Subject Areas : Subjects

یاسر میناتور ¹ (دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی عمران - مهندسی آب، دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه)
افشین اقبال زاده ² (- استادیار گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه - پژوهشکده تحقیقات پیشرفته آب و فاضلاب، دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه)
میترا جوان ³ (استادیار گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه - پژوهشکده تحقیقات پیشرفته آب و فاضلاب، دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه)

Received: 2016-01-07 Accepted : 2016-01-07 Published : 2012-03-20

Keywords:

References:

1. Barani, G. A., Rahnama, M. B., andSohrabipoor, N. 2005. Investigation ofFlow Energy Dissipation over Different

Stepped Spillways. Am. J. Appl. Sci. 2:1101-1105.

2. Baylar, A., Emiroglu, M. E, and Bagatur,T. 2006. An experimental investigation ofaeration performance in steppedspillways. Water Environ. J. 20: 35–42.

3. Baylar, A., Bagatur, T., and Emiroglu, M.E. 2007. Prediction of oxygen content ofnappe, transition, and skimming flowregimes in stepped-channel chutes. JEnviron. Eng. Sci. 6: 201-208.

4. Boes, R. M., and Hager, W. H. 2003a.Two-Phase Flow Characteristics ofStepped Spillways. J. Hydraul. Eng.ASCE. 129: 661-670.

5. Boes, R. M., and Hager, W. H. 2003b.Hydraulic Design of Stepped Spillways. J.Hydraul. Eng. ASCE. 129: 671-679.

6. Carosi, G., and Chanson, H. (2008).Turbulence characteristics in skimmingflows on stepped spillways. Can. J. Civil.Eng. 35: 865-880.

7. Chamani, M. R, and Rajaratnam, N. 1999.Characteristics of kimming flow overstepped spillways. Journal of hydraulicsEngineering. ASCE. 125: 361-368. 

8. Chanson, H. 1993. Stepped SpillwayFlows and Air Entrainment. Can. J. CivilEng. 20: 422-435.

9. Chanson, H. 2002. The Hydraulics ofStepped Chutes and Spillways. BalkemaPublisher, Lisse, The Netherlands.

10. Chanson, H. 2004. Hydraulics of steppedchutes: The transition flow L’hydrauliquedes chutes en marches d’escalier:

L’écoulement de transition. J. Hydraul.Res. 42: 43–54.

11. Chanson, H., and Toombes, L. 1997. FlowAeration at Stepped Cascades. CE155,Department of Civil Engineering, theUniversity of Queensland.

12. Chanson, H., and Toombes, L. 2002a.Experimental investigations of airentrainment in transition and skimming

flows down a stepped chute. Can. J.Civil. Eng. 29: 145–156.

13. Chanson, H., Toombes, L. 2002b. Air–water flows down stepped chutes:turbulence and flow structureobservations. Int. J. Multiphas Flow. 28:1737–1761.

14. Cheng, X., Chen, Y., and Luo, L. 2006.Numerical simulation of air-water twophaseflow over stepped spillways. Sci.China Ser. E. 49: 674 – 684.

15. Chen, Q., Dai, G., and Liu, H. 2002.Volume of fluid model for turbulentnumerical simulation of stepped spillway

over flow. Journal of hydraulicsEngineering. ASCE. 128: 683-688.

16. Dong, Z. Y., and Lee, J. H. W. 2006.Numerical simulation of skimming flowover mild stepped channel. J.Hydrodyn.18: 367-371.

17. Fathi, A., Bina, M., and Musavi–Jahromi, H. 2009. Survey the effect ofdownstream crest chute slope on thenatural air entrainment point inskimming flow in stepped spillway.Journal of Water and Soil(Agricultural sciences andtechnology). 23: 156-167 (In persion).

18. Felder, S., and Chanson, H. 2009. Energydissipation, flow resistance and gas-liquidinterfacial area in skimming flows onmoderate-slope stepped spillways.Environmental Fluid Mechanics. 9: 427–441.

19. Fluent. Fluent 6.3 user guide. 2006. FluentInc.

20. Hirt, C. W., Nichols, B. D. 1981. Volumeof fluid (VOF) method for the dynamicsof free boundaries. J. Comput. Phys. 39:201-225.

21. Kisi, O., Emiroglu, M. E, and Baylar, A.2008. Flow Regime Prediction in SteppedChannels Using Neural ComputingTechnique. Int. J. Sci. Technol..118: 109-121.

22. Launder, B., and Spalding, D. B. 1974.Lectures in Mathematical Models ofTurbulence. Academic Press Inc, London.

23. Manninen, M., Taivassalo, V., and Kallio,S. 1996. On the Mixture Model forMultiphase Flow. VTT Publications288.Technical Research Centre ofFinland. 288: 1-65.

24. Peras, L., Royet, P., and Degoutte, G.1991. Ecoulement et dissipation sur lesdéversoirs en gradins de gabions. LaHouille Blanche. 1: 37-47.

25. Peyras, L., Royet, P., and Degoutte, G.1992. Flow and Energy Dissipation overStepped Gabion Weirs. J. Hydraul.Eng.ASCE. 118: 707-717.

26. Rajaratnam, N. 1990. Skimming flow instepped spillways. J. Hydraul. Eng.ASCE.. 116: 587- 595.

27. Salmasi, F., Bina, M., and Musavi–Jahromi, H. 2003. Evaluation ofenergy dissipation of flow overstepped spillway using physicalmodel. The Scientific Journal ofAgriculture. 26: 57-71 (In persion). 

28. Shih, T. H., Liou, W. W., Shabbir, A., andZhu, J. 1995. A New k-ε Eddy ViscosityModel for High Reynolds NumberTurbulent Flows. Comput. Fluids. 24:227-238.

29. Sorensen, R. M. 1985. Stepped spillwayhydraulic model investigation. J. Hydraul.Eng. ASCE. 111: 1461- 1472.

30. Tabbara, M., Chatila, J., and Awwad, R.2005. Computational simulation of flowover stepped spillways. Comput. Struct.83: 2215-2224.

31. Vali- Samani, M., and Nezarzadeh, M.2004. Evaluation of hydraulicgoverning principles and design ofstepped spillways. journal of faculty ofengineering (university of Tehran). 38:339-347 (In persion).

32. Warsi, Z. U. A. 2000. Fluid Dynamics:Theoreticaland ComputationalApproaches, CRC Press.

33. Yakhot, V., and Orszag, S. A. 1986.Renormalization group analysis ofturbulence. I. Basic theory. J. Sci.Comput. 1: 3-51.