Structural analysis of Livability of Urban Deteriorated Textures with a Futuristic Approach(Case study: Deteriorated Texture of region 1 of Qazvin City)

Subject Areas :

Marziye Taleshi Anbohi ¹ (Department of Geography, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran)
esmaeil aghaeizade ² (Department of Geography, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran)
Maryam Jafari Mehrabadi ³ (Department of Geography, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran)

Received: 2018-07-04 Accepted : 2019-10-18 Published : 2020-01-21

Keywords: livability, Structural Analysis, Future Studies, Deteriorated Texture, Qazvin City,

Abstract :

Abstract
        Awareness of the effects of increasing the livability of urban Deteriorated textures needs to provide a structural analysis of it in the future in order to increase the quality of such spaces, with the application of the livability approach, can be measured and evaluated and finally, help to create dynamic urban centers and sustainable districts. In this regard, this research has been carried out with the final aim of structural analysis of the livability of urban deteriorated textures of Qazvin city with a futuristic approach. This study is considered descriptive-analytical paper in terms of methodology and in term of target is a practical one. Data and research information are gathered using documentary and field studies. The statistical population of the study was 61 experts who were selected by purposeful sampling. The number of 14 variables were identified and analyzed by MIC MAC software to determine the future of livability of urban deteriorated textures. The results indicate that the degree of filling is 80.79%, which demonstrates the high impact of factors on each other. In addition, of the total of 155 measurable relations in this matrix, 41 relations are number zero (lack of impact), 27 relations are number one (low impact), 36 relations are number two (strong impact) and, 92 relations are number three (significantly high impact). So, Findings of the study of the key variables affecting the status of urban deteriorated textures in the study area expresses the instability of these areas in relation to future livability.
 
Key Words: livability, deteriorated texture, Structural Analysis, Future Research, Qazvin City.
 



 


 
 



 
Extended Abstract
Introduction:
       The urbanization of the world's population and the globalization of the cities and their role in the national and global development are the main concepts in the transition from the agricultural age civilization to the industrial and business one. The consequences and effects of the rapid growth of urbanization would lead to the concentration of more than 60 percent of the world's population in cities, with 3.1 billion populations by 2030. So, in the present era, the urban, the urbanism and the citizenship have become the most important issues, influential on the qualitative and quantitative aspects of the human life. People expect higher standards of the urban environment in which they live. The urban deteriorated fabrics are among the most important aspects of the cities, which could be the cause and effect of many urban problems. Despite the turn in the urban developmental pattern’s policies in the recent decade from the horizontal development to the investment in the urban fabrics, the biological system of these fabrics has impairment and inefficiency in terms of both the structure and the function of the critical components. Therefore, identifying and understanding the needs of the citizens (the subjective demand) and the livability of these residences (the objective suitable conditions) enhance the quality of life (the subjective satisfaction) in the urban areas and provide a basis for the sustainable development. Since the task of the future city is paying attention to the most important concerns of a human being in the form of his activities, creating a livable city is a great and complex commitment; and the urban residents need the support of the urban planners in terms of the livability indicators.
Methodology:
         This research was applied according to the subject and the purpose and it was explanatory based on the new methods of the futures study. A library-survey method was used for collecting the data in order to obtain the necessary theoretical insight and to study the research literature. Delphi questionnaires were prepared numerically and through weighting. The interaction matrix was formed in two stages after collecting the indicators and variables, so that the indicators have been placed in its rows and columns. Regarding the factors influential on the livability of the urban deterioratedfabrics, the viewpoints of the sixteen professors and experts in urban livability from academic and research centers were taken using Delphi technique. The weight of this questionnaire was measured by pairwise comparisons. Also, the amount of the relation among the variables was assessed with numbers ranging from zero to three. The Delphi technique requires obtaining the data from the elites and specialists and analyzing them. The purposive sampling was used to select the Delphi team, since the research aim was not to generalize the results. The criteria for selecting the elites included the theoretical proficiency, the practical experience, the willingness and the ability to participate in the research and their accessibility. The important point in determining the number of elites was to ensure the comprehensiveness of the different viewpoints in the research. The scoring was done through the Interaction Technique (Structural Analysis Method) using the MIC MAC software.
Results and discussion:
        The purpose of this study was to identify the most important factors influential on the future status of the urban deteriorated fabrics' livability in zones one, two and three of Qazvin city’s district one and studying to what extent and how these factors could have such influence using futures studies approach. In this study, Delphi technique was used to identify the primary variables influential on the future of the livability of the studied deteriorated fabrics, due to their dispersal and overlap with the urban livability. Also, the structural interaction analysis was used to examine to what extent and how the factors influenced it and finally to identify the key factors in the livability of the urban deteriorated fabrics. After library studies, to identify the influential factors on the livability of the urban deteriorated fabrics, 14 factors were identified and a 14 * 14 matrix was arranged in six different domains. In general, the results of the interaction analysis showed that the overall pattern of the dispersion of the key factors in the livability of the urban deteriorated fabrics indicates the status of an unsustainable environmental system. In such system, the key factors have complex and interstitial condition in terms of the influence and affectedness. Among the 14 identified variables for the livability of the deteriorated fabrics, 6 ones were identified as the key factors in the livability of Qazvin city’s deteriorated fabrics including the attractive public territories, the security and safety, the recreation and leisure, the accessibility, the environmental health and the public transport.
Conclusion:
        The purpose of this study was to identify the most important factors influential on the future status of the urban deteriorated fabrics' livability in zones one, two and three of Qazvin city’s district one and studying to what extent and how these factors could have such influence using futures studies approach. In this study, Delphi technique was used to identify the primary variables influential on the future of the livability of the studied deteriorated fabrics, due to their dispersal and overlap with the urban livability. Also, the structural interaction analysis was used to examine to what extent and how the factors influenced it and finally to identify the key factors in the livability of the urban deteriorated fabrics. After library studies, to identify the influential factors on the livability of the urban deteriorated fabrics, 14 factors were identified and a 14 * 14 matrix was arranged in six different domains. The dispersion of the key variables influential on the livability of the urban deteriorated fabrics of the zones one, two and three of Qazvin city district one indicated the unsustainability of the system. Much of the livability factors of the deteriorated fabrics was scattered around the diametric pivot axis of the plate. Except a few cases that showed their high influence on the system, the other variables had almost the same status relative to each other. Other findings also indicated that among the 14 studied factors in this research, six factors were selected as the key ones influencing the livability of the urban deteriorated fabrics. The variables such as the attractive public territories, the security and safety and the recreation and leisure in the risk area (Northeast zone), and the factors including accessibility, the environmental health and the public transportation in the zone one had the highest influence and the lowest affectedness. They were the most influential and crucial factors from the experts' viewpoints. The variables such as housing, the trust-participation and the satisfaction, the social interactions and relationships, the identity and sense of belonging to a place, the historical-natural landscape and the respect are among the variables with the low influence and high affectedness. In fact, these variables played a strategic role in the livability of the deteriorated fabrics of the studied area, but their status in the future depends on the constructive effects of the other variables.

