Novel Low-Cost Device for Detecting Urine Bag Filling Using the Remote Control

Subject Areas : Electrical Engineering

Mohsen Ebrahimi ¹ , Elham Ebrahimi ² , Sajjad Fathi ³

1 -
2 -
3 -

Received: 2025-08-14 Accepted : 2025-09-09 Published : 2025-10-01

Keywords: remote control, remote alarm, urine bag,

Abstract :

The present study aims to facilitate the work of nurses and medical staff in patient care. Nurses have always faced the challenge of being aware of the filling status of urine bags (urinary catheters). Failure to empty the urine bag in a timely manner for patients with disabilities, paralysis, or impaired consciousness can lead to urinary difficulties such as retention and urine reflux. Repeated occurrences of this issue may result in more serious complications like renal problems and urinary tract infections, jeopardizing patient health and prolonging hospital stays significantly. Given the advancement of technology and the widespread use of wireless communication, this project utilizes code-learn remote control technology. By attaching a special clamp to the urine bag, an alarm is triggered in the nurses’ station or a designated area when the bag is full, enabling prompt intervention and ensuring better patient management, comfort, and safety around the clock, therefore improving overall healthcare quality.

References:

[1] H. J. Son, T. W. Kim, H. B. Oh, and Y. J. Choi, “Evaluation of measurement uncertainty of urine output using two kinds of urine bags,” Medical Biological Science and Engineering (MBSE), vol. 1, 2018, pp. 31-37.
https://doi.org/10.30579/mbse.2018.1.1.31

[2] J. Minor, A. Smith, F. Deutsch, and J. A. Kellum, “Automated versus manual urine output monitoring in the intensive care unit,” Scientific Reports, vol. 11, no. 1, 2021, pp. 1-5.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97026-8

[3] U. Kumar, A. Singh, G. Thami, and N. Agrawal, “Purple urine bag syndrome: A simple and rare spot diagnosis in Uroscopic rainbow,” Urology case reports, vol. 35, 2021, p.
101533.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eucr.2020.101533

[4] M. Letizia and R. Tyson, “Managing a patient with purple urine bag syndrome,” Journal of the American Academy of Pas, vol. 34, no. 4, 2021, pp. 38-39. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.JAA.0000735784.93169.18

[5] M. Reichmuth, S. Schürle, and M. Magno, “A non-invasive wearable bioimpedance system to wirelessly monitor bladder filling,” in 2020 IEEE Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE), 2020, pp. 338-341. https://doi.org/10.23919/DATE48585.2020.9116378

[6] X. F. Luo, L. Yuan, Y. Lei, D. J. Zhao, Y. P. Bai, B. Q. Wang, and X. H. Hu, “Design of a multifunctional urine bag,” Zhonghua Shaoshang Zazhi, Chinese Journal of Burns, vol. 35, no. 8, 2019, pp. 626-628.
https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2019.08.017

[7] N. Nagano et al., “Clinical Evaluation of a Novel Urine Collection Kit Using Filter Paper in Neonates: An Observational Study,” Children, vol. 8, no. 7, 2021, p. 561.
https://doi.org/10.3390/children8070561

[8] A. Otero, A. Apalkov, R. Fernández, and M. Armada, “A new device to automate the monitoring of critical patients’ urine output,” BioMed research international, 2014.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/587593

[9] A. J. Zaylaa, R. Ghotmi, and S. Barakat, “Urine Analysis Device from Research to Design,” in IEEE 5th Middle East and Africa Conference on Biomedical Engineering (MECBME), 2020, pp. 1-6.
https://doi.org/10.1109/MECBME47393.2020.9265127

[10] L. Paulsen, S. Elliott, S. McAdams, F.L. Fenoglietto, and A. Pisansky, “Devices, systems, and methods for obtaining and analyzing urine flow rate data using acoustics and software,” U.S. Patent 9,986,945, University of Minnesota, 2018.

[11] R. Arshad, H. Yu, and S. McLaughlin, “Integrated systems for urine flow measurement: A critical review,” in 2017 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Automation and Computing (ICAC), 2017, pp. 1-6.
https://doi.org/10.23919/IConAC.2017.8082014

[12] J. L. Lafuente, S. González, E. Puertas, V. Gómez-Tello, E. Avilés, N. Albo, C. Mateo, and J. J. Beunza, “Development of a urinometer for automatic measurement of urine flow in catheterized patients,” Plos one, vol. 18, no. 8, 2023, p. e0290319.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290319

[13] A. Sanguansri, “Development of a prototype sensor-integrated urine bag for real-time measuring,” Doctoral dissertation, Bournemouth University, 2016.

[14] T. Fan and Y. Sun, “Design of Remote Control Signal Hijacking Device Based on Microcomputer System,” in International Conference on Intelligent and Interactive Systems and Applications, 2020, pp. 877-884.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63784-2_107

[15] A. Valera, J. L. Díez, M. Vallés, and P. Albertos, “Virtual and remote control laboratory development,” IEEE Control Systems Magazine, vol. 25, no. 1, 2005, pp. 35-39.
https://doi.org/10.1109/MCS.2005.1388798

[16] X. D. Mao, D. H. Wang, T. Zhang, and K. M. Huang, “Remote control based on Android phone,” in Applied Mechanics and Materials, Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2012, vol. 130, pp. 3982-3985.
https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.130-134.3982