Developing Framework for Evaluating the Performance of the Audit CCommittee Using the Meta-combination Method
Subject Areas :
Jafar Babajani
1
,
Ghasem Bulu
2
,
Vajhollah Ghorbanizadeh
3
,
Alireza Javadipour
4
1 - Department of Accounting, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran. Corresponding Author
2 - Department of Accounting, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran
3 - Department of Governmental Management, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran
4 - Department of Accounting, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran
Received: 2022-09-23
Accepted : 2022-11-24
Published : 2022-12-22
Keywords:
Abstract :
Abstract
The audit committee plays an important role in implementing the corporate governance system, and evaluating its performance is essential to determine the improvement of activities and increase its efficiency and effectiveness. Due to the lack of a clear framework for evaluating the performance of the audit committee in Iran, the present study has tried to provide a systematic framework for evaluating the performance of the audit committee. The present study is considered as a development research in terms of purpose and for conducting research, the qualitative research method has been used and among the qualitative research methods, the meta-combined method has been used. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, research conducted over a period of 30 years (1993 to 2022) and 513 articles were reviewed and finally 76 articles that received the necessary points has been analyzed using the Sandelsky and Barroso meta-combination method. The research findings provide 95 indicators, 15 components and 3 dimensions to evaluate the performance of the audit committee. Finally, using Shannon entropy method, the level of support of previous research findings from the present research findings is determined and also suggestions for future research are presented.
References:
فهرست منابع
آروین حسین و حمیدرضا یزدانی، (1397)، "طراحی مدل ارزیابی عملکرد حسابرسان دیوان محاسبات کشور: بخش تعریف عملکرد"، دانش حسابرسی، ۱۸ (۷۳)، صص۱۰۳-۱۲۱،
بذرافشان، آمنه، (1395)، "اثرگذاری کیفیت کمیته حسابرسی بر تحقق اهداف کنترلهای داخلی حاکم بر گزارشگری مالی"، مطالعات تجربی حسابداری مالی، شماره 52، صص 179-284،
توانگر حمزه کلایی، افسانه و مهدی اسکافی اصل، (1397)، "ارتباط بین قدرت مدیرعامل، ویژگیهای کمیته حسابرسی و کیفیت کنترل داخلی"، پژوهشهای حسابداری مالی و حسابرسی، شماره 38، صص 187-207،
حاجیها، زهره و عادله آزادزاده، (1398)، "ویژگیهای کمیته حسابرسی و قابلیت مقایسه صورتهای مالی با تأکید بر اندازه مؤسسه حسابرسی و حاکمیت شرکتی"، دانش حسابداری مالی، 6(3)، صص 95-117،
حساس یگانه، یحیی، روح اله صدیقی و فاطمه حسنزاده، (1395)، "رابطه کیفیت حسابرسی مستقل و کمیته حسابرسی با مدیریت سود و مدیریت جریانات نقدی"، دانش حسابداری و حسابرسی مدیریت، شماره 22، صص 13-24،
حیدری نژاد، قدرت اله، بابک جمشیدی نوید و مهرداد قنبری، (1399)، "شناسائی عوامل مؤثر بر کیفیت کمیته حسابرسی"، دانش حسابرسی، ۲۰ (۷۹)، صص 316-344،
خوئینی، بهداد، محسن فقیه و مهرداد شفیعی، (1397)، "ارتباط بین ویژگیهای کمیته حسابرسی با معیارهای عملکرد شرکتها"، تحقیقات حسابداری و حسابرسی، 10(40)، صص 105-126،