References:

1. 1.       Akbari, N. Moeaifar,R. Mirzaei Khondabi, F. (2017): Analysis  livability in deteriorated fabrics' Esfehan city’s Emphasizing on Urban Development Strategy, Journal of Urban Economics and Management, Volume 6, Number 21, pp. 50-33.


2. 2.       Badland, H. and L,A. Whitzman. and H. Butterworth, (2014): Urban Liveability: Emerging Lesson From Australian for exploring the potential for indicators to measure the social determinants of health, Social Science and Medicine, No 111, pp 64-73.


3. 3.       Bandarabad, A(2011):Livability city’s from basics to meanings , Azarakhsh Publications, First Edition, Tehran.


4. 4.       Batey,P. (2000): Urban Regeration in Britain: Progress Princip les and Prospects, Interational symposium on Rengeneration of City Down Town. www.prsco.agbi.tsukuba.ac.jp


5. 5.       Benjamin L. S. (2013): Spatial Pattern of Urban Livability in Himalayan Region: Acase of Aizwal City, India. Soc Indic Res, pp 541-559.


6. 6.       Cities Plus, (2003): A Sustainable Urban System: the Long Term Plan fir Greater Vancuouver, Vancouver, Canada, Cities PLUS.


7. 7.       City and Planning Consulting Engineers (2016): Qazvin Development and Civil Development Plan, Qazvin Province Road and Urban Development, Volume II.


8. 8.       Dickens, P. (2003): Urban Sociology, Local Community Society and its Nature, Mashhad: Astan Quds Razavi Publications.


9. 9.       Esaluo, A. Bayat,M. Bahrami, A.(2014): Livability  Imagery, A New Approach to Improving the Quality of Life in Rural Communities (Case Study: Qom City, Kohak District) », Journal of Environmental and Rural Housing, Volume 33, Number 146, pp. 120-107.


10. 10.    Eslater, R.(2007): Contemplation for the New Millennium, Future Research Concepts, Methods, and Ideas, translation by Aghil Malekifar and et al, Defense Industries Educational and Research Institute Publications, Second Edition, Tehran Future Research Center.


11. 11.    Evans. Peter(2002): Livable Cities: Urban Struggles for Livelihood and sustainability, Berkeley: University of California Press.


12. 12.    Faiz, A. (2000): Sustainable trantsport for the developing world: the social and environmental nexus. J. Transp. Eng. 126,pp 451-454.


