Conclusion: The results are divided into 5 classes (very high to very low). The very well-proportioned class with an area of 32 square kilometers mainly includes the northern and northwestern areas, the very low class with an area of 26.3 square kilometers, covers the eastern half of the Kalar city. Due to the location of this zone in the floodplain and the river boundary, it has the lowest potential for physical development.

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