Magnetic Solid Phase Extraction of Pb (II) from Water, Rice, and Tomato Samples with Carbonized Cotton Cloth@zeolite Imidazolate Framework-71/ Fe₃O₄/ Polythionine prior to its Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Detection

Subject Areas : Journal of Chemical Health Risks

Yasaman Sanaei ¹ , Mohsen Zeeb ² , Seyed Saeed Homami ³ , Amirhossein Monzavi ⁴ , Zahra Khodadadi ⁵

1 -
2 -
3 -
4 -
5 -

Received: 2023-04-08 Accepted : 2023-10-29 Published : 2024-02-15

Keywords: Lead, Flame atomic absorption spectrometry, Solid-phase extraction, Fe₃O₄, Carbonized cotton cloth, Zeolite imidazolate framework-71, Polythionine,

Abstract :

A sustainable fabricated sorbent, carbonized cotton cloth/ zeolite imidazolate framework-71/ Fe₃O₄/ polythionine (CC@ZIF-71/Fe₃O₄/PTh), was fabricated then utilized for separation and preconcentration of lead in tomato, rice and, water samples applying magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) tandem Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS). The fabrication steps of the sorbent were performed by synthesis of zeolitic imidazolate framework-71 nanocrystalline in attending the carbonized cotton cloth and then thionine was polymerized on the surface of CC@ZIF-71/Fe₃O₄. These nanomaterials were adjusted to enhance the applicability of sorbent. Characterization of sorbent was carried out by using FE-SEM, FT-IR spectroscopy, and XRD technique. The magnetic solid phase extraction efficiency and analytical parameters of this proposed method such as pH, sorbent amount, the effect of interfering ions, desorption condition, extraction time, and the amount of chelating agent were examined. The relative standard deviation (RSD, n=10) of Pb was obtained at 3.5%. The limit of detection (LOD) (n = 10) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were determined at 1.7 and 10.0 µg L⁻¹, respectively. The accuracy of the novel proposed procedure was assessed by analyzing certified reference material. Finally, the proposed process was employed to assess lead in water, tomato, and rice samples.

 

References:

1. Boulouiz A., Hajji I., Kaddouri Y., Zaidi K., Touzani R., Hammouti B., 2020. Synthesis of two new pyrazole based ligands for the liquid–solid extraction of heavy metals Pb, Cd and Cu in the aqueous medium. Materials Today: Proceedings. 31, S190-S196.
2. Daşbaşi T., Muğlu H., Soykan C., Ülgen A., 2018. SPE and determination by FAAS of heavy metals using a new synthesized polymer resin in various water and dried vegetables samples. Journal of Macromolecular Science. Part A. 55 (3), 288-295.
3. Yang S., Jiang S., Hu K., Wen X., 2020. Investigation of dispersive solid-phase extraction combined with slurry sampling thermospray flame furnace atomic absorption spectrometry for the determination of cadmium. Microchemical Journal. 154, 104542.
4. Daşbaşı T., Soykan C., Çankaya N., Ülgen A., 2018. Determination of some trace metals with a new synthesized polymer resin by FAAS in various tea and herbal plants samples. Journal of Macromolecular Science. Part A. 55 (6), 466-473.
5. Cheng X., Shao K., Shen S., Hu S., Qiu H., 2011. Determination of Trace Silver in Polymetallic Ore Samples by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry after Solid-Phase Extraction Using a Microcolumn Comprising Eggshell Membrane. Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research. 35(4), 461-469.
6. Habila M.A., ALOthman Z.A., Yilmaz E., Soylak M., 2018. Activated carbon cloth filled pipette tip for solid phase extraction of nickel (II), lead (II), cadmium (II), copper (II) and cobalt (II) as 1, 3, 4-thiadiazole-2, 5-dithiol chelates for ultra-trace detection by FAAS. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry. 98(2), 171-181.
7. Sorouraddin S. M., Farajzadeh M. A., Dastoori H., 2020. Development of a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method based on a ternary deep eutectic solvent as chelating agent and extraction solvent for preconcentration of heavy metals from milk samples. Talanta. 208, 120485.
8. Feist B., Sitko R., 2019. Fast and sensitive determination of heavy metal ions as batophenanthroline chelates in food and water samples after dispersive micro-solid phase extraction using graphene oxide as sorbent. Microchemical Journal. 147, 30-36.
9. Khan W.A., Arain M.B., Soylak M., 2020. Nanomaterials-based solid phase extraction and solid phase microextraction for heavy metals food toxicity. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 145, 111704.
10. Alan M., Kara D., Fisher A., 2007. Preconcentration of heavy metals and matrix elimination using silica gel chemically modified with 2, 3‐dihydroxybenzaldehyde. Separation Science and Technology. 42(4), 879-895.
11. Moghimi A., Hashemi-Moghaddam H., 2015. Extraction and Separation of Trace Amounts Lead (П) in Water Samples Using Nano Polyacrylonitril Modified Ethylendiamins. Journal of Chemical Health Risks. 5(2). https://doi.org/10.22034/JCHR.2015.544098.
12. Ghorbani Y.A., Ghoreishi S.M., Ghani M., 2020. Derived N-doped carbon through core-shell structured metal-organic frameworks as a novel sorbent for dispersive solid phase extraction of Cr (III) and Pb (II) from water samples followed by quantitation through flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Microchemical Journal. 155, 104786.
13. Elci S.G., 2021. Determination of cobalt in food by magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) preconcentration by polyaniline (PANI) and polythiophene (PTH) coated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and microsample injection system–flame atomic absorption spectrometry (MIS-FAAS). Instrumentation Science & Technology. 49(3), 258-275.
14. Affat S., 2023. The application of Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry to evaluate Lead (II) in Vegetable Samples after Its Preconcentration by SA-DLLME. Journal of Chemical Health Risks. 13(2), 357-366. https://doi.org/10.22034/jchr.2022.693103.
15. Barbosa A.F., Segatelli M.G., Pereira A.C., de Santana Santos A., Kubota L.T., Luccas P.O., Tarley C.R., 2007. Solid-phase extraction system for Pb (II) ions enrichment based on multiwall carbon nanotubes coupled on-line to flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Talanta. 71(4), 1512-1519.
16. Amiri-Yazani T., Zare-Dorabei R., Rabbani M., Mollahosseini A., 2019. Highly efficient ultrasonic-assisted pre-concentration and simultaneous determination of trace amounts of Pb (II) and Cd (II) ions using modified magnetic natural clinoptilolite zeolite: Response surface methodology. Microchemical Journal. 146, 498-508.
