Evaluation of the efficiency of the sono-electrochemical process for the removal of environmental pollutants in aquatic ecosystems (Case study: formaldehyde removal)
amir mohammad farhoodi
1
,
Amirhessam Hassani
2
,
Giti Kashi
3
,
amirhossein javid
4
,
Nabiallah Mansouri
5
1 - PhD Student, Department of Environmental Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 - Department Environmental Pollution, Faculty of Energy and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
3 - 3) Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
4 - 2) Professor, Department of Environmental Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
5 - 2) Professor, Department of Environmental Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Keywords: Formaldehyde, Kinetick model, Sono-electrochemistry, Taguchi, Ultrasound.,
Abstract :
According to the US Environmental Protection Agency, formaldehyde is classified as a Group 1 carcinogen. A threshold concentration of 1.61 mg/L of formaldehyde has been proposed to protect aquatic ecosystems. As a result, wastewater containing formaldehyde should be treated before discharge to the environment to protect aquatic ecosystems and human health. The aim of this applied research is to investigate the efficiency of formaldehyde removal from urban drinking water by the advanced sono-electrochemical oxidation process. This research was conducted on a laboratory scale and in a single-pole sono-electrochemical batch reactor. Certain amounts of formaldehyde were added to a sample of urban drinking water in Tehran. The removal efficiency was investigated using zinc-copper electrodes (due to the establishment of the best potential) in different conditions of pH (11-3), time (0-32 minutes), formaldehyde concentration (110-330 mg/L), current density (4-8 mW/cm2) and electric power (50-100 W). The measurement of the residual formaldehyde concentration was carried out by spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 400 nm using the colorimetric method with chromotropic acid 6252. The results were analyzed with absorption kinetic models and one-way analysis of variance. All stages of the research were carried out in accordance with ethical standards. The best removal conditions of 110 mg/L formaldehyde (100% efficiency) were obtained at a contact time of 32 min, an optimum pH of 3, a current density of 12 mA/cm2 and an electrical power of 150 W. The process followed a first-order kinetic model (R2 = 0.9994) and one-way analysis of variance. Concentration was the most important variable based on the formaldehyde removal efficiency obtained by the Taguchi model. This study provides new insights into the study of sono-electrochemical treatment for formaldehyde removal via direct oxidation (electrolysis and sonolysis) and indirect oxidation.
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