داداشی، ایمان و محمد نوروزی، (1397)، "ارائه مدلی برای تبیین اثربخشی کمیته حسابرسی و کیفیت حسابرسی مبتنی بر معادلات ساختاری"،پژوهشهای تجربی حسابداری، شماره 8، صص 251-282،
دارابی، رویا و مجید معروفخانی، (1394)، "ارزیابی عملکرد کمیته حسابرسی"، دومین همایش ملی حاکمیت شرکتی، دانشگاه الزهرا، صص 1-10،
دریاباری، عباس، قدرت اله طالب نیا، محمد خدایی وله زاقرد، محمد احمدی فائق و حمیدرضا وکیلی فرد، (1399)، "طراحی مدل و ارزیابی نقش تعدیلی ویژگیهای کمیته حسابرسی بر رابطه بین کیفیت گزارشگری مالی و ریسک سقوط قیمت سهام در شرکتهای پذیرفته شده بورس اوراق بهادار تهران"، فصلنامه علمی-پژوهشی اقتصاد و مدیریت شهری، ۸ (۳۱)، صص ۱۰۹-۱۲۴،
رویایی، رمضان علی و محمد ابراهیمی، (1394)، "بررسی تأثیر ویژگیهای کمیته حسابرسی بر سطح افشای داوطلبانه اخلاق"، فصلنامه حسابداری مالی، شماره 25، صص 71- 88،
زارعی، علیرضا و معصومه قاسمی، (1395)، "اثر ویژگیهای کمیتة حسابرسی بر کیفیت گزارشگری مالی"، بررسیهای حسابداری، شماره 12، صص 43-64،
زلقی، حسن، محمد نوروزی، غلامحسین اسدی و محمد کزازی، (1398)، "ویژگیهای کمیته حسابرسی، هزینه بدهی و کارایی سرمایهگذاری"، پژوهشهای حسابداری مالی، 11(1)، صص 101-116،
ســازمان بورس و اوارق بهادار، (1391)، "منشورکمیته حسابرسی"، تهران، ایران، صص 1-6،
سپاسی، سحر و مرتضی کاظمپور، (1394)، "تأثیر وجود کمیته حسابرسی و واحد حسابرسی داخلی بر هموارسازی سود شرکتهای پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار"، دو ماهنامه حسابرسان داخلی، شماره 5 و6، صص 61-74،
جامعی، رضا و آزاده رستمیان، (1394)، "تأثیر تخصص مالی اعضای کمیته حسابرسی بر ویژگیهای سود پیشبینی شده"، پژوهشهای حسابداری مالی و حسابرسی، شماره 29، صص 1-17،
صالحی، تابنده، مهدی بهارمقدم و احمد خدامیپور، (1390)، "عوامل مؤثر بر اثربخشی کمیته حسابرسی و موانع استقرار آن"، پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، صص 12-85،
صفری گرایلی، مهدی، یاسر رضائی پیته نوئی و محمد نوروزی، (1396)، "ارائه مدلی برای تبیین اثربخشی کمیته حسابرسی و محتوای ارزشی اطلاعات حسابداری"، دانش حسابداری و حسابرسی مدیریت، شماره 24، صص 1-12،
علوی طبری، سیدحسین و راضیه عصابخش، (1389)، "نقش کمیتهی حسابرسی و بررسی موانع ایجاد و بهکارگیری آن در ایران"، پیشرفتهای حسابداری، شماره 2، صص 155-177،
علوی، سید مصطفی و محمدحسین قائمی، (1396)، "آسیبشناسی کمیتههای حسابرسی"، دانش حسابرسی، ۱۷ (۶۸)، صص ۱۲۷-۱۴۷،
علوی، سیدمصطفی، محمدحسین قائمی و جواد رضازاده، (1396)، "بررسی تأثیر فعالیتهای کمیتههایحسابرسی بر گزارشگریمالی"، پژوهشهای کاربردی در گزارشگری مالی، شماره 6، صص 35-66،
فخاری، حسین، جواد محمدی و محمدحسن نتاج کردی، (1394)، "بررسی اثر ویژگیهای کمیته حسابرسی بر مدیریت سود از طریق اقلام واقعی"، مطالعات تجربی حسابداری مالی، سال51، شماره 21، صص 521-519،
قائمی، فاطمه، زهرا مرادی و غلامحسین علوی، (1399)، "تأثیر ویژگیهای کمیته حسابرسی بر کنترلهای داخلی و مدیریت سود"، پژوهشهای حسابداری مالی و حسابرسی، شماره 46، صص 259-280،
کردلویی، حمیدرضا و وحید یوسفی، (1396)، "ویژگیهای کمیته حسابرسی و کیفیت صورتهای مالی"،مدیریت کسب و کار، شماره 36، صص 93-109،
کرمی، غلامرضا و صغری فصیحی، (1395)، "تأثیر ویژگیهای کمیته حسابرسی بر ارتباط ارزشی اطلاعات حسابداری شرکتهای پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران"، همایش ملی حسابرسی و نظارت مالی ایران، صص 1-15،
