Legal Position of Private Judicial System Based on Tahkim Institution from Imamism Perspective

Subject Areas : All jurisprudential issues

Majeed  Amandad ¹ (دانشجوی دکتری دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد اصفهان(خوراسگان)، رشته‌‌ی فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران.)
Javad  Panjepour ² (استادیار دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد اصفهان(خوراسگان)، گروه فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران.)
Hormoz  Asadi Koohbad ³ (استادیار دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد رامهرمز، گروه فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی، رامهرمز، ایران.)

Received: 2015-11-15 Accepted : 2016-01-25 Published : 2016-01-21

Keywords: Private Judicial System, Tahkim Judge, legitimacy, Permit,

Abstract :

In the present era, with the increase in various aspects of communication –financial and non-financial-disputes among people have risen as well. The boost in conflicts has interfered with the way the judiciary system deals with hearings and due to high volumes of cases some harm such as prorogation of procedures, slackening of hearing pace and occasionally passing defective judgments have been inflicted upon this system which has eventually led to discontent among litigants. Therefore, seemingly, if a private justice system accompanies and aids the governmental judiciary system in hearing and resolving litigations, it will have an effective role in elimination of aforementioned issues and forasmuch as Islamic judgment demands Islamic judicial system, the legitimacy of this private system must be proved. Having investigated and reviewed Islamic texts concerning   adjudication   particularly   accounts   and   also   afterstudying the works and pleadings of jurisprudents, we are faced with an institution entitled “consolidation”(Tahkim) which there is even some evidence for its existence in canonization era.     Consequently, we aim to design and implement the private justice system based upon consolidation institute. Through acknowledging the fact that some conceptions and institutions might be structured in accordance with time and place and be utilized in a new shape. Therefore, according to the opinion of shia’s jurisprudents, consolidatory (tahkimi) judgment in the time of occultation (of imam) is an allowable and acceptable issue .In contrast, some jurisprudents have cited lack of relevance with regard to the conditions of consolidation (tahkim) judge and some consider the existence assumption of a consolidation judge in the time of presence (of imam) even impossible at times. Therefore, by elaborating utterances and reasons of consolidation judge legitimacy, this article will attempt to examine the manner in which the legitimacy of private justice system is proved through consolidation (Tahkim) institute.