Designing an effective pattern of organizational punishment in government agencies

Subject Areas : Public Administration

مسعود صالحی ¹ , Hamid Rezaiefar ² , mohammad mohammadi ³ , حسین حکیم پور ⁴

1 - Management Department, Birjand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Birjand, Iran.
2 - Corresponding Author: Assistant Professor, Department of Management, Birjand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Birjand, Iran.
3 - Management Department, Birjand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Birjand, Iran.
4 - Management Department, Birjand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Birjand, Iran.

Received: 2025-02-12 Accepted : 2025-06-08 Published : 2025-09-15

Keywords: punishment, punishment, organizational punishment, behavior effectiveness,

Abstract :

Today, issues related to the punishment of employees in government agencies can be explored in a variety of aspects and are of particular importance. Punishment as human resource management tools can be very effective in improving performance and improving staff performance. The purpose of this study is to design the effective pattern of organizational punishment in government agencies.The research method is the quality of the theme analysis and the participants of this research is 9 of the executives with a managerial experience at least 10 years. There are also three academic professors whose education is organizational and human resources, psychology, law and sociology with an assistant to at least 10 years. Data analysis, through open coding, is a pivotal version of Max Kioda version 22. Research findings include three themes called the effectiveness of the organization's system, the effectiveness of the organization's structure, the effectiveness of punitive deterrence, and 10 components called the effectiveness of tuning goals, the effectiveness of the Tennibal, the effectiveness of time and place, the effectiveness of the punishment mechanism, the effectiveness of the punishment. The effectiveness of problematic, modification, education, improvement of individual performance, improved organizational performance, and 140 indicators. According to the findings of the study, it is concluded that punishment is only one of the tools of human resource management and should not be used in an increased or overwhelming manner. The clever use of these tools, along with motivational and educational approaches, can lead to a good balance in the human resource management process and ultimately help improve the performance and performance of government agencies.

 

References:

