Assessing the Effect of Urban Tourism Places in Attracting Cultural Tourists (Case Study: Paris)

Subject Areas : architecture

Mahdieh Hosseininia ¹

1 - Ph.D., Assistantprofessor, Islamic Azad University, Zarand Branch, Zarand, Iran.

Received: 2017-05-07 Accepted : 2018-02-05 Published : 2018-02-20

Keywords: Urban space, Urban tourism places, Cultural tourism places, Cultural tourist experiences,

Abstract :

tourism is among recent postmodern approaches in satisfying the cultural needs of today’s world. Thisstudy investigates the dynamics of urban tourism places that can affect the attraction of cultural tourists. Firstly,urban tourism places such as historical places were recognized by implementing an analytical approach, and aframework resulting from their constructing factors in the city was defined. Through analyzing the concepts andobjectives of this research, the recognized places were identified as cultural tourism places in the city. Secondly, theresearcher conducted an analytical approach to identify how these factors influence cultural tourist attraction usingcultural tourists’ experiences to complete the framework and the resulting analytical model. Finally, to examine theresearch hypotheses in an urban area, Paris City was selected as a case study. Cultural tourism places in Paris werecategorize into three distinct groups: 1) permanent historical heritage and cultural or natural places, 2) temporaryhistorical heritage and cultural or natural places, and 3) constant emergence of new art instances in the city resultingfrom revisiting the role of culture and substituting marginal artists and producing real cultural scenes in differenturban places. These three groups were assessed using cultural tourists’ experiences to shed light upon the effect offactors constructing cultural tourism placesas well as factors constructing experiences of cultural tourists. Based onthe analyses, the results indicated that cultural tourists search for authentic experiences which come along with thepresence of city’s everyday life; such pluralist experiences which are creative in their today’s origin that resulted fromactive participation of cultural tourists in urban places. Such places are defined as connected factors of urban culturalplaces separately or collectively. These places include historical, natural and contemporary cultural public realms,local public realms, unconventional urban public realms, and recreational business public realms. These joinedtemporary or permanent open, semi-open and sometimes-close symbolic physical characteristics along with symboliccultural social actions; interactions with the presence of cultural tourists and formation of cultural meanings basedon their understanding from the spirit of the atmosphere produce a symbolic framework. Surely, places containingcultural meanings, such as artistic, historical, national, mythical, scientific, literary, ethnical, social and recreational,present cultural tourists with authentic and pluralist experiences that derived from understandings the life style andcultural meanings of the hosting society in different ways and can play effective role in attracting cultural tourists.It’s worth mentioning that applying such places as a temporary or permanent localities in holding festival activitiesand events or presenting and introducing them in informal events to separate production and nonproduction for themin city’s everyday life experience, can lead to creation of different meanings and interpretations of such places thatrooted in the identity of these places. Creation of such individual readings and having as many understandings asthose who experienced the atmosphere in these cultural places can be more influential in forming a creative meaningsin attracting cultural tourists. Other influential factors can be socio-economic factors that can be subject of futureinvestigations.

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