Investigating the effective factors and strategies in improving the sustainable income of Dehyariha in rural regions (Case study: Sarbisheh region)

Subject Areas : Regional Planning

Hassan Azizi Bohloli ¹ , Mahmoud Reza Anvari ² , Masoumeh Hafez Rezazadeh ³

1 - PhD Student in Geography and Urban Planning, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan Branch, Zahedan, Iran
2 - Assistant Professor, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan Branch, Zahedan, Iran
3 - Assistant Professor, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan Branch, Zahedan, Iran

Received: 2021-09-03 Accepted : 2021-10-06 Published : 2024-02-20

Keywords: راهبردها, نهاد دهیاری, درآمدزایی, منطقه سربیشه,

Abstract :

Abstract Dehyari is a public non-governmental organization with an independent legal personality in the villages. One of the most important issues for them since its formation is the issue of sustainable income. In this regard, there are many social and economic indicators that can be effective in the situation of rural development, especially sustainable income. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effective factors in increasing the income of rural areas and to present effective strategies in this field as a case study in Sarbisheh county. research method was Descriptive-analytical and data were collected by survey method through a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consists of 1931 households in 30 villages with Dehyari in the central part of Sarbisheh county and local managers. The sample size at the level of heads of households was calculated based on Cochran's formula up to 320 people and at the level of local managers and experts, 75 people (villagers, Islamic councils and experts) were selected. The sample size in this study was 395 people. The test results showed that Dehyari Institution with a significance level of less than 0.05 were unsuccessful in the field of people's empowerment index. Also, the social capital index is less than 0.05 and the average difference (0.595) is effective in improving the income of Dehyariha. The results of the study of local incomes showed that receiving the price of services with a positive average difference of 1.24 at a level of less than 0.05, have the greatest role in increasing rural incomes. The regression result confirmed that the three components of empowerment, social capital and local incomes can explain more than 76% of the changes in improving rural incomes in the future. One of the most important strategies to improve the income of Dehyariha is the infrastructure-education strategy, collection of tolls, establishment of a cooperative company and tourism development. Extended Abstract   Introduction One of the most important issues for Dehyariha since its formation is the issue of sustainable income. In this regard, there are many social and economic indicators that can be effective in the situation of rural development, especially sustainable income. In this research, an attempt has been made to examine the performance Dehyari organizations in terms of income indicators in rural areas of Sarbisheh city. Dehyariha incomes in this region, like other parts of the country, have been dependent on the government and government organizations since its formation, and after more than two decades, they have not been able to achieve a stable source of income. This issue highlights the importance and necessity of examining the issue. In this study, the components of empowerment, social capital and types of local incomes are emphasized. In accordance with the objectives of rural management and the duties of Dehyariha, indicators have been emphasized that are included in these three components. Examining the performance of Dehyariha in the framework of these components can be very effective. The most important reasons for emphasizing this issue in the region are the situation of villages, climatic and natural constraints, the existence of risks, lack of proper economic status of the village and the need to identify sustainable local sources of income.The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effective factors in increasing the income of rural areas and to present effective strategies in this field as a case study in Sarbisheh county.   Methodology The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on data collection in the field through a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consists of 1931 households in 30 villages with Dehyari in the central part of Sarbisheh county and local managers. The sample size at the level of heads of households was calculated based on Cochran's formula up to 320 people and at the level of local managers and experts, 75 people (villagers, Islamic councils and experts) were selected. The sample size in this study was 395 people.   Results and Discussion The success rate of Dehyariha in terms of empowerment and increasing Dehyariha incomes with a single t-test shows that the indicators of public access to various Dehyari information and transparency in this area, improving the skills and job knowledge of rural youth, education and promotion activities Special production for rural women, people's participation in rural activities is reported at a level less than 0.05 significant; However, the study of the difference between the average of 16 indicators of Dehyariha empowerment shows that these indicators are in an unfavorable situation. Also, examining the whole scale of social capital component is significant at the level of less than 0.05. The difference between the mean of the test is equal to 0.595, the t-statistic is equal to 17.388. Therefore, it is confirmed that from the statistical community, the role of social capital in empowering and increasing Dehyari incomes is important and effective. Assessing the role of local incomes in increasing Dehyari incomes through one-sample t-test shows that all local incomes are significant at the level of less than 0.05; However, a study of the difference between the average of 17 indicators or types of income shows that in terms of the statistical community, 14 indicators are in an unfavorable situation and in fact, Dehyariha have not been able to be successful in terms of this type of income.The result of regression showed that if properly and principled planning, all three indicators of socialization, social capital and local incomes can be effective in improving the income of Dehyariha in the future. These three components can explain more than 76% of the changes and the other 24% depend on other factors. In other words, in improving the income situation of Dehyariha, these three components can be more than 76% effective if properly planned. In order to improve and utilize the existing capacities in order to empower and increase Dehyariha incomes, six strategies have been proposed, which include infrastructure-educational strategy, attracting private and local sector capital, collecting tolls, establishing a cooperative company, improving services and developing tourism.   Conclusion improving its social capital index also helps to empower the villagers of the region. This empowerment will ultimately lead to an improvement in the position of the Dehyari institution. In this regard, there are some local incomes that can help improve and increase Dehyariha incomes; Because today, most Dehyariha incomes come from government funds, banks and other affiliated centers. However, some tolls and services in the villages also provide part of these financial resources. However, these financial resources and incomes are not sustainable for the Dehyariha of the region and always increase their dependence on the government.