17. Ivanova-Petropulos V., Jakabová S., Nedelkovski D., Pavlík V., Balážová Ž., Hegedűs O., 2015. Determination of Pb and Cd in Macedonian wines by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). Food Analytical Methods. 8, 1947-1952.
18. Byrne S., Amarasiriwardena D., Bandak B., Bartkus L., Kane J., Jones J., Yañez J., Arriaza B., Cornejo L., 2010. Were Chinchorros exposed to arsenic? Arsenic determination in Chinchorro mummies' hair by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Microchemical Journal. 94(1), 28-35.
19. Su S., Chen B., He M., Hu B., Xiao Z., 2014. Determination of trace/ultratrace rare earth elements in environmental samples by ICP-MS after magnetic solid phase extraction with Fe3O4@ SiO2@ polyaniline–graphene oxide composite. Talanta. 119, 458-466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2013.11.027.
20. Serkan Yalçın M., 2019. Solid phase extraction of trace level Ag (I) using Coriolus versicolor immobilized magnetic nanoparticles and its determination by ICP‐OES. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy. 38(4), e13251.
21. Moghimi A., 2018. Fabrication of mesoporous silica-coated graphene oxide by new method and application in solid phase extraction for preconcentration of Cu2+. Journal of Chemical Health Risks. 8(3). https://doi.org/10.22034/JCHR.2018.544218.
22. Shi Z., Jiang J., Pang W., Ma H., Chu X., Zhou C., Zhang H., 2019. Dispersive micro-solid phase extraction using cotton based carbon fiber sorbent for the determination of three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in tea infusion by gas chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometry. Microchemical Journal. 151, 104209.
23. Shi Y., Wu H., Wang C., Guo X., Du J., Du L., 2016. Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coffee and tea samples by magnetic solid-phase extraction coupled with HPLC–FLD. Food Chemistry. 199, 75-80.
24. Chen M.L., Suo L.L., Gao Q., Feng Y.Q., 2011. Determination of eight illegal drugs in human urine by combination of magnetic solid phase extraction with capillary zone electrophoresis. Electrophoresis. 32(16), 2099-2106.
25. Soylak M., Maulana R., 2023. Ultrasound assisted magnetic solid phase extraction of copper (II) and lead (II) in environmental samples on Magnetic Activated Carbon Cloth. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry. 103(11), 2542-2554.
26. Zeeb M., Farahani H., 2018. Graphene oxide/Fe3O4@ polythionine nanocomposite as an efficient sorbent for magnetic solid-phase extraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of duloxetine in human plasma. Chemical Papers. 72, 15-27.
27. Duran A., Tuzen M., Soylak M., 2009. Preconcentration of some trace elements via using multiwalled carbon nanotubes as solid phase extraction adsorbent. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 169(1-3), 466-471.
28. Liang H., Xing H., Ma Z., Wu H., 2021. Tailoring high-electroconductivity carbon cloth coated by nickel cobaltate/nickel oxide: A case of transition from microwave shielding to absorption. Carbon. 183, 138-149.
29. Wei Z., Zhu W., Li Y., Ma Y., Wang J., Hu N., Suo Y., Wang J., 2018. Conductive leaflike cobalt metal–organic framework nanoarray on carbon cloth as a flexible and versatile anode toward both electrocatalytic glucose and water oxidation. Inorganic Chemistry. 57 (14), 8422-8428. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01106.
30. Arain M.B., Yilmaz E., Hoda N., Kazi T.G., Soylak M., 2019. Magnetic solid-phase extraction of quercetin on magnetic-activated carbon cloth (MACC). Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society. 16, 1365-1372.
31. Cai Y., Shi D., Liu G., Ying Y., Cheng Y., Wang Y., Chen D., Lu J., Zhao D., 2020. Polycrystalline zirconium metal-organic framework membranes supported on flexible carbon cloth for organic solvent nanofiltration. Journal of Membrane Science. 615, 118551.
32. Zhu C., He Y., Liu Y., Kazantseva N., Saha P., Cheng Q., 2019. ZnO@ MOF@ PANI core-shell nanoarrays on carbon cloth for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes. Journal of Energy Chemistry. 35, 124-131.
33. Zhang F., Niu T., Wu F., Wu L., Wang G., Li J., 2021. Highly oriented MIL-101 (Cr) continuous films grown on carbon cloth as efficient polysulfide barrier for lithium-sulfur batteries. Electrochimica Acta. 392, 139028.
34. Zare Dorabei R., Aghagoli M.J., Maleki A., Mollahosseini A., 2021. Optimization of lead ion removal using chitosan-coated Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles in real samples. Nanomeghyas. 8(3), 13-19. https://doi.org/20.1001.1.24235628.1400.8.3.1.4.
