Investigation of the Effect of Steroid Supplements on Renal Factors of Male Bodybuilders in Dehdasht

Subject Areas : Journal of Animal Biology

Y. Edalat panah ¹ (Cellular and Molecular Research Center of Yasuj University of Medical Sciences)
F. Enayati parvar ² (Medical University, Yasouj, Iran)

Received: 2018-05-01 Accepted : 2018-10-28 Published : 2018-11-22

Keywords: Biochemical factors, Methandrostenolone, Esteroidal supplements, Oxymetalone,

Abstract :

Nowadays, the use of energizers has become widespread among athletes, causing many complications for their health. This study aims at investigating the effect of steroid supplements on biochemical factors and liver enzymes in male bodybuilders in Dehdasht City. This experimental study is a type of laboratory science. A total number of 20 male bodybuilders were selected and divided into two experimental and control groups. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. The experimental group bodybuilders received oxymetholone and Methandrostenolone steroid supplements for 6 weeks, 4 days a week. The data was analyzed using SPSS 23 and paired sample and independent t-test. The results showed that the amount of biochemical factors of Oxalate, Urea, Calcium and Creatinine significantly increased (p≤0.05) in the experimental group compared to the control group after one month of using esteroidal supplements (p≤ 0.05). Research results showed that the use of steroidal supplements of oxymetalone and methandrostenolone increase the biochemical factors, which can be influential in an increase in kidney diseases among athletes.

References:

1. Alén M., Rahkila P., 1988, Anabolic-androgenic steroid effects on endocrinology and lipid metabolism in athletes. Sports Medicine, 6(6): 327-32.

2. Alm-Eldeen A., Tousson E., 2012.  Deterioration of glomerular endothelial surface layer and the alteration in the renal function in Rabbits after treatment with a growth promoter Boldenone. Hum Exp Toxicol, 31(5):465-72.

3. Ayotte C., Lévesque J.F., Cleroux M., Lajeunesse A., Goudreault D., Fakirian A., 2001. Sport nutritional supplements: quality and doping controls. Canadian journal of applied physiology, 2(6):120-129.

4. Arazi H., Rastegar A., 2011. The prevalence of anabolic-androgen steroids and awareness about their side effects in bodybuilders in Rasht. Guilan University of Medical Sciences, 20:30-34.

5. Benjamin K., Lynne F., Christopher Z., 2012. Alternative medicine and doping in sports; Australasian Medical Journal, 5(1): 18-25.

6. Daher E.F., Silva Júnior G.B., Queiroz A.L., Ramos L.M., Santos S.Q., Barreto D.M., Guimarães A.A., Barbosa C.A., Franco L.M., Patrocínio  R.M.,2009. Acute Kidney injury due to anabolic steroid and vitamin supplement abuse: report of two cases and a literature review. Int Urol Nephrol, 41(3):717-23.

7. Karila T.A., Karjalainen J.E., Mäntysaari M.J., Viitasalo M.T., Seppälä T.A., 2003.  Anabolic androgenic steroids produce dose-dependant increase in left ventricular mass in power atheletes, and this effect is potentiated by concomitant use of growth hormone. Int J Sports Med, 24(5): 337-43.

8. Khajvand N., 2011. Anabolic steroids and nutritional supplements in sport. 1^st ed., Tehran: Bamdad, 24-49.

9. Kutcher E.C., Lund B.C., Perry P.J., 2002. Anabolic steroid: A review for the clinicians. Sport Medicine, 32(5): 285-296.

10. Little J.P., Phillips S.M. 2009. Resistance exercise and nutrition to counteract muscle wasting. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 34(5): 817-828.

11. Martin WF. Armstrong LE, Rodriguez NR. Dietary protein intake and renal function. Nutr Metab 2005; 2 (25).

12. Mobasher M., 2001. Hormone report in body building, Tehran. Sport and Science Publication, 39-43.

13. Motaghi M.R., Atarodi A., Roohani Z., 2011. Prevalence of energizer drugs using and knowledge about its side effects and related factors among body builder’s men in Gonabad. Zahedan University of Medical Science Journal, 13(10): 46.

14. Padersen W., Wichstrom L., Blekesaune M., 2001. Violent behaviors, violent victimization, and doping agent: A normal population study of adolescents. Journal of Interpersonal violence, 16(8): 808-832.

15. Pendergraft W.F., Herlitz L.C., 2014. Thornley-Brown D. Nephrotoxic effects of common and emerging drugs. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 9: 1996–2005.

16. Peters M.A., Phelps L., 2001.  Body image dissatisfaction and distortion, steroid use, and sex differences incollege age body builders. Psychology in the Schools, 38(3): 283-289.

17. Safa E.A., Alla A.A., Dana N.M., Michael D.H., 2015. Acute kidney injury associated with androgenic steroids and nutritional supplements in bodybuilders, Clinical Kidney Journal, 8(4):415–419.

18. Saleh H., Asadi Z., Zolektaf V., 2005. Assumption of food supplements and nondrugs in Isfahan body buildingclub. Proceedings of the 3th conference of sports science.

19. Shahrokhi P., 2001. Biochemistry histology, 1 th ed. Tehran. Tabib Publication, 23-27.

20. Williams M.H., 1994. The use of nutritional ergogenic aids in sports: Is it an ethical issue, , 4: 120-131.