Determinants of Energy Consumption and Carbon Intensity in Agricultural Sector of Iran

Subject Areas : Agricultural Economics Research

S.N موسوی ¹

1 - دانشیار گروه اقتصادکشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مرودشت، مرودشت، ایران

Received: 2015-08-09 Accepted : 2015-08-09 Published : 2015-07-23

Keywords: Iran, Energy Intensity, carbon intensity, agriculture sector,

Abstract :

This study aims at examining factors affecting energy consumption and carbon intensity in agriculture sector. To get this aim, data for 1353-1391 (1974-2012) were applied. Factors affecting energy and carbon intensity in agriculture sector are per capita GDP, energy price, labor, per capita capital and capital growth. Findings of the study showed that per capita GDP and labor- per capita capital ratio had  negative effect on energy consumption intensity, however capital accumulation led to higher carbon emissions.

References:

1. آرمن، ع. و ر. ا. زارع (1384). بررسی رابطه علیت گرنجری بین مصرف انرژی و رشد اقتصادی در ایران طی سال های 1346-1381. فصلنامه پژوهش­های اقتصادی. سال هفتم. شماره 143:24-117.


2. آماده، ح. قاضی، م. و ز. عباسی­فر. (1388). بررسی رابطه مصرف انرژی و رشد اقتصادی و اشتغال در بخش­های مختلف اقتصاد ایران. مجله تحقیقات اقتصادی. شماره 86: 38-1.


3. باستانزاد، ح و ف. نیلی (1384). تحلیل سیاستی قیمت گذاری حامل های انرژی در اقتصاد ایران. تحقیقات اقتصادی. 68: 226-201.


4. بانک مرکزی ایران. (1387). پایگاه اطلاعاتی بانک مرکزی. باطلاعات سری­های زمانی. http://tsd.cbi.ir/Display/Content.aspx


5. جعفری صمیمی، ا. و م. محمدی خیاره (1393). رابطه کوتاه­مدت و بلندمدت بین انتشار دی اکسیدکربن، مصرف انرژی و رشد اقتصادی: شواهد جدید در ایران. فصلنامه پژوهش­های اقتصادی (رشد و توسعه پایدار). سال چهاردهم. 2: 20-1.


6. راسخی، س. و پ. سلمانی (1392). رابطه شدت انرژی و کارایی اقتصادی در کشورهای منتخب با استفاده از الگوی گشتاور تعمیم یافته: کاربردی از تحلیل پنجر های پوششی داده­ها. فصلنامه پژوهش­ها و سیاست­های اقتصادی. سال بیست و یکم. 67: 24-5.


7. زیبایی منصور و محمد حسن طرازکار. 1383. بررسی روابط کوتاه مدت و دراز مدت ارزش افزوده و مصرف انرژی در بخش کشاورزی، فصلنامه بانک و کشاورزی، شماره ششم، ص: 171-157.


8. وزارت نیرو. دفتر برنامه­ریزی کلان برق و انرژی. (1387) بانک اطلاعات انرژی. ترازنامه انرژی.http://pep.moe.org.ir/Homepage.aspx?site=pep.moe.org&tabid=7314&lang=fa-IR


9. هژبر کیانی، ک. و ش، واردی 1379. بررسی ضریب اهمیت انرژی در تولید بخش کشاورزی در ایران. فصلنامه اقتصاد کشاورزی و توسعه. 30.


10. Andersson, F. A.,  Karpestam, P. 2013. CO2 emissions and economic activity: Short-and long-run economic determinants of scale, energy intensity and carbon intensity. Energy Policy, 61: 1285–1294.


11. Ang, B. W. (2005). The LMDI approach to decomposition analysis: a practical guide. Energy Policy, 33: 867–871.


12. Ang, B. W., Liu, F.l., Chew, E. p. (2003).  Perfect decomposition techniques in energy and environmental analysis. Energy Policy, 31: 1561–1566.


13. Aqeel, A. and Butt, M. S. 2001. The relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in Pakistan. Asia-Pacific Development Journal. 8: 101-110.


14. Bampatsou, C., Papadopoulos, S., Zervas, V.  2013. Technical efficiency of economic systems of EU-15 countries based on energy consumption. Energy Policy, 55: 426–434


15. Chang, M. C. (2014). Energy intensity, target level of energy intensity, and room for improvement in energy intensity: An application to the study of regions in the EU. Energy Policy, 67: 648–655.


16. Dube, I., 2003. Impact of energy subsidies on energy consumption and supply in Zimbabwe. Do the urban poor really benefit? Energy Policy, 31, 1635–1645.


17. Erdal, G. et al. 2008. The causality between energy consumption and economic growth in Turkey. Energy Policy. 36: 3838-3842.


18. Gangopadhyay, S., Ramaswami, B., Wadhwa, W., 2005. Reducing subsidies on household fuels in India: how will it affect the poor? Energy Policy, 33 (18), 2326–2336.


19. Glashur, Y. U. 2002. Energy and national income in Korea: Futher evidence on the role of omitted variables. Energy Economics. 24: 355-365.


20. Halkos, G. E. and Paizanos , E. A. (2013). The   Effect of Government   Expenditure on the Environment: An Empirical Investigatio, Ecological Economics 91, 48–56.                           


21. Herrerias, M. J., Cuadros, A., Orts, V. 2013. Energy intensity and investment ownership across Chinese provinces. Energy Economics, 36: 286–298.


22. IEA, 1999. World Energy Outlook Insights, Looking at Energy Subsidies: Getting the Prices Right. OECD, Paris.


23. Kebede, B., 2006. Energy subsidies and costs in urban Ethiopia: the cases of kerosene and electricity. Renewable Energy, 31, 2140–2151.


24. Lin, B., Jiang, Z., 2011. Estimates of energy subsidies in China and impact of energy subsidy reform. Energy Economics, 33, 273–283.


25. Liu, W., Li, H., 2011. Improving energy consumption structure: A comprehensive assessment of fossil energy subsidies reform in China. Energy Policy, 39, 4134–4143.


26. Mehara, M. 2007. Energy consumption and economic growth: The case of oil exporting countries. Energy Policy. 35: 2939-2945.


27. Oh, W. and Lee, K. 2004. Causal relationship between energy consumption and GDP revisited: the case of Korea. 1970-1999. Energy Econ. 26: 51-59.


28. Song, F., Zheng,  X. 2012. What drives the change in China’s energy intensity: Combining decomposition analysis and econometric analysis at the provincial level. Energy Policy, 51: 445–453


29. Soytas, U. and Sari, R. 2003. Energy consumption and GDP: causality relationship in G-7 countries and emerging markets. Energy Econ. 25: 33-37.


30. Stern, D. I. 2000. A multivariate cointegration analysis of the role of energy in the US macrieconomy. Energy Economics. 22: 267-283.


31. UN data, 2011. < http://data.un.org>.


32. UNDP (United Nations Development Program), 2010. Department of Environment. Iran second National Communication to United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). National Climate Change Office, Department of Environment. Tehran.


33. Wu,Y. 2012. Energy intensity and its determinants in China’s regional economies. Energy Policy 41, 703–711.


34. Yang, H. Y. 2000. A note on the causal relationship between energy and Gdp in Taiwan. Energy Economics. 22: 309-377.