Evaluation of producibility and drought tolerance of three millet cultivars and sorghum var. Speedfeed in Rafsanjan region

Subject Areas : Journal of Plant Ecophysiology

mohammad  safaee ¹ (M. Sc. student of Agronomy, Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Genetic and Crop Production, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran)
arman  azari ² (Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Genetic and Crop Production, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran)

Received: 2018-04-22 Accepted : 2018-10-24 Published : 2020-03-20

Keywords: Yield, Drought stress, Forage, Millet,

Abstract :

In order to evaluation of producibility and drought tolerance of three varieties of forage mille and one variety of sorghum, the experiment was conducted a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Irrigation frequencies consisted of irrigation after 80 (control), 120 and 160 mm evaporation from class A pan as main plots and sub plots was consisted of sorghum varietiy (Sorghum bicolor var. Speedfeed) and three varieties of millet (Setaria italica var. Bastan, Panicum miliaceum var. Pishahang and Pennisetum americanum var. Nutrifeed). Irrigation after 120 mm evaporation resulted in a mild drought stress. However, the delay in irrigation reduced values of studied growth and physiological characteristics forage yield and reserves in shoot appeared to be important in this situation. Drought stress reduced forage quality by reducing the leaf area and leafy index. Sorghum variety compared to millet varieties had higher drought tolerance due to higher dry matter production as well as the highest value of tolerance indices MP, GMP, STI and HAM. Of the three varieties of millet, Pishahang proved superiority. At control irrigation frequency, highest forage yield (6251 Kg/ha) produced by Speedfeed, and the highest forage yield (9376 Kg/ha) obtained from Pishahang among millet cultivars. Higher forage quality achieved by Nutrifeed millet due to highest of leaf dry weight, leafier index (45%) and crude protein percent (20.7), which can be considered in agronomic decisions.

References:

Azari, A., S. A. M. Modares Sanavi, A. Anagholi, S. A. M. Cheraghi, M. Gholami, B. Alizadeh, H. Askari and K. Sadatasilan. 2011. Genotypes performance of brassica Species under Saline Conditions using Salt Tolerance Indices. Iran. J. field. Crop Sci. 43: 113-127.

Betran, F. J., D. Beck, M. Banziger and G. O. Edmeades. 2003. Genetic analysis of inbred and hybrid grain yield under stress and nonstress environments in tropical maize. Crop Sci. 43: 807–817.

Bremner, J. M and D. R. Keeney. 1965. Stream distillation methods for determination of ammonium, nitrate and nitrite. Anal. Chim. Acta. 32: 485-495.

Byrne, P. F., J. Bolanos, G. O0. Edmeades  and D. L. Eaton. 1995. Gains from selection under drought versus multilocation testing in related tropical maize populations. Crop Sci. 35: 63–69.

Cattivelli, L., F. Rizza, F. W. Badeck, E. Mazzucotelli, A. M. Mastrangelo and E. Francia. 2008. Drought tolerance improvement in crop plants: an integrated view from breeding to genomics. Field Crops. Res. 105 (1–2): 1–14.

Clarke, J. M., R. M. De Pauw, and T. M. Townley-Smith. 1992. Evaluation of methods for quantification of drought tolerance in wheat. Crop Sci. 32: 728– 732.

Emam, Y and M. Niknezhad. 2004. Introduction to the physiology of crop yield. (2^th ed.) Shiraz University.P 579. (In Persian).

Fernandez, G. C. J. 1992. Effective selection criteria for assessing plant stress tolerance. In: Kuo,C. C. (Ed), Proc. Of an International Symposium on Adaptation of Food Crops to Temperature and Water Stress. AVRDC, Shanhua, Taiwan. 257-270.

Fracasso, A., L. Trindade and S. Amaducci. 2015. Drought tolerance strategies highlighted by two Sorghum bicolor races in a dry-down experiment. J. Plant. Physiol. 65: 175-183.

Fraser, J., D. McCartney, H. Najda and Z. Mir. 2004. Yield potential and  forage quality of annual forage legumes in southern Alberta and northeast Saskatchewan. Can. J. Plant Sci. 84: 143-155.

Gavuzzi, P., F. Rizza, M. Palumbo, R. G. Campaline, G. L. Ricciard  and B. Borghi. 1997. Evaluation of field and laboratory predictors of drought and heat tolerance in winter cereals. Can. J. Plant Sci. 77: 523–531.

Hasheminasab, H., A. Aliakbari and R. Baniasadi. 2014. Optimizing the relative water protection (RWP) as novel approach for monitoring drought tolerance in Iranian pistachio cultivars using graphical analysis. Int. J. Biosci. 4: 194-203. (In Persian)

Jaleel, C. A., R. Gopi and R. Panneerselvam. 2007. Alterations in lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage, and proline metabolism in Catharanthus roseus under treatment with triadimefon, a systemic fungicide. C. R. Biol. 330 (12): 905–12.