35. Zare-Dorabei R., Darbandsari M.S., Moghimi A., Tehrani M.S., Nazerdeylami S., 2016. Synthesis, characterization and application of cyclam-modified magnetic SBA-15 as a novel sorbent and its optimization by central composite design for adsorption and determination of trace amounts of lead ions. RSC advances. 6(110), 108477-108487.
36. Sohrabi M.R., Matbouie Z., Asgharinezhad A.A., Dehghani A., 2013. Solid phase extraction of Cd (II) and Pb (II) using a magnetic metal-organic framework, and their determination by FAAS. Microchimica Acta. 180, 589-597.
37. Wei W., Gupta K.M., Liu J., Jiang J., 2018. Zeolitic imidazolate framework membranes for organic solvent nanofiltration: a molecular simulation exploration. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. 10(39), 33135-33143. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b08364.
38. Hashemi B., Zohrabi P., Raza N., Kim K.H., 2017. Metal-organic frameworks as advanced sorbents for the extraction and determination of pollutants from environmental, biological, and food media. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry. 97, 65-82.
39. Azadi S., Zare-Dorabei R., Hamidi F., Safarifard V., 2020. Synthesis of GQD@ ZIF-8 nano hybrids and its application as a lead optical sensor. Applied Chemistry. 15 (55), 327-342. https://doi.org/10.22075/chem.2019.18395.1690.
40. Lively R.P., Dose M.E., Thompson J.A., McCool B.A., Chance R.R., Koros W.J., 2011. Ethanol and water adsorption in methanol-derived ZIF-71. Chemical Communications. 47(30), 8667-8669.
41. Sanaei Y., Zeeb M., Homami S.S., Monzavi A., Khodadadi Z., 2021. Fabrication of ZIF-71/Fe3O4/polythionine nanoarray-functionalized carbon cotton cloth for simultaneous extraction and quantitation of febuxostat and diclofenac. RSC Advances. 11(48), 30361-30372. https://doi.org/10.1039/D1RA04670E.
42. Daryakenary M.A., Zeeb M., 2017. Trace determination of chlorpheniramine in human plasma using magnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction based on a graphene oxide/Fe3O4@polythionine nanocomposite combined with high-performance liquid chromatography. RSC Advances. 7(84), 53210-53218. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ra09707g.
43. Wang J., Zhu W., Zhang T., Zhang L., Du T., Zhang W., Zhang D., Sun J., Yue T., Wang Y.C., 2020. Conductive polyaniline-graphene oxide sorbent for electrochemically assisted solid-phase extraction of lead ions in aqueous food samples. Analytica Chimica Acta. 1100, 57-65.
44. Suo L., Zhao J., Dong X., Gao X., Li X., Xu J., Lu X., Zhao L., 2019. Functionalization of a SiO 2-coated magnetic graphene oxide composite with polyaniline–polypyrrole for magnetic solid phase extraction of ultra-trace Cr (III) and Pb (II) in water and food samples using a Box–Behnken design. New Journal of Chemistry. 43(30), 12126-12136.
45. Babaei A., Zeeb M., Es‐haghi A., 2018. Magnetic dispersive solid‐phase extraction based on graphene oxide/Fe3O4@ polythionine nanocomposite followed by atomic absorption spectrometry for zinc monitoring in water, flour, celery and egg. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 98(9), 3571-3579.
46. Gouda A.A., Al Ghannam S.M., 2016. Impregnated multiwalled carbon nanotubes as efficient sorbent for the solid phase extraction of trace amounts of heavy metal ions in food and water samples. Food Chemistry. 202, 409-416.
47. Salehi R., Dadashian F., Abedi M., 2017. In: 17th World Textile Conference AUTEX 2017- Textiles - Shaping the Future, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Corfu (Kerkyra), Greece. May 29–31. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/254/4/042024.
48. Ngeontae W., Aeungmaitrepirom W., Tuntulani T., 2007. Chemically modified silica gel with aminothioamidoanthraquinone for solid phase extraction and preconcentration of Pb (II), Cu (II), Ni (II), Co (II) and Cd (II). Talanta. 71(3), 1075-1082.
49. Tuzen M., Saygi K.O., Usta C., Soylak M., 2008. Pseudomonas aeruginosa immobilized multiwalled carbon nanotubes as biosorbent for heavy metal ions. Bioresource Technology. 99(6), 1563-1570.
50. Hashemi O.R., Raoufi F., Ganjali M.R., Moghimi A., Kargar-Razi M., Aghabozorg H., Shamsipur M., 2000. Separation and preconcentration of trace amounts of lead on octadecyl silica membrane disks modified with a new O, S-containing schiff’s base and its determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Analytical Sciences. 16(11), 1221-1223.
51. Aydin F., Çakmak R., Levent A., Soylak M., 2020. Silica Gel‐Immobilized 5‐aminoisophthalohydrazide: A novel sorbent for solid phase extraction of Cu, Zn and Pb from natural water samples. Applied Organometallic Chemistry. 34(4), e5481.