ساخت و مشخصه یابی فوتوالکترود تیتانیوم دی اکسید مزو متخلخل قالب گیری شده ی اتصال یافته با بیسموت وانادات

Subject Areas : journal of New Materials

Reza Keshavarzi ¹ (Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Division, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran)
niloufar Afzali ² (Postdoctoral researcher, Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Division, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran.)

Received: 2022-07-15 Accepted : 2022-09-12 Published : 2022-01-21

Keywords: semiconductor, Bismuth vanadate, Mesoporous titanium dioxide,

Abstract :

Bismuth vanadate is one of the most widely used semiconductors for photoelectrochemical water splitting using sunlight due to its activity in the presence of visible light, stability, and cost-effectiveness. In addition to having a suitable band gap, this semiconductor has disadvantages such as high electron-hole recombination. In this research, with the aim of reducing electron-hole recombination and increasing the efficiency of bismuth vanadate photoelectrodes, templated mesoporous titanium dioxide prepared by P123, F127, and Brij 58 copolymers were used. The effect of three and two-block copolymers on the properties of prepared mesoporous synthesized titanium dioxide and their effect on the bismuth vanadate photoelectrode was investigated by FE-SEM, XRD, UV-vis, and BET analyses. These copolymers changed the porosity by creating cavities of different sizes, resulting in different loads of bismuth vanadate on titanium dioxide. To evaluate the photoelectrochemical results, LSV and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were performed on the photoelectrodes. Absorption in the visible region showed an increase in current at a potential of 1.23V vs RHE and a low charge transfer resistance in Meso TiO2 / BiVO4 samples. The results showed that the templated mesoporous titanium dioxide increases the activity of bismuth vanadate up to 2.5 times.

References:

[1]          Rongé, J.; Bosserez, T.; Huguenin, L.; Dumortier, M.; Haussener, S.; Martens, J. A., Solar hydrogen reaching maturity. Oil & Gas Science and Technology–Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles 2015, 70 (5), 863-876.

[2]          Choi, S. K.; Choi, W.; Park, H., Solar water oxidation using nickel-borate coupled BiVO4 photoelectrodes. Physical chemistry chemical physics 2013, 15 (17), 6499-6507.

[3]          Kim, Y. J.; Lee, Y. H.; Lee, M. H.; Kim, H. J.; Pan, J. H.; Lim, G. I.; Choi, Y. S.; Kim, K.; Park, N.-G.; Lee, C., Formation of efficient dye-sensitized solar cells by introducing an interfacial layer of long-range ordered



mesoporous TiO2 thin film. Langmuir 2008, 24 (22), 13225-13230.    

[4]          Li, Y.; Wang, Q.; Hu, X.; Meng, Y.; She, H.; Wang, L.; Huang, J.; Zhu, G., Constructing NiFe-metal-organic frameworks from NiFe-



layered double hydroxide as a highly efficient cocatalyst for BiVO4 photoanode PEC water splitting. Chemical Engineering Journal 2022, 433, 133592.

[5]          Habibi, M. H.; Nasr-Esfahani, M., Preparation, characterization and photocatalytic activity of a novel nanostructure composite film derived from nanopowder TiO2 and sol–gel process using organic dispersant. Dyes and pigments 2007, 75 (3), 714-722.

[6]          Quang, N. D.; Van, P. C.; Majumder, S.; Jeong, J.-R.; Kim, D.; Kim, C., Optimization of photogenerated charge transport using type-II heterojunction structure of CoP/BiVO4: WO3 for high efficient solar-driver water splitting. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2022, 899, 163292.

[7]          Amini, M.; Keshavarzi, R.; Mirkhani, V.; Moghadam, M.; Tangestaninejad, S.; Mohammadpoor-Baltork, I.; Sadegh, F., From dense blocking layers to different templated films in dye sensitized and perovskite solar cells: toward light transmittance management and efficiency enhancement. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2018, 6 (6), 2632-2642.

[8]          Schwenzer, B.; Wang, L.; Swensen, J. S.; Padmaperuma, A. B.; Silverman, G.; Korotkov, R.; Gaspar, D. J., Tuning the optical properties of mesoporous TiO2 films by nanoscale engineering. Langmuir 2012, 28 (26), 10072-10081.

[9]          Kruk, M.; Jaroniec, M., Gas adsorption characterization of ordered organic− inorganic nanocomposite materials. Chemistry of materials 2001, 13 (10), 3169-3183.

[10]       Gregg, S. J.; Sing, K. S. W.; Salzberg, H., Adsorption surface area and porosity. Journal of The electrochemical society 1967, 114 (11), 279Ca.

[11]       کوهستانی, ح., تولید فتوکاتالیستی هیدروژن از پساب صنعتی حاوی آلاینده های آلی توسط نانوکامپوزیت TiO2/ZrO2. فصلنامه علمی - پژوهشی مواد نوین 2019, 9 (34), 147-154.

[12]       Park, Y.; McDonald, K. J.; Choi, K.-S., Progress in bismuth vanadate photoanodes for use in solar water oxidation. Chemical Society Reviews 2013, 42 (6), 2321-2337.