Kafi, M., A, Borzoee,. A, Kamandi., A, Masoumi and Nabati, J. 2009. Physiology of environmental stress in plants. Jihad Daneshgahi of Mashhad press. (In Persian)

Khajepour, M. R. 2013. Cereal. University of esfahan Ltd.

Kumari Vinodhana, N and K. Ganesamurthy. 2010. Evaluation of morpho-physiologicalcharacters in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) genotypes under post-floweringdrought stress. J. Plant. Breed. 1(4),585-589.

Lithourgidis, A., I. Vasilakoglou, K. Dhima, C. Doras  and M. Yiakoulaki. 2006. Forage yield and quality of common vetch mixtures with oat and triticale in two seeding ratios. Field Crops. Res.  99: 106-113.

Majnoon Hosseini, N. 2015. Cereal crops (Cultivation and production ,2^th ed). University of Tehran press.

Malekshahi, F., H. Dehghani and B. Alizadeh. 2009. Study of drought tolerance indices in some winter rapeseed varieties  (Brassica napus  L.). J. Sci. technol. Agric. Res. 48: 77-89 (in Persian).

Munne, S., K. Schwarz, L. Alegre, G. Horvath and Z. Szigeti. 1999. Alpha-tocopherol protectionagainst drought, induced damage in Rosmarinus officinalis L and Melissa officinalis L. proceedings of an International workshop at Tata, Hungary, 23-26 August.

Nadiu, T and A. Naraly. 2001. Screening of drought tolerance in greengram (Vina radiata L. Wilczeek) genotypes under receding soil moisture. Indian. J. Plant Physiol. 6(2): 197-201.

Narooie, M. 2015. Response of sorghum (Sorghum bicolar Momench) cultivars to nitrogen fertilization and sowing dates. M. Sc. Thesis, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding. Vali-e-Asr Univerity. Rafsanjan. Iran.

Narooyi Rad, M. R., R. Abbasi and M. Mohammad Ghasemi. 2009. Evaluation of drought tolerance using indicators of stress tolerance in sorghum landraces collected in National Plant Gene Bank of Iran. Int. J. Environ. Agric Res. 82: 11- 18.

Nouriazhar, J  and  P. Ehsanzedeh. 2007. Study of  relationship of some growth indices and yield of five corn hybrids at two irrigation regime in Esfahan region. J. Sci. technol. 41: 261- 272.

Pinheiro, C., and M. M, Chaves. 2011. Photosynthesis and drought: can we make metabolic connections from available data.  J. Exp. Bot. 62(3): 869-82.

Rai, K., R. K. Kalia, R. Singh, P. Gangola and A. Dhawan. 2011. Developing stress tolerant plants through in vitro selection An overview of the recent progress. Environ.Exper. Bot.  71: 89-98.

Rajendra, H., M. Devaraja and G. Subash. 2006. Effect of stage of harvesting of seed crop, Nitrogen and  Phosphorus level of the forage yield and ratoon ability if forage pearl millet. Ind. J. Agric. Res. 40 (3): 232 – 234.

Ritchie, S. W., H. I. Nyvgen., and A. S. Halady. 1990. Leaf water content and gas exchange parameters of two wheat genotypes differing in drought resistance. Crop Sci. 30: 105-111.

Rooney, W. L., J. Blumenthal., B. Bean., J. Mullet. 2007. Designing sorghum as adedicated bioenergy feedstock. Biofuel. Bioprod. Biorefin. 1(2): 147 – 157.

Safari, H. and A. A. jafari. 2011. Drought resistance evaluation based on forage yield in accessions of Agropyron trichophorumby drought resistance indices. Iran. J. Range. Desert. Res. 19 (4): 640- 653.

Simane, B., P. C. Struik, M. M. Nachit and J. M. Peacock. 1993. Ontogenic analysis of field components and yield stability of durum wheat in water-limited environments. Euphytica.71: 211–219.

Tadayon, M. R and H. Karimzadeh Soureshjani.2017.Effect of zeolite on physiological and biochemical attributes of Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) in deficit irrigation conditions . Iran. J. field. Crop Sci.48(2):443-452.

Van Ginkel, M., D. S. Calhoun., G. Gebeyehu., A. Miranda., C. Tian-you., R. Pargas Lara., R. M. Trethowan., K. Sayre. L. Crossa., and S. Rajaram. 1998. Plant traits related to yield of wheat in early, late, or continuous drought conditions. Euphytica. 100: 109– 121.

Van Soest, P. J. 1973. Revised estimates of the net energy values of foods. InProc, Cornel Nutri. Conf. Ithaca, New York Cornel University Press, PP 11-23.

Earl, H. J and R. F. Davis. 2003. Effect of drought stress on leaf and whole canopy radiation use efficiency and yield of maize. Agron J. 95: 688-696.