 بابا احمدی علی، دوازده امامی سینا، ولایت زاده محمد.(1403). ارزیابی سیستم‌های تشویق و تنبیه کارکنان با رعایت اصول ایمنی و کاهش حوادث در صنایع (مطالعه موردی: پالایشگاه گاز گورزین قشم). مجله مهندسی بهداشت محیط. ،۱۱ (۳) :۳۲۹-346. https://civilica.com/doc/2029676/
 پناهی، علی احمد. (1397). اقتضائات اخلاقی کاربرد تشویق و تنبیه در پرورش فرزند از دیدگاه اسلام. فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی مطالعات اخلاق کاربردی، 14(30)، 31-54. jare.2018.50166.1194/10.22081
 چترچی، نوش آفرین و فقیهی پور، جواد. (1399). شناسایی ابزارهای تنبیه کارکنان با رویکرد مدیریت بین‌نسلی در سازمان تأمین اجتماعی. تأمین اجتماعی،16(1)،13-87. https://qjo.ssor.ir/article_105663.html
 چترچی، نوش‌آفرین و جواد فقیهی پور .(1398). همکاری در طرح پژوهشی طراحی الگوی مدیریت منابع انسانی مبتنی بر تفاوت نسلها در سازمان تأمین اجتماعی) با تأکیدی بر جنبه های انگیزشی مدیریت کارکنان(مؤسسه عالی پژوهش تأمین اجتماعی) ، https://www.sid.ir/paper/952061/fa
 چترچی، نوش‌آفرین و جواد فقیهی پور .(1399). مدیریت بین نسلی در سازمان تأمین اجتماعی. با همکاری انجمن مدیریت ایران و اتحادیه انجمن های علمی، فناوری، نوآوری و تجاریسازی، تهران، انتشارات دارالفنون، چاپ اول.
 حاجی ده‌ آبادی، احمد. (1387). قواعد فقه جزایی، قم، حوزه و دانشگاه، اول.
 حاجی ده آبادی، محمدعلی.(1392).تقریرات درس کیفرشناسی استاد مدرسه عالی تخصصی فقه، گروه فقه و حقوق قضایی.
 سجادی، سید یاسر، هادوی نژاد،مصطفی، ضیاالدینی، محمد و بهشتی فر،ملیکه. (1402). مطالعۀ تطبیقی تشویق و تنبیه مدیران امورعمومی در نظام علوی با دیگر نظام های رایج مدیریتی. تعالی منابع انسانی.4(3)، 114-141 https://www.sid.ir/paper/1115933/fa
 سیدجوادین، سیدرضا. (1400).مدیریت منابع انسانی و امور کارکنان، نگاه دانش
 قمری، نوشین،قاسمی پیربلوطی، مجمد، نصر اصفهانی، مهدی و بقایی حسین آبادی، مهدی. (1396). پیش بینی سلامت عمومی کارکنان با استفاده از نظام تشویق و تنبیه، عملکرد فردی و عملکرد سازمانی در شرکت گاز شهر اصفهان. دانش و پژوهش در روان شناسی کاربردی، 18(1)، 119-126. https://sid.ir/paper/164036/fa
 قیاسی، جلال الدین و دیگران. (1385). مطالعه تطبیقی حقوق جزای عمومی ‏(‏‏اسلام و حقوق موضوعه)، پژوهشگاه حوزه و دانشگاه، قم، ج1.
 کدخدایی، عباسعلی، و فلاح سلوکلایی، محمد. (1390). عنوان فارسی: نظام تشویق و تنبیه کارگزاران حکومتی در اسلام (عنوان عربی: نظام الترغیب والترهیب لموظفی الحکومة فی الإسلام). حکومت اسلامی، 16(3 )، SID. https://sid.ir/paper/487998/fa
 گلدوزیان، ایرج. (1391). بایسته‌های حقوق جزای عمومی، تهران، میزان، چاپ دوازدهم.
 محمدی مقدم،یوسف، وهاب زاده, شادان, تقوی قاسم آباد، امیرحسین و معدنی،جواد. (1394). رابطه کنترل سازمانی ادراک شده و ترس از مجازات، با وقت گذرانی اینترنتی کارکنان در محیط کار (مورد مطالعه: گروه صنعتی ایران خودرو. مطالعات مدیریت کسب و کار هوشمند.3(12)، 21-52، https://ims.atu.ac.ir/article_1962.html
 محمدی، سید یحیی.(1401). روانشناسی یادگیری، نشر روان
 مسافری قمی، مراد؛ عباسعلی رستگار، عادل آذر و حسین دامغانیان .(1396). شناسایی نسلها در محل کار ایران، مدیریت فرهنگ سازمانی. 15(4)، 947-975 doi:10.22059/JOMC.2017.62533
 موحد، محمد علی. (1381). در هوای حق و عدالت، تهران، نشر کارنامه، چاپ اول.
منابع لاتین  Aathira, T., Rangasami, P., & Narassima, M. S. (2023). Situational analysis and conceptual model development of crimes against women and children. International Journal of Sustainable Society, 15(1), 75-95. doi: 10.1504/ijssoc.2023.128361
 Adityarini, C. (2022). Pengaruh Reward dan Punishment Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan”. Ulil Albab: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin, Vol.1 No,6, pp.1430-1439.
 Amalia, A. R. A., & Maupa, H. (2023). The Effect of Reward and Punishment on Employee Performance with Work Discipline as Intervening Variable at PT BPRS Niaga Madani. Economics and Business Journal (ECBIS), 1(5), 661-672. https://doi.org/10.47353/ecbis.v1i5.78
 Amalia, A. R. A., & Maupa, H. (2023). The Effect of Reward and Punishment on Employee Performance with Work Discipline as Intervening Variable at PT BPRS Niaga Madani. Economics and Business Journal (ECBIS), 1(5), 661-672. https://doi.org/10.47353/ecbis.v1i5.78
 Armstrong, M. (2001). A Handbook of Human Resources Management Practice (8th edition).London: Kogan Page Limited. 22. Piccolo RF, Colquitt GA (2006). Transformation leadership and job behavior: The mediating role of core job characteristics. Acad. Manage. J., 49(2): 327- 340.
 Asadullah, A. B. M., Juhdi, N. B., Islam, M. N., Ahmed, A. A. A., & Abdullah, A. B. M. (2019). The effect of reinforcement and punishment on employee performance. ABC Journal of Advanced Research, 8(2), 47-58. doi:10.18034/abcjar.v8i2.87
