Comparison of mechanical, electrical and chemical stability of BaCe0.7Zr0.1Y0.2O3-δ (BCZY7)-(Li/Na)2CO3 proton conductive composite electrolytes fabricated by mechanical mixing and infiltration methods
Subject Areas : journal of New Materials
سمیه امیری
1
(فارغ التحصیل دکتری مهندسی مواد، بخش مهندسی مواد، دانشکده مهندسی-دانشگاه شیراز)
محمد حسین پایدار
2
(استاد، بخش مهندسی مواد، دانشکده مهندسی-دانشگاه شیراز)
Keywords: Infiltration, Solid oxide fuel cell, Composite electrolyte, Mechanical strength,
Abstract :
In the present work, the effect of fabrication method on mechanical strength, chemical stability of BaCe0.7Zr0.1Y0.2O3-δ (BCZY7)-(Li/Na)2CO3 composite electrolyte with proton conductivity, is studied. The composite electrolytes were fabricated by mixing carbonate and BCZY7 powders, synthesized in a solid state reaction, and shaping plus sintering. They also were fabricated by floating a porous BCZY7 scaffold in a molten of carbonate phase. To produce BCZY7 porous scaffold, starch powder was use as pore former. After preparing the composite electrolytes by the two mentioned methods, their mechanical, electrical and chemical stability were investigated. Analytical methods used in this study were included XRD and SEM. Mechanical strength of the fabricated composite electrolytes were determined by using ring on ring method and measuring electrical conductivity as a function of temperature were carried out by using an impedance analyzer. Results proved that, although distribution of carbonate phase in the composites fabricated by mechanical mixing is more uniform than that of the composites fabricated by infiltration process, but their mechanical strength is lower. The results also showed that chemical stability of the composite fabricated by mechanical mixing is higher, which can be due to its lower remained porosities and better distributed of carbonate phase in these composites. The results by impedance analysis and showed that electrical conductivity of the composites fabricated by mechanical mixing and sintering, in the temperature range of 500 to 700 oC is higher. Ionic conductivity of these composites, including 54 vol.% carbonate phase, at 700 oC in air determined as 0.635 s.cm-1.
References:
1- Y. Li, Z. Rui, C. Xia et al., “Performance of ionic-conducting ceramic/ carbonate composite material as solid oxide fuel cell electrolyte and CO 2 permeation membrane,” Catalysis Today, vol. 148, no. 3, pp. 303-309, 2009.
2- S. Li, X. Wang, and B. Zhu, “Novel ceramic fuel cell using non-ceria-based composites as electrolyte,” Electrochemistry communications, vol. 9, no. 12, pp. 2863-2866, 2007.
3- سارا پایدار، محمد حسین شرافت، سیروس جوادپور،"بهینه سازی پارامترهای فرآینذ ریخته گری نواری زیرکونیا تثبیت شذه با ایتریا به وسیله طراحی تاگوچی به عنوان الکترولیت پیل سوختی اکسیذ جامذ"،مجله مواد نوین، جلد 7، شماره 4، صفحه 47، تابستان 96.
4- L. Fan, C. Wang, O. Osamudiamen et al., “Mixed ion and electron conductive composites for single component fuel cells: I. Effects of composition and pellet thickness,” Journal of Power Sources, vol. 217, pp. 164-169, 2012.
5- T. Saradha, A. Fereira, S. Patrício et al., “Performance of homogeneous and layered ceria/carbonate composite electrolytes,” international journal of hydrogen energy, vol. 37, no. 8, pp. 7235-7241, 2012.
6- S. Shawuti, and M. A. Gulgun, “Solid oxide-molten carbonate nano-composite fuel cells: Particle size effect,” Journal of Power Sources, vol. 267, pp. 128-135, 2014.
7- F. Xie, C. Wang, Z. Mao et al., “Thermal stability study of La 0.9 Sr 0.1 Ga 0.8 Mg 0.2 O 2.85–(Li/Na) 2 CO 3 composite electrolytes for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 39, no. 26, pp. 14397-14401, 2014.
8- A. Bodén, J. Di, C. Lagergren et al., “Conductivity of SDC and (Li/Na) 2 CO 3 composite electrolytes in reducing and oxidising atmospheres,” Journal of Power Sources, vol. 172, no. 2, pp. 520-529, 2007.
9- J. Huang, Z. Mao, Z. Liu et al., “Development of novel low-temperature SOFCs with co-ionic conducting SDC-carbonate composite electrolytes,” Electrochemistry Communications, vol. 9, no. 10, pp. 2601-2605, 2007.
10- Z. Peng, R. Guo, Z. Yin et al., “BaZr 0.9 Y 0.1 O 2.95/Na 2 SO 4 composite with enhanced protonic conductivity,” Journal of Wuhan University of Technology--Materials Science Edition, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 269-272, 2009.
