Presenting Architectural Solutions for Improving Quality of Life in Marginalized Areas: An Approach Based on Critical Thinking and Vernacular Architecture

Subject Areas :

Seyyed Hossein Hosseini ¹ , Reza Mirzaei ² , Seyyed Mehdi Maddahi ³

1 - Ph.D. Condidate, Department of Art and Architecture, Bi.c., Islamic Azad University, Birjand, Iran.
2 - Assistant Professor, Department of Art and Architecture, Bi.c., Islamic Azad University, Birjand, Iran
3 - Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Khavaran Higher Education Institute, Mashhad, Iran.

Received: 2025-05-17 Accepted : 2025-09-21 Published : 2025-12-14

Keywords: Marginalization, critical thinking, urban development, architecture, house,

Abstract :

 

Marginalization, a prominent challenge in Iran’s urbanization, manifests through the expansion of informal settlements on the urban periphery and significantly impacts residents’ quality of life. This multifaceted phenomenon, rooted in economic and social inequality and weak planning, has led communities to construct substandard housing lacking basic infrastructure. This study proposes vernacular architectural solutions to improve living conditions by identifying key challenges, critically analyzing the role of architecture, and formulating urban development models. Employing a qualitative, descriptive-analytical methodology, the research draws on a systematic review of 23 reputable sources from Iranian and international databases. Data were analyzed through thematic analysis using Maxqda, incorporating open coding to extract core concepts, axial coding to classify issues such as physical, environmental, and socio-cultural challenges, and interpretation of themes within a critical theoretical framework. Findings reveal that housing in these areas suffers from physical deficiencies (instability and overcrowding), environmental problems (pollution and poor site selection), and socio-cultural issues (isolation and erosion of identity), all stemming from structural inequities and inadequate planning. A critical perspective interprets these challenges as consequences of discriminatory policymaking and unjust systems, emphasizing the need to reimagine power relations and empower residents as agents of change. Proposed solutions include the use of local materials such as adobe and brick, incorporation of traditional courtyards, application of wind catchers for natural ventilation, and participatory design—strategies that respond to climatic and cultural conditions while reinforcing identity and interaction. Urban development models such as integration into the formal city, community empowerment, and land re-parcellation are also proposed to facilitate the spatial and social inclusion of marginalized areas. The study underscores the transformative potential of indigenous architecture in reimagining urban spaces, while noting that its success depends on revised macro-level policies and active collaboration between residents and institutions.

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