 Asmalah, L., & Yudho, P. (2022).Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja dan Motivasi terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Nimbuspost di Jakarta. Fair Value: Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi dan Keuangan, 5(3),1497-1504. https://doi.org/10.32670/fairvalue.v5i3.2668
 Ball, G.A., Trevino, L.K., and Sims, Jr, H.P. (1994) Just and unjust punishment: Influences on subordinate performance and citizenship, Academy of Management Journal, 37, 1, 299-322. https:// doi:10.2307/256831
 Bandura, A. (1976).Self-reinforcement: Theoretical and methodological considerations. Behaviorism, vol. 4, pp. 135-155. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191
 Baskerville, R., and Siponen, M. (2002) An information security meta-policy for emergent organizations, Logistics Information Management, 15, 5-6, 337-346. https://10.1108/09576050210447019
 Brewer, G. A., & Walker, R. M. (2013). Personnel constraints in public organizations: The impact of reward and punishment on organizational performance. Public administration review, 73(1), 121-131. https://10.2307/23355445.
 Burns N, Grove SK. (2005).The practice of nursing research; conduct, critique, and utilization. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders Business Students. Fifth edition. Prentice hall.
 Conger, J.A. and Kanungo, R.N. (1988).The empowerment process: Integrating theory and practice," Academy of management review,13(1), 471-482. https://doi.org/10.2307/258093
 Curtis, G., Calabrese., Brett, R.C., Molesworth., Julie, Hatfield. (2023). The effect of punishment and feedback on correcting erroneous behavior. Journal of Safety Research, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2023.09.001
 D., N., K., Sarma. (2024). Investigation into Factors Inflencing Employee Deviant Behaviour in Workplace.. Deleted Journal, https://doi.org/ 10.52783/jes.3004
 Diawati, P., Noorsyafira, N., & Sugesti, H. (2024). Pengaruh Reward Dan Punishment Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada Pt Pos Indonesia (Persero) Kota Padang. Land Journal, 5(2), 396-403. https://doi.org/ 10.47491/landjournal.v5i2.3668
 Dunija, T. (2016). “Pengaruh Sistem Reward dan Punishment terhadap Peningkatan Disiplin Kerja Karyawan PT. Tunggal Perkasa Plantation-3 Kecamatan Sampoiniet Kabupaten Aceh Jaya”. Jurnal Serambi Akademica, 4(1), 28-36. https://doi.org/10.32672/jsa.v7i2
 Dymastara, E. S., & Onsardi, O. (2020). “Analisis Reward dan Punishment terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT. Sandabi Indah Lestari Bengkulu Utara”. Jurnal Entrepreneur dan Manajemen Sains (JEMS), 1(2),160-167. https://doi.org/10.36085/jems.v1i2.920
 Farizky, M. T., & Hermiati, N. F. (2023). “Pengaruh Sistem Reward dan Punishment terhadap Kinerja Karyawan dengan Produktivitas Kerja Sebagai Variabel Intervening pada PT. Baja Karya Utama Bekasi”. Management Studies and Entrepreneurship Journal (MSEJ), 4(4), 3468-3475. https://doi.org/10.37385/msej.v4i4.2146
 Frey, E., Adams, G. S., Pfeffer, J., & Belmi, P. (2023). What we (do not) know about punishment across organizational boundaries. Journal of Management, 49(1), 196-236. https://doi.org/10.1177/01492063221106420
 Galiya, Sansyzbayeva., Riflan, Naverdinov., Askar, Askerov. (2023). On the Problem of Human Bias in the Management of the Organization's Personnel. Университет еңбектері, https://doi.org/ 10.52209/1609-1825_2023_3_373
 Herath, T., and Rao, H. R. (2009a) Encouraging information security behaviors in organizations: Role of penalties,pressures and perceived effectiveness, Decision Support Systems, 47(2), 154-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2009.02.005
 Herath, T., and Rao, H. R. (2009b) Protection motivation and deterrence: a framework for security policy compliance in organizations, European Journal of Information Systems, 18(2), 106-125. https://doi.org/10.1057/ejis.2009.6
 Hidayat, T. (2023). Peranan Reward Dan Punishment Dalam Mengelola Sumber Daya Manusia. The World of Business Administration Journal. https://doi.org/ 10.37950/wbaj.vi.1667
