Formulation and Evaluation of Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles for Enhanced Transdermal Delivery of Niacinamide
Subject Areas :
Nasrin Haftabadi
1
,
Rahele Zhiani
2
,
Malihesadat Hosseiny
3
1 -
2 -
3 -
Keywords: Chitosan, Niacinamide, Skin, Nanoparticles,
Abstract :
Topical delivery of hydrophilic compounds such as niacinamide has consistently faced challenges due to the complex structure and inherent permeability limitations of the skin. Niacinamide, a water-soluble vitamin with sebum-regulating, anti-inflammatory, brightening, and anti-aging properties, is widely used in the treatment of dermatological conditions. However, its limited chemical stability and skin penetration hinder its optimal therapeutic efficacy. In this study, chitosan nanoparticles were employed as drug carriers due to their biocompatible structure, mucoadhesive properties, and positive surface charge, aiming to enhance stability, enable controlled release, and improve transdermal penetration of niacinamide. Chitosan nanoparticles were synthesized using the ionic gelation method, and the resulting niacinamide-loaded nanocapsules (CS/NIA) were thoroughly characterized. Structural features of the nanoparticles were examined via FT-IR and SEM analyses, confirming the presence of amide bonds, ether groups, and pyridine rings. SEM images revealed particle sizes predominantly in the range of 65 to 120 nanometers, which is favorable for epidermal penetration and minimizing systemic accumulation. In vitro drug release studies in simulated physiological conditions demonstrated that the nanocarrier system provides a stable and controlled release profile of niacinamide over a 300-minute period, whereas the pure form of the drug did not exhibit comparable performance.
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