محمدپور، مسعود و شاهرخ شهرابی، (1393)، "ساز و کار کمیته حسابرسی اثربخش"، مجله حسابدار، تهران، صص 50-57،
محمدی، رضا، رویا دارابی و فاطمه صراف، (1399)، "بررسی عوامل مؤثر در کارایی کمیتههای حسابرسی با استفاده از روش فراترکیب (متاسنتز)"، دانش حسابداری و حسابرسی مدیریت، 9(34)، صص 107-126،
نیکبخت، محمدرضا و مریم قدس، (1398)، "ارائه مدل ارزیابی عملکرد حسابرسی داخلی در ایران"، پژوهشهای تجربی حسابداری، شماره 33، صص 101-129
_||_
Abbott, L. J., and Parker, S. (2000). “Audit Committee Characteristics and Auditors Selection”, Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory, 19(2), PP. 47-66
Albersmann, B. T., & Hohenfels, D. (2017), “Audit Committees and Earnings Management–Evidence from the German Two-tier board System”, Schmalenbach Business Review, 18(2), PP. 147-178.
Al-dhamari, R., & Ku Ismail, K. N. I. (2017), “Governance Structure, Ownership Structure and Earnings Predictability: Malaysian evidence”, Asian Academy of Management Journal of Accounting and Finance, 9(1), PP. 1-23.
Alhababsah, S., & Yekini, S. (2021), “Audit Committee and Audit Quality: An Empirical Analysis Considering Industry Expertise, Legal Expertise and Gender Diversity”, Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 42, 100377.
Al-Matari, Y. A., Al-Swidi, A. K., & Fadzil, F. H. B. (2012), “Audit Committee Effectiveness and Performance of Saudi Arabia Listed Companies”, Wulfenia Journal, 19(8), PP. 169-188.
Al-Okaily, J., & BenYoussef, N. (2020), “Audit Committee Effectiveness and Non-audit Service Fees: Evidence from UK Family Firms”, Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 41, 100356.
Al-Shaer., H aly., S. and Steven, T. (2017), “Audit Committees and Financial Reporting Quality: Evidence from UK Environmental Accounting Disclosures”, Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 18, PP. 2-21,
American Law Institute (1994), “Principles of Corporate Governance: Analysis and Recommendations”, the American Law Institute Publishers, St. Paul: MN. - American Law Institute, Principles of Corporate Governance: Analysis and Recommendations (St. Paul, MN: American Law Institute Publishers, 1994), Part 3.05, PP. 103. - Anonymous, “SEC Chief Suggests Voluntary Policing in Business Ethics, Other Groups Cited as Examples in Corporate Accountability, Standards”, Wall Street Journal, 25 October 1979,
Archambeault, D., & DeZoort, F. T. (2001), “Auditor Opinion Shopping and the Audit Committee: An Analysis of Suspicious Auditor Switches”, International Journal of Auditing, 5(1), PP. 33-52.
Arnold, H.J. & Feldman, D.C. (1986), “Orgenizational Behavior”, New youk MeGraw-Hill,
Australian Securities Exchange. (2010), “ASX CGC Principles of Good Corporate Governance and best Practice Recommendation”, Recommendations and Guidance in Relation to Audit Committees
Baatwah, S.R., Salleh, Z., & Stewart, J. (2019), “Audit Committee Chair Accounting Expertise and Audit Report Timeliness: The Moderating Effect of Chair Characteristics”, Asian Review of Accounting, 27 (2), PP. 273-306
Baxter, P., & Cotter, J. (2009), “Audit Committees and Earnings Quality”, Accounting & Finance, 49(2), PP. 267-290.