 Indrawan, M. I. (2023). The Influence of Work Stress, Rewards and Punishments on Organizational Commitment with Work Conflict as an Intervening Variable in the Department of Public Works and Spatial Planning in Binjai City. SINOMIKA Journal: Publikasi Ilmiah Bidang Ekonomi dan Akuntansi, 2(3), 381-396. https://doi.org/10.54443/sinomika.v2i3.1326
 Johnson, R., & Raphael, S. (2012). How much crime reduction does the marginal prisoner buy?. The Journal of Law and Economics, 55(2), 275-310. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/664073 .
 Johnson, R.E., Chang, C., and Yang, L., (2010). Commitment and motivation at work: the relevance of employee identity and regulatory focus, Academy of Management Review, 35(2), 226-245. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.2010.48463332.
 Mooijman, M., Van Dijk, W. W., Ellemers, N., & Van Dijk, E. (2015). Why leaders punish: A power perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 109(1), 75. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000021
 Muna, N., & Isnowati, S. (2022). Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja, Motivasi Kerja, dan Pengembangan Karir terhadap Kinerja Karyawan (Studi pada PT LKM Demak Sejahtera). Jesya (Jurnal Ekonomi dan Ekonomi Syariah), 5(2),1119-1130. https://doi.org/10.36778/jesya.v5i2.652
 Nigusie, G.T. and Getachew, H., 2019. The effect of reward system on employee creativity. Journal of Higher Education Service Science and Management (JoHESSM), 2(1), 1-20
 Putra, R., lima Krisna, N., & Ali, H. (2021). A review literature employee performance model: leadership style, compensation and work discipline. Dinasti International Journal of Management Science, 3(1), 56-66. https://doi.org/10.31933/dijms.v3i1
 Saraswati, S., Mustafa, H., & Farida, U. (2023). Implementation Of Reward And Punishment On The Performance Of Asn And Non Asn At The Regional Secretariat Of Luwu Utara District. Point of View Research Economic Development, 4(1), 1-5. http://www.journal.accountingpointofview.id/index.php/POVRED/article/view/246
 Sarma, D. R. L., Swarupa, P., & Verma, H. (2024). Investigation into Factors Inflencing Employee Deviant Behaviour in Workplace. Journal of Electrical Systems, 20(3), 807-813. https://doi.org/10.52783/jes.3004
 Sembiring, M., Sitepu, I. U., & Hutasoit, P. Y. (2021). “Pengaruh Reward and Punishment terhadap Disiplin Kerja Karyawan pada PT Fajar Baru Sukses Kabanjahe”. Jurnal Agroteknosains, 5(2),14-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36764/ja.v5i2.620
 Seungwon, Yu., Eun, Ji, Yoo., Suhee, Kim. (2021). The effects of performance evaluation on punishment in organisations. International Review of Administrative Sciences, doi: 10.1177/00208523211043362
 Siponen, M., and Vance, A. (2010) Neutralization: new insights into the problem of employee information systems security policy violations, MIS Quarterly, 34(3), 487-502. https://doi.org/10.2307/25750688
 Siponen, M., Pahnila, S., and Mahmood, M.A. (2010) Compliance with information security policies: An empirical investigation, Computer, 43, 2, 64-71. https://doi.org/ 10.1109/MC.2010.35
 Skaggs, B. C., Manz, C. C., Lyle, M. C., & Pearce, C. L. (2018). On the folly of punishing A while hoping for A: Exploring punishment in organizations. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 39(6), 812-815. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2287
 Smimons,L.Bert,"The leader 's power to discipline",October 24,2010, www.bertlsimmons.com
 Sober, E. (2014). Mentalism and behaviorism in comparative psychology, in Comparing behavior, ed: Psychology Press.
 Vance, A., Siponen, M., and Pahnila, S. (2012). Motivating IS security compliance: Insights from Habit and Protection Motivation Theory, Information & Management, 49, 3-4, 190-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2012.04.002
 Yan, H., Hu, X., & Wu, C. H. (2021). When and how can organizational punishment stop unethical pro-organizational behaviors in hospitality?. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 94, 102811. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102811
 Zoghbi Manrique de Lara, P. (2006). Fear in organizations: Does intimidation by formal punishment mediate the relationship between interactional justice and workplace internet deviance?. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21(6), 580-592. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940610684418