References:

References

 

1. Ahli,K.(2018). The position of Dehyariha in the legal system of the Islamic Republic of Iran and its impact on citizenship rights, Tehran: Sokhanvaran Publication.


2. Amini zareh, r.(2010). Rural Employment, Dehyari Magazine,6(30),pp: 110-123. [In Persian].


3. Amini, A ., Jamini, D.(2014).An Analysis of the Rural Community Evaluation of Village Administrations' performance Using Structural Equation Modeling, Geographical Research, 29(2), pp:1017-4125.[In Persian].


4. Anabestani, A.A., Rousta, M., Avrideh, A., Sayadi Abgoli, M.(2-14). Comparative comparison of the level of rural settlements using the feature coefficient model and Morris" (Case study: Meymandeh section- Firoozabad city), Journal of Geography and Urban Planning Zagros Landscape, 6(19),pp: 99-118. [In Persian].


5. Badri, A.(2007). The Role of Interactive Relations between Rural Islamic Councils, Villagers and People in Sustainable Rural Development, Rural Research, Education and Extension Monthly,21,pp:19-31. [In Persian].


6. Benin, R. (2010). Assessing the impact of cooperation in ruraldevelopment, New York: Free Press.


7. Darban Astana, A.(2005). The position of rural management in the fourth program, Dehyari Magazine,15,pp:11-18. [In Persian].


8. Falsolaiman,M., Sadeghi,H., Hajipu,M..(2014). Village development groups: Model based on participation in achieving rural development, Journal of Geography and Regional Planning,7(4),pp: 78-85[In Persian]..


9. Ghanbari, S., Bahrami, K. (2016). Local management and its role in the physical development of rural settlements (Case study: Chenaran city), Journal of Regional Planning, 6 (22),pp: 135-146.


10. Hajinejad, A., Paydar, A., Beyad,H.(2015). Analysis of rural income sources using participatory evaluation approach (Narjooyeh village of Jiroft city), Journal of Rural Research and Planning, 4(2),pp: 101-123. [In Persian].


11. Hashemizadeh, A. (2006). Sarbisheh, Gohar Nakhshan Kavir, Mashhad: Ney Negar press. [In Persian].


12. Huang H.(2020). learning from exploratory rural practices of the Yangtze River Delta in China: New initiatives, networks and empowerment shifts, and sustainability, Journal of Rural Studies, 77(2),pp: 63-74.


13. Imani Jajarmi, H., Navabi, A.(2014).A Study of Ways to Achieve Rural Revenue Based on Local Community Capacity, Journal of Rural-Urban Local Development (Rural Development), 6(2),pp: 233-254. [In Persian].


