Effect of environmental factors on the in vitro properties of rootstock seeds Black nightshade (Solanum nigrum)
Subject Areas :Matineh Rezaei 1 , Sohrab Mahmoodi 2 , Afshar Azadbakht 3
1 - MSc Graduated of Weed Science, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
2 - Associate Professor of University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
3 - Ph.D Graduated of Weed Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
Keywords: Planting date, Irrigation Regimes, Cardinal temperatures,
Abstract :
Broadleaf weeds are problematic plant species in the most agricultural fields. Echo-physiological traits of weed species, such as characteristics of seeds germination and their responses to different environmental conditions are very important. In order to study the effect of environmental conditions on weed germination, a study was carried out at laboratory and farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. The effect of irrigation regimes and sowing dates on weed specie Solanum nigrum L. were studied for two years during 2009-2010. Field experiment was designed as factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The first factor was three dates of planting (2009/6/23, 2009/7/24, 2009/8/24) and the second one included three irrigation regimes, alternative, every two days, every three days. Laboratory experiment was done in completely randomized design with three replications during 2010. Results showed that all of studied features, dormancy and cardinal temperatures were affected by experimental treatments. With increasing the interval between irrigations, germination characteristics of all studied species were decreased significantly. Of course, the reduction at the beginning stage of growing plant (15 days after growing) toward the end of growing season had gradually fewer effects. The results showed that the effect of environmental conditions were the most effective factor on speed of seed germination. Also, the percentage of seed germination was significant. Therefore, with increasing irrigation interval and delaying in planting date, seed germination characteristics decreased.
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