Beasley, M. S., Carcello, J. V., Hermanson, D. R., and Neal, T. L. (2009), “The Audit Committee Oversight Process”, Contemporary Accounting Research, Vol. 26 No. 1, PP. 65-122,
Beasley, M.S., Carcello, J.V., Hermanson, D.R., Lapides, P.D., (2000), “Fraudulent Financial Reporting: Consideration of Industry Traits and Corporate Governance Mechanisms”, Accounting Horizons 14, PP. 441-454.
Beasley, M.S., Salterio, S.E., (2001), “The Relationship between board Characteristics and Voluntary Improvements in Audit Committee Composition and Experience”, Contemporary Accounting Research 18, PP. 539-570.
Bedard, J. and Genron, Y. (2010), “Strengthening the Financial Reporting System: Can Audit Committees Deliver?”, International Journal of Auditing, 14, PP. 174-210,
Bedard, J., Chtourou, S.M. and Courteau, L. (2004), “The Effect of Audit Committee Expertise, Independence and Activity on Aggressive Earning Management”, Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory, 23(2), PP. 13-35,
Bishop, W. G, Hermanson, D. R. Lapides, P. D and Rittenberg, L.R. (2000), “The Year of the Audit Committee”, Internal Auditor, PP. 46-56,
Blue Ribbon Committee (BRC) (1999), “Report and Recommendations of the Blue Ribbon Committee on Improving the Effectiveness of Corporate Audit Committees”, The Business Lawyer, 54(3), PP. 1067-1095.
Braiotta, L. (2002), “Corporate Audit Committees; an Approach to Continuous Improvement”, The CPA Journal, PP. 48-51,
Bryan, D., Liu, M. C., Tiras, S. L., & Zhuang, Z. (2013), “Optimal Versus Suboptimal Choices of Accounting Expertise on Audit Committees and Earnings Quality”, Review of Accounting Studies, 18(4), PP. 1123-1158.
Buallay, A. M., & AlDhaen, E. S. (2018), “The Relationship between Audit Committee Characteristics and the Level of Sustainability Report Disclosure”, Paper presented at the Conference on e-Business, e-Services and e-Society
Cadbury, A. et al. (1992), “Financial Aspects of Corporate Governance”, (“The Cadbury Report”). London, UK: The Committee on the Financial Aspect of Corporate Governance (“The Cadbury Committee”). And Gee and Co, Ltd. http://www.ecgi.org/codes/documents/cadbury.pdf (accessed 22 July 2005),
Canadian Securities Administrators (CSA) (2004), “Multilateral Instrument MI 52-110 Audit Committees”, Montreal: CSA.
Carcello, J.V. and Neal, T.L. (2000), “Audit Committee Composition and Auditor Reporting”, the Accounting Review, 75(4), PP. 453-467,
Cascio, W. F., & Aguinis, H. (2005), “Applied Psychology in Human Resource Management”.
Choi, J.-H., Jeon, K.-A., & Park, J.-I. (2004), “The Role of Audit Committees in Decreasing Earnings Management: Korean Evidence”, International Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Performance Evaluation, 1(1), PP. 37-60.
R., Hoitash.U., Krishnamoorthy.G.and Wright.A.(2014), “The Effect of Audit Committee Industry Expertise on Monitoring the Financial Reporting Process”, Accounting Review, 89,1 , PP. 243-273,
Collier, P., & Gregory, A. (1999), “Audit Committee Activity and Agency Costs”, Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 18(4-5), PP. 311-332.
Compernolle, T., & Richard, C. (2018), “The Audit Committee as an Interactive Process: Insights on the AC Chairperson’s Power”, European Accounting Review, 27(4), PP. 623-647.
Deloitte, (2017), “Audit Commiittee Performance Evaluation Self assessment Checklist”.
DeZoort, F. T. (1998), “An Analysis of Experience Effects on Audit Committee Members' Oversight Judgments”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, 23(1), PP. 1-21.
