Explaining physical morphological components in urban space (Study sample: Gheytariyeh neighborhood of Tehran city)

Subject Areas :

nikoo aghvami ¹ , Hamid Majedi ² , Zahra sadat saeideh zarabadi ³

1 - Ph.D. Student in Faculty of urbanism, Department of Art and Architecture, west tehran, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 - Prof., Faculty of urbanism, Department of Art and Architecture , Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
3 - Associate Prof, Faculty of urbanism, Department of Art and Architecture , Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

Received: 2019-05-16 Accepted : 2019-10-18 Published : 2022-07-23

Keywords: Urban space, : Urban Morphology, Urban Analysis, Block Analysis and Texture, Centrality Indicators,

Abstract :

Morphology examines the cities as the human resorts, which contain form. The morphologists study the process of urban development as well the progression of the morphologic element. The buildings, land development, streets, and texture structures are considered as the main elements of urban morphology. The main question is whether changes in morphology will lead to improvement in structural function. So, the aim of present study is to develop a unified model for morphological studies to explain the structural-morphologic components. Using a method called ad hoc scrutiny and diagrams analysis, the author has found three main structural-morphologic components (streets pattern, blocs pattern and zone pattern). In this regard, the technique of Urban Network Analysis (UNA) and the test of t-pair samples were chosen as the main tool. For this, Gheytarieh in Tehran was chosen as the study zone. It has planned, organic and semi-organic texture. The centrality indices which include accessibility, intermediacy, proximity, attraction and straightforwardness were evaluated in terms bloc, zone (area, shape, location), and roads network (the length and width of the route). It is worth to note that there was a huge building bloc in Gheytarieh (Sobhan Housing Complex) which distracted the whole location, since it obstructs the inter-textural accesses. Thus, in order to measure the effect of the morphological changes, the body modification was performed. The test of t-pair samples was carried out to measure the level of modification effects. The test results show that desired modifications in the form will lead to improvement in zone performance.

References:

1. Bouzir, T. A. K. and N. Zemmouri (2017). "Effect of urban morphology on road noise distribution." Energy Procedia 119: 376-385.


2. Bonczak, B. and C. E. Kontokosta (2019). "Large-scale parameterization of 3D building morphology in complex urban landscapes using aerial LiDAR and city administrative data." Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 73: 126-142.


3. Cremona, Matthew (2006): Public Places - Urban Spaces (Urban Design Dimensions), Group Translation of Urban Students, School of Architecture and Urban Planning. University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.[in Persian]


4. Carmona, M., Heath, T., Oc, T., & Tiesdell, S. (2014). Public Places Urban Spaces (Gharaei, Fariba., Shokoohi, Mahshid., Ahari, Zahra., & Salehi, Esmail,Trans.). Tehran, Iran: Art University.[in Persian]


5. Drach, P., et al. (2018). "Effects of atmospheric stability and urban morphology on daytime intra-urban temperature variability for Glasgow, UK." Science of The Total Environment 627: 782-791.


6. Ferdowsi, Sajjad, Shokri Firoozeh Jah, Perry (2015): Spatial-Physical Analysis of Urban Areas Based on Smart Growth Indicators. Journal of Urban Research and Planning, 6 (22), 15-32.[in Persian]


7. Golkar, K. (2011). Creating sustainable place: reflections on urban design theory. University of Shahid Beheshti Publications, 112-146.[in Persian]


8. Hao, Y., Kang, J., Krijnders, D., Wörtche, H.(2015) On the relationship between traffic noise resistance and urban morphology in low-density residential areas. Acta Acustica united with Acustica, 101(3),pp 510-519.


