Evaluation of antifungal effect of some essential oils on mycelial growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum causal agent of white stem rot of rapeseed

Subject Areas : دو فصلنامه تحقیقات بیماریهای گیاهی

سمانه Teimouri ¹ (دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران)
کامران Rahnama ² (دانشیار، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران)

Received: 2012-08-10 Accepted : 2013-02-12 Published : 2013-05-22

Keywords: essential oil, Sclerotinia roor rot, Fennel,

Abstract :

Use of some essential oils as antimicrobial agents has increased during the past decade.
In this study the antifungal activity of essential oils of peppermint (Mentha piperita), fennel
(Foeniculum vulgare) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) was examined for inhibition of mycelia
growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on PDA amended with ethanolic extracts of the 3
medicinal plants at five concentrations (75, 150,300, 600 and 1200 microliter/l.). Results
showed that the essential oil of peppermint did not have sufficient effects on mycelial growth
of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum because it exhibited no significant difference with control at 99%
confidence level. The essential oil of fennel had high antifungal activity and suppressed
fungal growth at minimum inhibitory concentration of 150 3l/l. Thyme oil reduced mycelial
growth at relatively higher concentration. Findings from this study showed that essential oils
of fennel could be considered as a candidate for further investigations towards its application
as natural fungicide to control S. sclerotiorum. Results suggest that the kind and concentration
of essential oil can affect pathogenic fungi differently.

References:

1. Aghajani M A, Safaie N and Alizadeh A. 2009. Impact of Sclerotinia stem rot on canola yield in Golestan province. Journal of Plant Production 16: 109–124.


2. Antonov A, Stewart A and Walter M. 1998. Inhibtion of conidium germination and mycelia growth of Botrytis cinerea by natural products. Paper presented at: 50^th New Zealand Plant Protection Confrence; 20-26 June; Wellington, New Zealand.


3. Barari H, Zamani-zadeh H, Ershad J and Forotan A. 2000. Distribution of canola stems white rot in Mazandaran. Paper presented at: 14^th Iranian Plant Protection congress; 23–27 August; Isfahan, Iran.


4. Beiki F and Alizadeh A. 2006. Antibacterial effects of some herbal essential oils and plant extracts on the causal agent of bacterial leaf streak in wheat and barley. Journal of Agricultural and Natural Resources 13: 1–13.


5. Burt S. 2004. Essential oils: Their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods – a review. International Journal of Food Microbiology 94: 223–253.


6. Cavalcanti C T, Camara R, Mariano R L, Willadino L, Marcelino C and Ulisses C. 2006. Antimicrobial Action of Essential oil of Lippia gracilis Schauer. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 49: 527–535.


7. Cowan MM. 1999. Plant Protection as antimicrobial agents. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 12: 564–582.


8. Edris A E and Farrag E S. 2003. Antifungal activity of peppermint and sweet basil essential oils and their major aroma constituents on some plant pathogenic fungi from the vapor phase. Nahrung/ Food 47: 117–121.


9. Fakoor M H, Allameh A, Rasooli I and Mazaheri M. 2007. Antifungal effects of Zataria multiflora Boiss. and Thymus eriocalyx (Ronniger) Jalas essential oils on aflatoxin producing Aspergillus parasiticus. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 23: 269–277.


10. Gulhua  L. 2003. Engineering Sclerotinia sclerotiorum resistance in oilseed crops. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 2: 509–516.


11. Hadian Sh, Shamloo P, Monazm K and Khandooz E. 2011. Effect of some aqueous plant extracts against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici casual agent of tomato. Journal of Plant Science Researches 21: 68–77.


12. Hind T L, Ash G J and Muray G M. 2003. Prevalence of Sclerotinia stem rot of canola in new south wales. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture.43 :2. 163–168.


13. Isman B M. 2000. Plant essential oils for pest and disease management. Crop Protection 19: 603–608.


14. Kalemba D and Kunicka A. 2003. Antibacterial and antifungal properties of essential oils. Current Medicinal Chemistry 10: 813–829.


15. Mimica-Dukic N, Kujundzic S, Sokovic M and Couladis M. 2003. Essential oil composition and antifungal activity of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. obtained by different distillation conditions. Phytotherapy Research 17: 368–371.


16. Motallebi M, Afshari Azad H and Zamani M R. 2008. Polygalacturonase production by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, causal agent of canola stem rot: Parameter optimization using Taguchi approach. World Applied Sciences Journal 3(1): 96–101.


17. Paster N, Menasherov M, Ravid U and Juven B. 1995. Antifungal activity of oregano and thyme essential oils applied as fumigants against fungi attacking stored grain. Journal of Food Protection 58: 81–85.


18. Peighami-Ashnaei S, Farzaneh M, Hadian J, Sharifi-Tehrani A and Ghorbanpoor M. 2008. Evaluation of antifungal activity of some plant essential oils against the grey mold of apple caused by Botrytis cinerea. Agricultural research 7: 1–10.


19. Pitarokili D, Tzakou O, Loukis A and Harvala C. 2003. Volatile metabolites from Salvia fruticosa as antifungal agents in soilborne pathogens. Agricalture Food Chemistry 51: 3294–3301.


20. Plotto A, Roberts D and Roberts R G. 2003. Evaluation of plant essential oils as natural postharvest disease control of Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum). Acta Horticulturae 628: 737–745.


21. Ranjbar H, Farzaneh M, Hadian J, Mirjalili M H and Sharifii R. 2009. Effect of some essential oils on Post harvest of strawberry. Pajouhesh and Sazandegi 81: 54–60.


22. Soylu E M, Soylu S and Kurt S. 2006. Antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of various plants against tomato late blight disease agent Phytophthora infestans. Mycopathologia 161: 119–128.