[13]       Uemura, Y.; Kido, D.; Koide, A.; Wakisaka, Y.; Niwa, Y.; Nozawa, S.; Ichiyanagi, K.; Fukaya, R.; Adachi, S.-i.; Katayama, T., Capturing local structure modulations of photoexcited BiVO 4 by ultrafast transient XAFS. Chemical Communications 2017, 53 (53), 7314-7317.

[14]       Hu, J.; Chen, W.; Zhao, X.; Su, H.; Chen, Z., Anisotropic Electronic Characteristics, Adsorption, and Stability of Low-Index BiVO(4) Surfaces for Photoelectrochemical Applications. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018, 10 (6), 5475-5484.

[15]       Muraoka, K.; Vequizo, J. J. M.; Kuriki, R.; Yamakata, A.; Uchiyama, T.; Lu, D.; Uchimoto, Y.; Ishitani, O.; Maeda, K., Oxygen‐Doped Ta3N5 Nanoparticles for Enhanced Z‐Scheme Carbon Dioxide Reduction with a Binuclear Ruthenium (II) Complex under Visible Light. ChemPhotoChem 2019, 3 (10), 1027-1033.

[16]       Walsh, A.; Yan, Y.; Huda, M. N.; Al-Jassim, M. M.; Wei, S.-H., Band Edge Electronic Structure of BiVO4: Elucidating the Role of the Bi s and V d Orbitals. Chemistry of Materials 2009, 21 (3), 547-551.

[17]       Hong, S. J.; Jun, H.; Lee, J. S., Nanocrystalline WO3 film with high photo-electrochemical activity prepared by polymer-assisted direct deposition. Scripta Materialia 2010, 63 (7), 757-760.

[18]       Byun, S.; Kim, B.; Jeon, S.; Shin, B., Effects of a SnO2 hole blocking layer in a BiVO4-based photoanode on photoelectrocatalytic water oxidation. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2017, 5 (15), 6905-6913.

[19]       Kim, J. H.; Jang, J.-W.; Jo, Y. H.; Abdi, F. F.; Lee, Y. H.; van de Krol, R.; Lee, J. S., Hetero-type dual photoanodes for unbiased solar water splitting with extended light harvesting. Nature Communications 2016, 7 (1), 13380.

[20]       Xia, L.; Bai, J.; Li, J.; Zeng, Q.; Li, L.; Zhou, B., High-performance BiVO4 photoanodes cocatalyzed with an ultrathin α-Fe2O3 layer for photoelectrochemical application. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 2017, 204, 127-133.

[21]       Pilli, S. K.; Deutsch, T. G.; Furtak, T. E.; Brown, L. D.; Turner, J. A.; Herring, A. M., BiVO4/CuWO4 heterojunction photoanodes for efficient solar driven water oxidation. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 2013, 15 (9), 3273-3278.

[22]       Li, L.-P.; Liu, M.; Zhang, W.-D., Electrodeposition of CdS onto BiVO4 films with high photoelectrochemical performance. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry 2018, 22 (8), 2569-2577.

[23]       Tayebi, M.; Lee, B.-K., Recent advances in BiVO4 semiconductor materials for hydrogen production using photoelectrochemical water splitting. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2019, 111, 332-343.

[24]       Ho-Kimura, S.; Moniz, S. J. A.; Handoko, A. D.; Tang, J., Enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting by nanostructured BiVO4–TiO2 composite electrodes. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2014, 2 (11), 3948-3953.

[25]       Pan, J. H.; Zhao, X.; Lee, W. I., Block copolymer-templated synthesis of highly organized mesoporous TiO2-based films and their photoelectrochemical applications. Chemical engineering journal 2011, 170 (2-3), 363-380.

[26]       Soler-Illia, G. J. d. A.; Sanchez, C.; Lebeau, B.; Patarin, J., Chemical strategies to design textured materials: from microporous and mesoporous oxides to nanonetworks and hierarchical structures. Chemical reviews 2002, 102 (11), 4093-4138.

[27]       Crepaldi, E. L.; Soler-Illia, G. J. d. A.; Grosso, D.; Cagnol, F.; Ribot, F.; Sanchez, C., Controlled formation of highly organized mesoporous titania thin films: from mesostructured hybrids to mesoporous nanoanatase TiO2. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2003, 125 (32), 9770-9786.

[28]       Keshavarzi, R.; Jamshidvand, A.; Mirkhani, V.; Tangestaninejad, S.; Moghadam, M.; Mohammadpoor-Baltork, I., The effect of the number of calcination steps on preparing crack free titania thick templated films for use in dye sensitized solar cells. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing 2018, 73, 99-105.

[29]       Khoomortezaei, S.; Abdizadeh, H.; Golobostanfard, M. R., Triple Layer Heterojunction WO3/BiVO4/BiFeO3 Porous Photoanode for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. ACS Applied Energy Materials 2019, 2 (9), 6428-6439.

[30]       Zhou, T.; Chen, S.; Wang, J.; Zhang, Y.; Li, J.; Bai, J.; Zhou, B., Dramatically enhanced solar-driven water splitting of BiVO4 photoanode via strengthening hole transfer and light harvesting by co-modification of CQDs and ultrathin β-FeOOH layers. Chemical Engineering Journal 2021, 403, 126350.

[31]       Mardare, D.; Tasca, M.; Delibas, M.; Rusu, G., On the structural properties and optical transmittance of TiO2 rf sputtered thin films. Applied Surface Science 2000, 156 (1-4), 200-206.