13. 13.    Habibi, D.(2013): Investigating the factors affecting the decline of vitality and liviability of historical and deteriorated fabrics'( Sang siyah District of Shiraz), Quarterly Iranian Islamic City, No. 14, pp. 80


14. 14.    Harman Shah, A.H. and M. Ahmad Fariz, (2008): SPATIAL URBAN METABOLISM FOR LIVABLE CITY, Blueprints for Sustainable Infrastructure Conference 9-12 December , Auckland, NZ, pp9-12.


15. 15.    Harman, S. Abdul, H. & Mohamed, Ahmad, F., SPATIAL URBAN METABOLISM FOR LIVABLE CITY, Blueprints for Sustainable Infrastructure Conference 9-12 December , Auckland, NZ, 2008.


16. 16.    Herrman, T. and R. Lewis, (2017):


17. 17.    Heydari, T. Shamaei, A. Sasanpour, F. Soleymani,M. Ahadnejhad Roshti, M.(2015): Assessing the liviability of deteriorated fabrics' and its reinforcement strategies (Case study: deteriorated fabrics' of Zanjan), Sustainable City Journal, Volume 2, Number 2, pp. 43-23.


18. 18.    Heydari, T. Shamaei, A., Sasanpour, F. Soleymani, M. Ahadnejhad Roshti, M.(2017): Analysis of Factors Affecting the livability of deteriorated fabrics' (Case Study: deteriorated fabrics' of Central Zanjan city’s), Geographical Space Quarterly, Volume 17, Number 57, pp. 25-1.


19. 19.    Heydari, T.(2016): Assessment livability of deteriorated fabrics' (Case Study: Zanjan city’s), Doctoral dissertation on Geography and Urban Planning, with the guidance of Dr. Ali Shamaei, School of Geography, Kharazmi University.


20. 20.    Iran Statistical Center, 2016


21. 21.    Jacobs, A., & Appleyard, D. (1987). Toward an urban design manifesto. Journal of the American Planning Association, 53(1), pp 112–120.


22. 22.    Jafari Asadabadi, H.(2013):Survey livability  of city’s Towards Sustainable Urban Development (Case Study: Tehran Metropolis), Master's Degree in Geography and Urban Planning, with guidance: Dr Farzaneh Sasanpour, School of Geography, Kharazmi University.


23. 23.    Jasmine, L.L. and A. Hazriza Hashim, (2010): Liveability Dimensions and Attributes: Their Relative Importance in the Eyes of Neighbourhood Residents. Journal of Construction in Developing Countries, Vol. 15(1),pp 67–91.


24. 24.    Kamanroodi Kojori, M. (2007): Definitions of Burnout and Intervention System, Iranshahr Thought Quarterly, Volume 2, No. 9 and Tenth, pp. 29-56.


25. 25.    Khasheei, R.(2002): Journey to the Future (Futures Studies, Concepts, Principles and Methods), First Edition, Ordibehesht Art Media Publishing, Tehran.


26. 26.    Khazaeinejhad, F. Tavalaei, S. Rafiriyan, M. Zangane, A. Soleymani Mehranjani, M.(2016): Urban livability : Concepts, Principles, Dimensions and Indicators, Journal of Urban Planning Geography Research, Volume 4, Number 1, pp. 27-50.


27. 27.    Khorasani, M.(2012): Explaining the livability of Suburban Villages with Quality of Life Approach (Case Study: Varamin County). Doctoral dissertation on Geography and Rural Planning, with guidance: Dr. Mohammad Reza Razvani, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran.


28. 28.    Landry, Ch. (2000): Urban Vitality: A New source of Urban Competitiveness, prince claus fund journal, ARCHIS issue Urban Vitality / Urban Heroes.


29. 29.    Lindgren, M. Band Hold, H.(2013): Designing the Scenario "Future Link to Strategies", Translated by: Farideh Faryabi, First Edition, Urmia University Press, Urmia.


30. 30.    Litman, T.A. (2004): Economic Value of Walkability, World Transport Policy & Practice, Volume 10, Number 1, pp 20-31.


31. 31.    Maccrea, R.  and P. Walters, (2012): Impacts of Urban Consolidation on Urban Liveability: Comparing an Inner and Outer Suburb in Brisbane, Australia, Jurnal Housing, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp 190-206.


32. 32.    Malek Hosseini, A. Malekpour, M. (2016): Kermanshah City Life Assessment, Journal of Geography, Civil Engineering, Urban Development, Architecture, Volume 2, Number 20, pp. 62-53.


33. 33.    Mansouri Birjandi, S. (2014): Regional Development Policy Making with the Assumption Planning Approach (AMP) ؛ (Case Study: Tehran Province), MA Thesis in Urban Planning, Regional Planning, with guidance: Dr Nader Zali, Faculty of Architecture-Art, University of Guilan.


