The Benefits of Biochar in Agricultural Ecosystems, Soil Properties and Reducing the Harmful Effects of Drought Stress, Heavy Metals and Greenhouse Gases: A Review
Subject Areas : Research On Crop EcophysiologySADEGH GHOREISHI 1 , ALIREZA TAAB 2
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Keywords: Keyword: Drought Stress, Biochar, Organic Matter, Phytoremediation, Soil Fertilty.,
Abstract :
Abstract
Food security is challenged by drought stress and water scarcity, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Additionally, drought stress on agriculture and population growth exacerbate the need for food due to a decrease in water resources and drought stress on agriculture. By disrupting nutrient balance, gas exchange, and primary and secondary metabolisms, water deficiency decreases performance and plant growth. A biochar soil amendment has been proposed to increase water and nutrient efficiency and increase long-term productivity. There have been numerous studies demonstrating that biochar can improve the physical and chemical characteristics of soil, retaining organic matter and moisture. Biochar has a low density and high surface area, resulting in a high adsorption capacity, which helps retain nutrients, reduce leaching, and improve soil fertility. The porous structure of biochar can also reduce the bulk density of soil, thereby improving water retention. Therefore, this study was done in order to survey the benefits of biochar in agricultural ecosystems, soil properties and reducing the harmful effects of drought stress, heavy metals and greenhouse gases. Most of the studies on biochar have been short-term, which questions the long-term fate of heavy metals, therfore long-term studies should be done. It can be expected that due to aging processes, the ability of biochar to separate heavy metals decreases with time. Large-scale and long-term well-designed field experiments are needed to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed approach regarding the impact of biochar on vegetation, increasing soil quality, preserving the environment, and coping with drought stress. The stability of this material and its resistance to decomposition causes the long-term accumulation of carbon in the soil and reduces the intensity of greenhouse gas emissions, including carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide, and its effects on global warming and climate change. Although the stability of biochar in soil is a long-term process, environmental stresses accelerate the degradation of biochar and indicate the need to mitigate climate change. Nevertheless, the application of biochar helps to reduce adverse climatic effects and can lead to sustainable strengthening of food security.
Keyword: Drought Stress, Biochar, Organic Matter, Phytoremediation, Soil Fertilty.
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