Assessing Spatial-Temporal Changes of Rainfall Variability Indices in Ardabil Province Rain gauge stations
Subject Areas :
Water and Environment
hamed amini
1
,
Raoof Mostafazadeh
2
,
Mohammad Ahmadi
3
1 - M.Sc., Watershed Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
2 - Associate Professor, Dept. of Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran, * (Corresponding Author)
3 - Associate Professor, Dept. of Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
Received: 2017-12-09
Accepted : 2019-03-03
Published : 2021-03-21
Keywords:
Spatial and temporal variations of rainfall,
Shannon Index,
Rainfall Variability Indices,
Man-Kendal test,
Interpolation,
Abstract :
Background and Objective: The rainfall is one of the main elements of the climate in each region. One of the characteristics of arid and semi-arid regions is a low rainfall with high fluctuations. Hence, changes in rainfall patterns, including spatial and temporal changes in rainfall, are of particular importance. The patterns of rainfall distribution, determine the rainfall during the time. The purpose of the present study was to investigate spatial and temporal changes of rainfall variability indices in the gauge stations of Ardabil province.Material and Methods: In this study to determine the rainfall variability from the monthly rainfall with a 24-year period from the year of 1989 to 2013 (based on current statistics) in the watersheds of Ardabil province has been used. In order to calculate the quantitative variability of rainfall in the studied stations, Shannon, Simpson, Index of variability, rainfall variability index (RVI), MCIntosh, Berger-Parker, Rainfall anomaly Index (RAI) were used. After calculating these indices, the spatial variations of the indices at the studied stations were performed using the interpolation methods and the Inverse Distance Weighting method in the Arc Map software, and also the non-parametric Mann-Kendall method was used to determine the temporal variation of the values of rainfall variability indices.Findings: According to the results of the interpolation of these indices, the spatial variations of the Simpson, Index of Variability, McIntosh and the Berger-Parker indices are similar to the one in which the high variation values in the eastern regions include stations of Aladizgeh, Namin, Niaraq, Abi Beiglu and Khosh Abad and the northern part of the province are observed.Discussion and Conclusion: In general, it can be said that regions of the province, in the proximity of the provinces of Gilan and East Azerbaijan, have more variability in rainfall values due to the impact of the air masses and rainfall of the Caspian and Mediterranean fronts. Also, the results of the trend test indicated a significant increase in rainfall variability indices that could lead to a change in the seasonal distribution pattern of rainfall values in different months and the results show similar behavior in most of the indices.
References:
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Mohammadi, B., 2012. Trend analysis of annual rainfall over Iran. Geography and Environmental Planning, Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 95-106 (In Persian).
Movahedi, S., Asakereh, H., Sabziparvar, A.A., Masoodian, A., and Maryanaji, Z., 2012. Assessment of variability of precipitation regime in Iran. Journal of Water and Soil, Vol. 25, No. 6, pp. 1434-1447 (In Persian).
Gandomkar, A., and Khadem Alhosseini, A., 2009. The study of precipitation changes on Zabol (Iran). Environmental Based Territorial Planning (Amayesh), Vol. 2, No. 6, pp. 65-76 (In Persian).
Bahak, B., 2013. Study of the likelihood of climate change in Kerman Province using Man – Kendall method (Case study: Kerman Station). Geographical territory, Vol. 10, No. 39, pp. 67-74 (In Persian).
Feizi, V., Farajzadeh, M., and Nowruzi, R., 2012. Study of climate change in Sistan and Baluchestan Province using the Man-Kendall method. 4th International Congress of the Islamic World Geographers, pp. 1-12 (In Persian).
Kolawole, O.M., Olayemi, A.B and Ajayi, K.T., 2011. Managing flood in Nigerian cities: risk analysis and adaptation options – Ilorin city as a case study. Archives of Applied Science Research, pp. 17-24.
Oskar Kisaka, M., Mucheru-Muna, M., Ngetich, F. K., Mugwe, J. N., Mugendi, D., and Mairura, F., 2014. Rainfall variability, drought characterization, and efficacy of rainfall data reconstruction: case of Eastern Kenya. Advances in Meteorology, pp. 1-16.
Raziei, T., Daneshkar Arasteh, P., and Saghafian, B., 2005. Annual rainfall trend analysis in arid and semi-arid regions of Central and Eastern Iran. Water and Wastewater, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 73-81 (In Persian).
Masoodian, S.A., 2005. The zoning of the Iran irrigated areas by the precipitation turbulence index. University of Isfahan Research, No. 1, pp. 1-14 (In Persian).
Asakereh, H., 2007. Spatio – Temporal changes of Iran Inland precipitation during recent decades. Geography and Development Iranian Journal, Vol. 5, No. 10, pp.145-164 (In Persian).
Irannejad, P., Katiraei Boroujerdi, P.S., and Hajjam, S., 2010. Spatial distribution of the annual precipitation trend in Iran in the period 1960-2001. Journal of Earth and Space Physics, Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 79-94 (In Persian).
Hejazizadeh, Z., Shafiei, Z., and Javizadeh, S., 2009. Drought trend in Fars Province using Rainfall Anomaly Index (RAI). The first National Conference of Groundwater, Islamic Azad University of Behbahan, pp. 1-17 (In Persian).
Bronikowski, Anne., 1996. Appendix: A critical examination of rainfall variability measures used in behavioral ecology studies. Behavioral Ecology Sociobiology, pp. 27-30
Hennessy, K.J., Suppiah, R., and Page, C.M., 1999. Australian rainfall changes 1910-1995. Australian Meteorology Magazine, pp. 1-13.
Akinremi, O.O., McGinn, S.M., and Cutforth, H.W., 2001. Seasonal and spatial patterns of rainfall trend on the Canadian prairies. Journal of Climate, Vol. 14, pp. 2177-2182.
Ojoye, S., Yahaya, T.I., Odekunle, M.O and Sulyman, A.O., 2016. Rainfall variability: implications for flood frequency in Sokoto, North-Western Nigeria. Advances in Multidisciplinary and Scientific Research, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 201-210.
Zarrinkamar Majd, S., and Katiraie-Boroujerdy, P.S., 2016. The analysis of seasonality and seasonal precipitation anomaly changes in Iran during 1977-2006. Journal of Marine Science and Technology Research, Vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 24-39 (In Persian).
Sharma, U.C., Sharma, Vikas 2006. Groundwater sustainability indicators for the Brahmaputra basin in the northeastern region of India, Sustainability of Groundwater Resources and its Indicators (Proceedings of symposium S3 held during the Seventh IAHS Scientific Assembly at Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil). IAHS Publ. No. 302, pp. 43-50.
