Feminist approach, modern Western theology, the problem of evil, the problem of suffering, gender

Subject Areas :

Amir Abbas Alizamani ¹ , fatemeh mirrahimi ²

1 - University of Tehran
2 - PhD Student, Department of Islamic Philosophy and Theology, Faculty of Law, Theology and Political Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Received: 2025-07-07 Accepted : 2025-08-30 Published : 2025-11-13

Keywords: Feminist approach, modern Western theology, the problem of evil, the problem of suffering, gender.,

Abstract :

The problem of evil and the experience of suffering, whether arising from natural forces or from human actions, is something that, if explained and understood accurately, deeply, and reasonably, unites all free human beings, regardless of gender, to repel and eliminate it. This article deals with the importance of gender-related evil and suffering, which has arisen for various reasons and leads to the creation of suffering with improper functioning. An evil whose failure to recognize and correct it creates obstacles on the path to prosperity, first in women and subsequently in men, and then in society, history, and the psyche of a nation, as well as within each human being. An evil that has been created, consolidated, and even taken on the guise of good by various factors throughout the life of mankind in different societies, has become a given in different societies. The main issue of this research is the explanation, classification of suffering caused by gender, and finding the factors that cause it. In modern Western theology, new approaches to confronting human suffering have been proposed that need to be examined and criticized in Western theological studies. Feminist philosophers with a woman-centered approach in the West are among the philosophers who have expressed various important and diverse ideas regarding the issue of evil and the experience of suffering in relation to gender. The aim of this article is to use the theories of these philosophers, to explain their views in detail, along with their critique and analysis, in order to solve the problem under study and take a step towards solving the problem of suffering and gender.

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