DeZoort, F.T. and Salterio, S.E. (2001), “The Effects of Corporate Governance Experience and Financial Reporting and Audit Knowledge on Audit Committee Members„Judgements”, Auditing: A journal of Practice and Theory, 20(2), PP. 31- 47,
DeZoort, F.T., Hermanson, D.R., Archambeault, D.S., and Reed, S.A. (2002), “Audit Committee Effectiveness: A Synthesis of the Empirical Audit Committee Literature”, Journal of Accounting Literature, 21, PP. 38-75,
Dhaliwal, D., Naiker, V., & Navissi, F. (2010), “The Association between Accruals Quality and the Characteristics of Accounting Experts and Mix of Expertise on Audit Committees”, Contemporary Accounting Research, 27(3), PP. 787-827.
Ernst & Young. (2002), “Audit Committees: Providing Oversight in Challenging Times”, New York, NY,
Felo,A.J. Krishnamurthy,S. Solieri,S. (2003), “Audit Committee Characteristics and the Perceived Quality of Financial Reporting: An Empirical Analysis”.
Gendron, Y., & Bédard, J. (2006), “On the Constitution of Audit Committee Effectiveness”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, 31(3), PP. 211-239.
Gendron, Y., Bedard, J., & Gosselin, M. (2004), “Getting inside the Black Box: A Field Study of Practices in “Effective” Audit Committees”, Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 23(1), PP. 153-171.
Ghafran, C., & O'Sullivan, N. (2017), “The Impact of Audit Committee Expertise on Audit Quality: Evidence from UK Audit Fees”, The British Accounting Review, 49(6), PP. 578-593.
Ghafran, C., & Yasmin, S. (2018), “Audit Committee Chair and Financial Reporting Timeliness: A Focus on Financial, Experiential and Monitoring Expertise”, International Journal of Auditing, 22 (1), PP. 13-24.
Ghosh, A., Marra, A., & Moon, D. (2010), “Corporate boards, Audit Committees, and Earnings Management: Preand Post‐SOX Evidence”, Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 37(9‐10), PP. 1145-1176.
Goddard, A. R., and C. Masters. (2000), “Audit Committees, Cadbury Code and Audit Fees: an Empirical Analysis of UK Companies”, Managerial Auditing Journal, 15, PP. 358-3 71,
Gorshunov, Mikhail & Armenakis, Achilles & Harris, Stanley & Walker, Harvell. (2021), “Quad-qualified Audit Committee Director: Implications for Monitoring and Reducing Financial Corruption”, Journal of Corporate Finance. 10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2020.101854.
Habib, A., & Bhuiyan, M. B. U. (2016), “Overlapping Membership on Audit and Compensation Committees and Financial Reporting Quality”, Australian Accounting Review, 26 (1), PP. 76-90.
Habiba .A. (2014), “The Relationship between Audit Committees, Corporate Environmental Disclosure, and Environmental Reputation: UK Evidence”, Doctoral Thesis, Durham University, Electronic Copy available at: http://ssrn.com,
Hambrick, Donald & Misangyi, Vilmos & Park, Chuljin. (2015), “The Quad Model for Identifying a Corporate Director's Potential for Effective Monitoring: Toward a New Theory of Board Sufficiency”, Academy of Management Review. 40. 323-344. 10.5465/amr.2014.0066.
Hunton, J., and Rose, J. (2008), “Can Directors‟ Self-interests Influence Accounting Choices?”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, Vol. 33, Nos. 7-8, PP. 783-800.
Kalbers, L. and T. Fogarty (1993), “Audit Committee Effectiveness: An Empirical Investigation of the Contribution of Power Auditing”, Journal of Practice and Theory, 12:,1, PP. 24-49.
Kalelkar, R. (2017), “Audit Committee Diligence around Initial Audit Engagement”, Advances in Accounting, 33, PP. 59-67.
Kang, Y. J., Trotman, A. J., & Trotman, K. T. (2015), “The Effect of an Audit Judgment Rule on Audit Committee Members’ Professional Skepticism: The Case of Accounting Estimates”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, 46, PP. 59-76.
Kao, L., & Chen, A. (2020), “How a Pre-IPO Audit Committee Improves IPO Pricing Efficiency in an Economy with little Value Uncertainty and Information Asymmetry”, Journal of Banking & Finance, 110, 105688.
Kapkiyai, C., Cheboi, J., & Komen, J. (2020), “Audit Committee Effectiveness and Earnings Management Among Publicly Listed Firms in Kenya”, SEISENSE Journal of Management, 3(2), PP. 31-44.