11- Z. Gao, J. Huang, Z. Mao et al., “Preparation and characterization of nanocrystalline Ce 0.8 Sm 0.2 O 1.9 for low temperature solid oxide fuel cells based on composite electrolyte,” international journal of hydrogen energy, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 731-737, 2010.
12- B. Zhu, “Functional ceria–salt-composite materials for advanced ITSOFC applications,” Journal of Power sources, vol. 114, no. 1, pp. 1-9, 2003.
13- K.-Y. Park, T.-H. Lee, J.-T. Kim et al., “Highly conductive barium zirconate-based carbonate composite electrolytes for intermediate temperature-protonic ceramic fuel cells,” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 585, pp. 103-110, 2014.
14- Y. Zhao, C. Xia, L. Jia et al., “Recent progress on solid oxide fuel cell: lowering temperature and utilizing non-hydrogen fuels,” international journal of hydrogen energy, vol. 38, no. 36, pp. 16498-16517, 2013.
15- Y. Hei, J. Huang, C. Wang et al., “Novel doped barium cerate–carbonate composite electrolyte material for low temperature solid oxide fuel cells,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 39, no. 26, pp. 14328-14333, 2014.
16- M. Chen, H. Zhang, L. Fan et al., “Ceria-carbonate composite for low temperature solid oxide fuel cell: Sintering aid and composite effect,” International journal of hydrogen energy, vol. 39, no. 23, pp. 12309-12316, 2014.
17- Y. Shilong, Y. Zhupeng, L. Chuanming et al., “Theoretical description on the interface-enhanced conductivity of SDC/LiNa-carbonate composite electrolytes,” Materials Letters, vol. 92, pp. 78-81, 2013.
18- S. Amiri, and M. Paydar, “Effect of pore formers characteristics and melt infiltration parameters on microstructure and electrical properties of BaCe0. 7Zr0. 1Y0. 2O3− δ-carbonate composite electrolyte,” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 735, pp. 172-183, 2018
.
19- A. Azad, and J. Irvine, “Synthesis, chemical stability and proton conductivity of the perovksites Ba (Ce, Zr) 1− x Sc x O 3− δ,” Solid State Ionics, vol. 178, no. 7, pp. 635-640, 2007.
20- K. Katahira, Y. Kohchi, T. Shimura et al., “Protonic conduction in Zr-substituted BaCeO 3,” Solid State Ionics, vol. 138, no. 1, pp. 91-98, 2000.
21- Z. Zhong, “Stability and conductivity study of the BaCe 0.9− x Zr x Y 0.1 O 2.95 systems,” Solid State Ionics, vol. 178, no. 3, pp. 213-220, 2007.
22- E. Fabbri, A. D'Epifanio, E. Di Bartolomeo et al., “Tailoring the chemical stability of Ba (Ce 0.8− x Zr x) Y 0.2 O 3− δ protonic conductors for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs),” Solid State Ionics, vol. 179, no. 15, pp. 558-564, 2008.
23- M. Barsoum, and M. Barsoum, Fundamentals of ceramics: CRC press, 2002.
24- T. Cai, Y. Zeng, S. Yin et al., “Preparation and characterization of Ce 0.8 Sm 0.2 O 1.9 (SDC)–carbonates composite electrolyte via molten salt infiltration,” Materials Letters, vol. 65, no. 17, pp. 2751-2754, 2011.
25- P. de Wit, F. S. van Daalen, and N. E. Benes, “The mechanical strength of a ceramic porous hollow fiber,” Journal of Membrane Science, vol. 524, pp. 721-728, 2017.
26- S. Nohut, “Influence of sample size on strength distribution of advanced ceramics,” Ceramics International, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 4285-4295, 2014.
27- J. G. P. da Silva, A. N. Yamchelou, A. Debris et al., “Mechanical strength and defect distributions in flash sintered 3YSZ,” Journal of the European Ceramic Society, vol. 37, no. 8, pp. 2901-2905, 2017.
28- D. Munz, and T. Fett, Ceramics: mechanical properties, failure behaviour, materials selection: Springer Science & Business Media, 2013.
29- R. Clague, A. Marquis, and N. Brandon, “Time independent and time dependent probability of failure of solid oxide fuel cells by stress analysis and the Weibull method,” Journal of Power Sources, vol. 221, pp. 290-299, 2013.
30- R. Jain, J. Lock, and S. F. Duffy, "Effective area and effective volume calculations for ceramic test specimens." pp. 231-239.
31- D. Askeland, P. Fulay, and W. Wright, The science and engineering of materials: Nelson Education, 2011.
32- B. Deng, D. Jiang, and J. Gong, “Is a three-parameter Weibull function really necessary for the characterization of the statistical variation of the strength of brittle ceramics?,” Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2017.
32- S. Haile, G. Staneff, and K. Ryu, “Non-stoichiometry, grain boundary transport and chemical stability of proton conducting perovskites,” Journal of Materials Science, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 1149-1160, 2001.
