Greenway Planning from Local to Comprehensive Planning of National Multi Objective Routes
Subject Areas : architectureSimin Hanachi 1 , Maryam Ghaznavi 2
1 - Ph.D. in Urban Planning, Invited Assistant Professor of Faculty of Environment and Energy, Science and Research Branch Tehran; Islamic Azad University. Iran. (Corresponding Author)
2 - M.Sc. Candidate in Environmental Design, Faculty of Environment and Energy, Science and Research Branch Tehran; Islamic Azad University. Iran.
Keywords:
Abstract :
The term of greenway is used for the paths that maintain the environmental integrity of an urban infrastructure; on the other meaning greenways represent a new linear and inter-connected form of urban park or they are urban green infrastructure , According to this fact that urbanization and increasing population like other countries have made challenges between urban development and environment, social benefits and individual benefits, spatial necessity and mental-cultural value, Therefore, greenway projects implementation mitigate these challenges and on the other hand they promote sense of well-being, conservation of habitats, ecological, scenic, recreational and educational quality. This study is in two sections, the first part, by document research method (using thesis, books and related websites) traces first the origin of greenway planning back to early landscape architecture during the second half of the 19th century. Then it highlights the evolution of greenway and universal activity in the field of planning and design over the 20th century. The second part of this paper with use of context analyzing (published guidance for greenway planning and design in Europe and US and urban spaces design guidance and urban ways design criteria in Iran) declares primary steps for creation of greenway network in Iran.
- پاسبان حضرت، غلامرضا،)1380)، "رود- دره های شهر های ایران بستر پیوند انسان،شهر و طبیعت"، مجله معماری و شهرسازی شماره 58،59، دور نهم آبان 80،ص 58-59
2- پاکزاد، جهانشاه، ( 1386)، "راهنمای طراحی فضای شهری در ایران"، دبیرخانه شورای عالی شهرسازی انتشارات شهیدی،ص130، 288،289
3- ترنر، تام، (1998)، " شهر همچون چشم انداز" ،ترجمه فرشاد نوریان ، شرکت پردازش و برنامه ریزی شهری چاپ دوم1384،ص385-389
4- حبیبی، سید محسن، (1380)، "مسیر پیاده گردشگری"، نشریه هنرهای زیباتابستان شماره9 ص 43-51
5- سازمان مدیریت و برنامه ریزی کشور، (1381)، "ضوابط و مقررات شهرسازی و معماری برای افراد معلول جسمی و حرکتی" مرکز تحقیقات ساختمان و مسکن ،دفتر امور فنی و تدوین معیار ها ص23
6- قریب، فریدون، (1383)، "امکان سنجی ایجاد مسیر های پیاده و دوچرخه در محدوده تهران قدیم"، نشریه هنر های زیبا پاییز شماره 19
7- مخدوم، مجید، (1381)، "شالوده آمایش سرزمین" ،انتشارات دانشگاه تهران، چاپ پنجم ،ص107
8- وزارت مسکن و شهرسازی، (1375)، "آیین نامه طراحی راههای شهری ،بخش 10 ،مسیر های پیاده" ، ص4 الی 10
9- وزارت مسکن و شهرسازی، (1375)، "آیین نامه طراحی راههای شهری ،بخش 11 ،مسیر های دوچرخه" ،ص 7-8-9-67-68
10- Ahren, J., (2003), “Greenway in USA : theory trend and prospect”.University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA
11-Ahren,J.,(1995), “Greenway as the planning strategy”.In: Fabos, J. Ahren, J.eds. “Greenway:the bigginning of international movement”. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 131-155 . Retrieved from http://www.elsevier.com/locate/landurbplan
12-Bischoff, A., (2003), “the new generation of greenway planning; more sustainable form for city” ,Department of Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning ,University of Massachusetts. abischof@larp.umass.edu
13-Boston Parks and Recreation Department. Open Space Plan( 2002 -2006) pt. 5, “Resource protection mission Greenways Trails and Bikeways”.
14-El Adli Imam, Khalid Zakaria, (2006). “Role of greenway systems in planning residential communities: a case study from Egypt” Elsevier, Landscape and Urban Planning ,(76) 199-209 Retrieved from http://www.elsevier.com/locate/landurbplan
15-European Greenways Association (A.E.V.V./E.G.W.A). (2000). “The European Greenways Good Practice Guide : Example of Action Undertaken in Cities and Periphery”. (2000). Retrieved from http: //www.aevv_.egwa.orge
16-Fabos, J.G., Ryan, R.L., (2004), “International greenway planning : an Introduction” , Elsevier Landscape and Urban planning. (68)143-146 Retrieved from http://www.elsevier.com/locate/landurbplan
17-Fabos, G. J, Ryan, L. R, (2006). “An introduction to greenway planning around the world”, Elsevier, Landscape and Urban Planning ,Editorial(76) 1-6 Retrieved from http://www.elsevier.com/locate/landurbplan
18-Fabos, G. J,(2004), “Greenway planning in United States its origins and recent case studies”, Elsevier, Landscape and Urban Planning ,(68) 321-342 Retrieved from http://www.elsevier.com/locate/landurbplan
19-Gobster, H. P, Westphal, M. L, (2004), “The human dimensions of urban greenways: planning for recreation and related experiences”, Elsevier, Landscape and Urban Planning ,(68) 147-165 Retrieved from http://www.elsevier.com/locate/landurbplan
20-Greenway Handbook(update2008). ,Retrieved from http://www.naturalengland.org.ukimageshandbook2_tom6-7837.pdf
21-Mayor London Greater London Authority City Hall. (2006). “The London Plan: Sub-Regional Development Framework East London”, Greater London Authority City Hall. Retrieved from http://www.Lodon.gov.uk
22-Rottle. D. N., (2006), “Factors in the landscape based greenway : a Mountain to Sound case study” ,Elsevier, Landscape and Urban Planning ,(76) 134-176 Retrieved from http://www.elsevier.com/locate/landurbplan
23-Searns, R.M., (2004). “The evolution of greenways as an adaptive urban landscape form”, Elsevier, Landscape and Urban Planning ,(68) 65-79 Retrieved from http://www.elsevier.com/locate/landurbplan
24-Turner, T, (2006). “Greenway planning in Britain: recent work and future plans”, Elsevier, Landscape and Urban Planning ,Editorial (76) 240-251 Retrieved from http://www.elsevier.com/locate/landurbplan
25-Watson D. Plattus A. Shibley R. (2004). Time-saver standard for urban design. (p500). Retrieved from http://www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com
26-Wikipedia the free on line encyclopedia. (2005). Retrieved from http://www.wikipedia.com
27-Walmsely, A. (2006). “Greenways: multiplying and diversifying in 21st century”, Elsevier, Landscape and Urban Planning ,(76)252-290 Retrieved from http://www.elsevier.com/locate/landurbplan
_||_