9. Han, X., et al. (2018). "Analysis of the relationships between environmental noise and urban morphology." Environmental Pollution 233: 755-763


10. Kropf, K. (2009). Aspects of urban form. Urban morphology 13(2), pp. 105-20


11. Morganti, M., et al. (2017). "Urban morphology indicators for solar energy analysis." Energy Procedia 134: 807-814.


12. Karami, Fariba, Rahnoor, Robab, Shojaeivand, Bahman (2016): Comparative Study of the Impact of Physical-Environmental Dimensions on Quality of Life in Cities. Case study: Ajabshir and Bonab. Scientific - Research Quarterly, Journal of Urban Planning and Research, 59-76(27)7.[in Persian]


13. Marrone, P., et al. (2018). "Environmental performance of universities: Proposal for implementing campus urban morphology as an evaluation parameter in Green Metric." Sustainable Cities and Society 42: 226-239.


14. Moudon, Anne vernez (1998). The changing morphology of suburban neighborhoods. In: Attilio petruccioli(ed.). "Typological process and design theory”. agha khan program for Islamic architecture, conference proceedings.


15. Municipality of Tehran District 1 (2016): Detailed Plan of District 1 of Tehran Municipality .[in Persian]


16. Madanipoor, A. (2008). Urban public and private spaces. Farshad Nourian, processing enterprises and urban planning, Tehran. [in Persian]


17. Parilla, J., & Trujillo, J.L.(2014). Asia-pacific metro monitor 2014: engines of global growth. General Information 42: 226-239.


18. .Moudon, Anne Vernez (1997). Urban morphology as in emerging interdisciplinary field. Urban morphology, 1, pp.3-10.


19. Merrifield, A. (2000). Henri Lefebvre, A socialist in space. In M.crang and N.122-130


20. Rietveld, T. and R. van Hout 2017. "The paired t test and beyond: Recommendations for testing the central tendencies of two paired samples in research on speech, language and hearing pathology." Journal of Communication Disorders 69: 44-57.pp


21. Makido, Y., Dhakal, S., Yamagata, Y. (2012)Relationship between urban form and CO 2 emissions: evidence from fifty Japanese cities. Urban Climate; 2012, 2,pp 55-67.


22. Sevtsuk A., Mekonnen M. (2012). Urban Network Analyses a Toolbox for ArcGIS 10. Singapore: Singapore University of Technology & Design in collaboration with MIT: 124-132.


23. Soltani, A., Panahi, N., & Niloufar. (2014). Capacity assessment of inter-city corridors based on structural features and links to adjacent activities; Case study of District 6 of Shiraz Municipality. Journal of Urban Research and Planning, 5 (19), 21-38.[in Persian]


24.  


25. Zhou, H. and H. Gao 2018 "The impact of urban morphology on urban transportation mode: A case study of Tokyo." Case Studies on Transport Policy.


26. Silva, L. T., Oliveira, M., Silva, J. F.( 2014) Urban form indicators as proxy on the noise exposure of buildings. Applied acoustics; 2014, 76,pp 366- 376.


27. Tang, U. W., Wang, Z. S.(2007)Influences of urban forms on traffic-induced noise and air pollution: Results from a modelling system. Environmental Modelling & Software, 22(12), 1750-1764;


28. Wang, B., et al. (2018). "Wind potential evaluation with urban morphology - A case study in Beijing." Energy Procedia 153: pp 62-67.


29. Jhaldiyal, A., et al. (2018). "Urban Morphology Extractor: A spatial tool for characterizing urban morphology." Urban Climate 24: pp 237-246.


30. Wang, B., et al. (2017). "Cross indicator analysis between wind energy potential and urban morphology." Renewable Energy 113: 989-1006.


31. Wang, B. and Kang, J.(2011) Effects of urban morphology on the traffic noise distribution through noise mapping: A comparative study between UK and China. Applied Acoustics, 72(8), pp.556-568.


32. Xu, Y., et al. (2017). "Urban morphology detection and computation for urban climate research." Landscape and Urban Planning 167: pp 212-224.


33. You, Y. and S. Kim (2018). "Revealing the mechanism of urban morphology affecting residential energy efficiency in Seoul, Korea." Sustainable Cities and Society 43: 176-190


34. Zhou, X. and H. Chen (2018). "Impact of urbanization-related land use land cover changes and urban morphology changes on the urban heat island phenomenon." Science of The Total Environment 635: 1467-1476.