14. Long, H., Zou, J., Pykett, J. and Li, Y. (2011).Analysis of rural transformation development in China since the turn of the new millennium, Journal of Applied Geography, 31 (1),pp: 1094- 1105.


15. Lotfi, H., Salehian Badi, S., Ghasemi Badi, H.R. (2016). Analysis of rural performance in the process of economic development of rural settlements Case: Badrud section - Natanz city, Journal of Regional Planning, 6 (22),pp: 165-176. [In Persian].


16. Mahdavi Hajiloui, M., Najafi Kani, A.A.(2005). Dehyariha, Another Experience in Rural Management of Iran, A Case Study of Dehyariha in West Azerbaijan Province, Journal of Geographical Research, 37(53),pp: 21-39. [In Persian].


17. Management and Planning Organization of South Khorasan Province (2016). Statistics and Information: Birjand, Statistics Office Publishing. [In Persian].


18. Molaei Hashjin, N., Amar,T., Bagheri, A.(2017). The role of local management in the economic development of rural areas of Behshahr city, Journal of Space Economics and Rural Development, 6(4),pp: 165-176. [In Persian].


19. Monshizadeh, R., Rahmani, B., Maleki, L.(1393). The Performance of Modern Rural Management in Economic Sustainability of Rural Settlements (Case Study: Villages Around Ardabil), Journal of Geography, 12 (4),pp: 133-146.


20. Moseley, M. J. & Owen, S.(2008). The future of services in rural England: The drivers of change and a scenario for 2015, Journal of Progress in Planning ,69(3),pp:93-130.


21. Organization of Municipalities and Rural Affairs.(2004). Collection of rules and regulations of rural areas, Tehran: Planning and Planning Office.


22. Organization of Municipalities and Rural Affairs.(2004). Collection of rules and regulations of rural areas, Tehran: Organization of Municipalities and Rural Affairs press.


23. Pemberton, S. & Goodwin, M. (2011). Rethinking the changing structures of rural local government- State power, rural politics and local political strategies?, Journal of Rural Studies, 26 (3),pp: 272- 283.


24. Pourramazan, E., Mahdavi, R.,Khaiati, M. (2012). Providing scientific and practical solutions to create sustainable income sources for rural areas of Guilan province (Case study: Village of Gilakjan), National Conference on Rural Development, University of Guilan, Rasht. [In Persian].


25. Rajab Salehi, H., Mousavi, A., Jahedi, Y., Rasouli, S. (2012). Study and analysis of the effectiveness of education on empowerment of villagers, Journal of urban management,10(29),pp: 61-79.


26. Seadaei, E., Jamini, D., Jamshidi, A., Jamshidi, M. (2104). Study and analysis of the performance of new rural managers in rural development (Case study: Oramanat region of Kermanshah province), Journal of Spatial Planning (Geography),14(4),pp:1-24. [In Persian].


27. Seadali, M., Sadeghi, G., Mirzaei, Z.(2011). The position of management in advancing rural development goals Case study: Javanmardi village (Lordegan city), Journal of Regional Planning,1(2), pp:79-91.


28. Shamsoldini, A., Jamini D .,Jamshidi, AR.(2016).Measurement and analysis of social stability in rural areas (Case study: Javanrood Township), Journal of Rural Research, 7(3),pp: 486-503.


29. Statistics Center of Iran.(2016). Population and Housing Census 2016, Tehran: Statistics Center.


30. Wang W.(2008). Rural management, The Way Out for Tibetan Rural Areas, Journal of the Washington Institute of China Studies, 3(3),pp: 75-84.


31. World Bank. (2000). World development report 2000/2001: Attacking poverty. Washington: DC.\


32. Zhang, k., Sun,X., Jin,Y., Liu,J., Wang, R., Zhang,S. (2020), Development models matter to the mutual growth of ecosystem services and household incomes in developing rural neighborhoods, Ecological Indicators, 115(1),pp:46-61.


33. Zhang, X., Fan, S., Zhang, L., & Huang, J. (2004). Local governance and public goods provision in rural China, Journal of Public Economics, 88(12),pp: 2857-2871.