Optimization of In Vitro Micropropagation of the Medicinal Plant Primula veris L.

Subject Areas : Plant Biology

Farah Farahani ¹ , zahra sabouri ² , mohsen zargar ³

1 - Full professor, Department of Biology, Institute of Quantum Science and Social Biology, Qo. C., Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran.
2 - MSc, Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Payame Noor University (East Tehran Branch), Tehran, Iran.
3 - Associate professor, Department of Biology, Institute of Quantum Science and Social Biology, Qo. C., Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran.

Received: 2025-07-02 Accepted : 2025-08-07 Published : 2025-08-31

Keywords: Benzylaminopurine (BAP), In vitro culture, Shoot proliferation, Mahallat and Amol seeds, Micropropagation,

Abstract :

Introduction: Primula veris L., a valuable medicinal plant in medicine and the pharmaceutical industry. Due to limitations in natural propagation and the necessity to conserve genetic resources, micropropagation offers an efficient approach for the mass production of uniform and healthy plants. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of benzylaminopurine (BAP) on in vitro regeneration and growth of shoot explants derived from seeds of two Iranian: Mahallat and Amol.

Materials and Methods: The experimental treatments included BAP concentrations of 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 mgl^-1 and IAA 1.5 mgl^-1.

Results: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the interaction between hormone concentration and seed origin had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on shoot length, number of shoots, leaf length, and number of leaves. The highest shoot length was observed in treatments 1, 1.5 mg^-1 of Mahallat seeds, while the lowest was recorded in treatment 2.5 mg^-l of Amol seeds. The greatest mean values for shoot number, leaf number, and leaf length were obtained in treatment 1.5 mg^-1 of Mahallat seeds, while the highest shoot number for Amol was observed in treatment 1 mg^-1. Mean comparison tests (LSD and Duncan’s multiple range test) confirmed significant differences among most treatments across the evaluated traits. Overall, BAP concentrations of 1.5 mgl^-1 and 2 mgl^-1 were most effective in enhancing growth parameters in both Mahallat and Amol seeds.

Conclusion: These findings provide a practical basis for optimizing micropropagation and developing efficient in vitro multiplication protocols for future breeding programs.

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