Karamanou, I., & Vafeas, N. (2005), “The Association between Corporate boards, Audit Committees, and Management Earnings Forecasts: An Empirical Analysis”, Journal of Accounting Research, 43(3), PP. 453-486.
Karim, K., Robin, A., & Suh, S. (2016), “Board Structure and Audit Committee Monitoring: Effects of Audit Committee Monitoring Incentives and board Entrenchment on Audit Fees”, Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance, 31 (2), PP. 249-276.
Katmon, N., & Al Farooque, O. (2017), “Exploring the Impact of Internal Corporate Governance on the Relation between Disclosure Quality and Earnings Management in the UK Listed Companies”, Journal of Business Ethics, 142(2), PP. 345-367
Khemakhem, H., & Fontaine, R. (2019), “The Audit Committee Chair’s Abilities: Beyond Financial Expertise”, International Journal of Auditing, 23 (3), PP. 457-471. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijau.12173
Knapp, M. C. (1991), “Factors that Audit Committee Members use as Surrogate for Audit Quality”, Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 10 Spring, PP. 35-52,
KPMG, (2016), “Audit Commiittee Self Assessment”
(2002), “KPMG's Audit Committee Quarterly”, Fall. New York, NY: KPMG LLP,
Lai, K. M., Srinidhi, B., Gul, F. A., & Tsui, J. S. (2017), “Board Gender Diversity, Auditor Fees, and Auditor Choice”, Contemporary Accounting Research, 34(3), PP. 1681-1714.
Lee, J., & Park, J. (2019), “The Impact of Audit Committee Financial Expertise on Management Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) Tone”, European Accounting Review, 28 (1), PP. 129-150.
Liao, C. H., & Hsu, A. W. H. (2013), “Common Membership and Effective Corporate Governance: Evidence from Audit and Compensation Committees”, Corporate Governance: An International Review, 21 (1), PP. 79-92.
Liu, G., and Sun, G. (2010), “Director Tenure and Independent Audit Committee Effectiveness”, International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, Vol. 51, PP. 176-189.
McMullen, D. A. (1996), “Audit Committee Performance: An Investigation of the Consequences Associated with Audit Committees”, Auditing: Journal of Practice and Theory, 15, PP. 87-103,
Morgan, I. (2010), “A Formalised Performance Assessment Process to Improve Audit Committee Performance in South Africa: a Conceptual Exploration”, Southern African Business Review, 14(2).
Moses, T. (2016), “The Impact of Audit Committee Size on the Quality of Financial Reporting in Quoted Nigerian Banks”, International Journal of Advanced Academic Research | Social & Management Sciences, 2, 5, PP. 62-74,
NASDAQ Stock Market (The) (2004), “Corporate Governance Rules 4200, 4200A, 4350, 4350A, 4351, and 4360 and Associated Interpretative Material”, National Commission on Fraudulent Financial
New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), (2014), “Corporate Governance Guide”.
Noe, R.A, Hollenbeck, J. R, Gerhurt, B & Wright, P.M. (2008), “Human Resource Management: Gaining Competitive Advantage”, New York: Mc GrawHill,
Obermire, K. M., Cohen, J. R., & Zehms, K. M. (2021), “Audit Committee Members’ Professional Identities: Evidence from the Field”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, 101242.
Oradi, J. and Izadi, J. (2019), "Audit Committee Gender Diversity and Financial Reporting: Evidence from Restatements", Managerial Auditing Journal, Vol. 35, No. 1, PP. 67-92
Pincus, K., Rusbarsky, M. and Won, J. (1989), “Voluntary Formation of Corporate Audit Committees among NASDAQ Firms”, Journal of Accounting & Public Policy, Vol. 8, No. 4, PP. 239-266,
Prendergast,C.;Topel,R.(1993), “Discretion and Bias in Performance Evaluation”, European Economic Review, 37, PP. 355-365,
Price Waterhouse (l999), “Audit Committees: Best Practices for Protecting Shareholder Interests”, Price Waterhouse Coopers. LLP.