34. 34.    McCann, E. J.(2007): Inequlity and pplitic city-region: Questions of Livability and state strategy. International Journal of and Regional Research, Vol. 31(1), pp188-196.     


35. 35.    Momtaz, R. and Y. Elsemary, (2015): Qualitaive Conceptions of Livability between Theory and Application in Egypt. International Conference on IT, Architecture and Mechanical Engineering (ICITAME 2015) May 22-23, 2015 Dubai(UAE).             


36. 36.    Myers, D. (1987). Community-relevant measurement of quality of life a focus on local trends. Urban Affairs Review, 23(1), 108–125.


37. 37.    Myers, D. (1987). Community-relevant measurement of quality of life a focus on local trends. Urban Affairs Review, 23(1), pp 108–125.


38. 38.    Naimi, K. Pourmohammadi, M.(2016): Identifying Key Factors Influencing the Future Situation of Sanandaj Urban Suburbs with Emphasis on Future Research, Urban Studies Quarterly, Volume 5, Number 20, pp. 64-53.


39. 39.    Omuta, G.E.D., “The quality of urban life and the perception of livability: A case study of neighbourhoods in Benin City, Nigeria”, Social Indicators Research, 20(4): pp. 417–440, 1988.


40. 40.    Pierson, Jane. and Cavanaugh and Hagan and Pierson and Mintz, (2010): ARTS AND LIVABILITY: THE ROAD TO BETTER METRICS, A Report from the June 7, 2010 NEA Research Forum, National Endowment for the Arts. No.1.


41. 41.    Porio, E. (2014). Sustainable development goals and quality of life targets: Insights from metro manila. Current Sociology, 63(2), pp 244–260.


42. 42.    Pourahmad, A.Zareei, J.(2015): Measuring quality of life in deteriorated fabrics' city(Case Study: District 9 of Tehran, Journal of Urban Research and Planning, Volume 6, Number 21, pp. 18-1.


43. 43.    Rbbani, T.(2012): Structural Analysis Method, a Tool for Identifying and Analyzing the Variables Affecting the Future of Urban Issues, Proceedings of the First National Future Research Conference, Yadegar Derakhshan Aria, pp. 259-29.


44. 44.    Roustaei, S. Ali Akbari, E. Hosseinzadeh, R.(2016): A Study of Key Factors Influencing the Growth of Large Cities (Case Study: Urmia City), Journal of Urban Research and Planning, Volume 7, Number 26, pp. 53-74.


45. 45.    Sabbaghi, A.(2013): Developing a Mechanism for Applying Urban Regeneration in the Face of Urban deteriorated fabrics' (Case Study: Zanjan City), Journal of Faculty of Earth Sciences, Volume 1, Number 11, pp. 57-79.


46. 46.    Savoj, m. Vaard, A.(2008): Urban Sociology, translation by Reza Abolghasempour, Sixth Edition, Samt Publications, Tehran.


47. 47.    Shahavi, S.(2014): Improving the Quality of Life in deteriorated Urban Areas: The Teachings of the Ludam Project, Iran Civil Development and Improvement Company Publication, Tehran, Iran.


48. 48.    Shamaei, A. Sasanpour, F. Soleymani, M.  Ahadnejhad Roshti, M. Heydari, T.(2016): Livability  Analysis of Urban deteriorated fabrics', Journal of Human Geography Research, Volume 2, Number 4, pp. 783-799.


49. 49.    UN-Habitat (2016). Urbanization and development: emerging futures.


50. 50.    Van Kamp,I. and K. Leidelmeijer. and G. Marsman. and A.D. Hollander.(2003): Urban environmental Quality and human well being-towards a conceptual famework and dearcation of  concepts: A literature study. Landscape and Urban Planning, pp5-18.


51. 51.    Vancouver M., “City of Vancouver Community Assessment Survey”, Executive Summary, 2004.


52. 52.    Wei, Z., Chiu, R.L.H. (2018). Livability of subsidized housing estates in marketized socialist China: An institutional interpretation. Cities, 83 (1), pp 108-117.


53. 53.    Wheller, S.M. (2001): Planning Sustainable and livability cities, Stephen, University of California at Berkeley Institute of Urban and Regional Development.


54. 54.    Yang, S. (2011): A livable City Study in China Using Structural Equation Models, Department of Statistics, Uppsala University.


55. 55.    Zali, N.(2009): Regional Development Forecasting Based on Scenario Planning Approach (Case Study: East Azarbaijan Province), Doctoral dissertation on Geography and Urban Planning, with guidance: Dr Mohammad Reza Pourmohammadi, Faculty of Geography, University of Tabriz.

Zamanipour, m.(2014):. Strategic Scenario of Regional Development (Case Study: Guilan Province), Master's Degree in Urban Planning-Regional Planning, under the guidance of Dr. Nader Zali, Faculty of Architecture-Art, University of Guilan