Pucheta-Martinez, M.C. and Fuentes, C.D. (2007), “The Impact of Audit Committee Characteristics on Enhancement of Financial Reporting”, Corporate Governance: An International Review, 15(6), PP. 1394-1412,
Qasim, A. (2020), “Examining the Quality of Audit Committee Work: An Empirical Examination of the Determinants of Audit Committee Diligence in the UAE”, Calitatea, 21(176), PP. 109-111.
Raadt, A., Warrens, M. J., Bosker, R. J., & Kiers, H. A. L. (2019), “Kappa Coefficients for Missing Data”, https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164418823249
Raghunandan K, Read, W. J., & Rama, D. V. (2001), “Audit Committee Composition, Gray Directors, and Interaction with Internal Auditing”, Accounting Horizons, 15 (2), PP. 105-118.
Rainsbury, E. A., Bradbury, M.E. and Cahan, S.F. (2008), “Firm Characteristics and Audit Committees Complying with ‗Best Practice Membership Guidelines”, Accounting and Business Research, 38(5), PP. 393-408,
Rainsbury, E. A., Bradbury, M.E. and Cahan, S.F. (2009), “Firm Characteristics and Audit Committees Complying with ‗Best Practice„ Membership Guidelines”, Accounting and Business Research, 38(5), PP. 393-408,
Roussy, M., Barbe, O., & Raimbault, S. (2020), “Internal Audit: from Effectiveness to Organizational Significance”, Managerial Auditing Journal, 35 (2), PP. 322-342.
Rupley, K., Almer, E., & Philbrick, D. (2011), “Audit Committee Effectiveness: Perceptions of Public Company Audit Committee Members Post-SOX”, Research in Accounting Regulation, 23(2), PP. 138-144.
Sandelowski, M., & Barroso, J. (2007), “Handbook for Synthesizing Qualitative Research”, Springer Publishing Company.
Sarac, H., Caliyurt, K., & Kahyaoglu, S. B. (2020), “The Audit Committee Effectiveness”, An Empirical Work on Turkish Financial Industry12,
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, (2002), “Final Rule for Audit Commiittee”, RELEASE NOS. 33-8220; 34-47654; IC-26001; File No. S7-02-03
Scarbrough, P., D. Rama, and Reghunandan. (1998), “Audit Committee Composition and Interaction with Internal Auditing: Canadian Evidence”, Accounting Horizons, PP. 51-62,
Schmidt, J., & Wilkins, M.S. (2013), “Bringing Darkness to Light: The Influence of Auditor Quality and Audit Committee Expertise on the Timeliness of Financial Statement Restatement Disclosures”, Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory, 32 (1), PP. 221–244.
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION, (2004), “Corporate Governance Standards”, Release No. 34-50298; File No. SR-NYSE-2004-41
Shepardson, M. L. (2019), “Effects of Individual Task-specific Experience in Audit Committee Oversight of Financial Reporting Outcomes”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, 74, PP. 56-74.
Singh, A. K., Aggarwal, A., & Anand, A. K. (2017), “The Impact of Corporate Governance Mechanisms on Earnings Management: A Case of Indian Stock Exchange Listed Companies”, Asia-Pacific Journal of Management Research and Innovation, 12(3-4), PP. 304-316.
Smith, R. Sir (2003), “Audit Committees Combined Code Guidance: A Report and Proposed Guidance by an FRC Appointed Group”, Financial Reporting Council: London,
Snell, S. A & Bohlander, G. W. (2010), “Managing Human Resources”, Thomson Publishing Company.
Spira, L. F. (1998), “An Evolutionary Perspective on Audit Committee Effectiveness”, Corporate Governance, Vol. 6 No. 1, PP. 29-38,
Sultana, N., Cahan, S. F., & Zhang, F. (2017), “Board Sub-committees and Earnings Quality”, International Journal of Corporate Governance, 8 (3-4), PP. 205-235.
Sun,J.Lan,J.Liu,G. (2014), "Independ Audit Committee Charactristics and Real Earnings Management", Managerial Auditing Journal, Vol. 2, No. 2, PP. 153-172,
Susanto, Y. K., & Yangrico, K. E. (2020), “Earnings Management: Evaluation of Audit Committee Activity in Indonesia”, Substansi: Sumber Artikel Akuntansi Auditing dan Keuangan Vokasi, 4(1), PP. 64-77,
Treadway, J.C., (1987), “Report of the National Commission on Fraudulent Financial Reporting”, National Commission on Fraudulent Financial Reporting, Washington, DC,
Turley, S. and Zaman, M. (2004), “Corporate Governance Effects of Audit Committees”, Journal of Management & Governance, Vol. 8, PP. 305-332,
Vafeas, N. (2001), “On Audit Committee Appointments”, Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 20(1), PP. 197-207.
Vinten, G. (l998), “Corporate Governance: an International State of the Art”, Managerial Auditing Journal, 8 (3), PP. 11-24,
Vinten, G., and Lee, C. (1992), “Audit Committees and Corporate Control”, Managerial Auditing Journal, 13(7), PP. 419-431,
Wan-Hussin, W. N., Fitri, H., & Salim, B. (2021), “Audit Committee Chair Overlap, Chair Expertise, and Internal Auditing Practices: Evidence from Malaysia”, Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 44, 100413.
Wild, J. J. (1996), “The Audit Committee and Earning Quality”, Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance 11(spring), PP. 247-276,
Wu, C. Y. H., Hsu, H. H., & Haslam, J. (2016), “Audit Committees, Non-audit Services, and Auditor Reporting Decisions Prior to Failure”, The British Accounting Review, 48(2), PP. 240-256.
Wu, J., Habib, A., & Weil, S. (2014), “Audit Committee Members: What Goes on Behind Closed Doors?”, Australian Accounting Review, 24(4), PP. 321-338,
Wu, J., Habib, A., and Weil, S (2010), “Audit Committee Effectiveness from the Perspective of Audit Committee Members in New Zealand”, Working Paper, Christchurch Polytechnic Institute of Technology, Auckland University of Technology and Lincoln University,
Wu, J., Habib, A., Weil, S., & Wild, S. (2018), “Exploring the Identity of Audit Committee Members of New Zealand Listed Companies”, International Journal of Auditing, 22(2), PP. 164-184,
Xie, B., Davidson III, W. N., & DaDalt, P. J. (2003), “Earnings Management and Corporate Governance: the Role of the board and the Audit Committee”, Journal of Corporate Finance, 9(3), PP. 295-316.
Yang, J. S. & Krishnan, J. (2005), “Audit Committees and Quarterly Earnings Management”, International Journal of Auditing, Vol. 9, No. 3, PP. 201–19.
Zacharias, C. A. (2000), “New Rules, New Responsibilities”, Journal of Accountancy (August), pp. 53-55,
Zaman, M., & Sarens, G. (2013), “Informal Interactions between Audit Committees and internal Audit Functions”, Managerial Auditing Journal, 28 (6), PP. 495-515.
Zaman, M., Hudaib, M., & Haniffa, R. (2011), “Corporate Governance Quality, Audit Fees and Non‐audit Services Fees”, Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 38(1‐2), PP. 165-197
یادداشتها
1 Gorshunov et al
2 DeZoort et al
3 Hambrick et al
4 Cascio & Aguinis
5 Arnold & Feldman
6 Prendergast & Topel
7 Noe et al
8 Snell & Bohlander
9 Wo et al
10 Public Company Accounting Oversight Board
11 Sandelowski and Barroso
12 Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Rubric
13 Sarbanes Oxley Act
14 Blue Ribbon Committee
15 Securities and Exchange Commission
16 Raghounandan et al
17 Rupley et al
18 Archambeault & DeZoort
19 Ghosh et al
20 Ghafran & Yasamin
21 Kapkiyay et al
22 Beasley et al
23 Sheperdson
24 Al-okaily & Ben Yusef
25 Collier & Gregory
26 Batwah et al
27 Obermier et al
28 Zaman et al
29 Sarens et al
30 Kalbers & fogarti
31 Karmanou & Vafeas
32 Oradi & Izadi
33 Schmidt & Wilkins
34 Sultana et al
35 Alhababsah & Yekini
36 Buallay et al
37 Rainsbury et al
38 Management discussion and analysis