Socrates the Sophist

Subject Areas : Epistemological researches

حسن فتحی ¹

1 - دانشیار گروه فلسفه ی دانشگاه تبریز

Received: 2015-05-22 Accepted : 2015-05-22 Published : 2012-09-22

Keywords: Plato, Socrates, Sophists, Aristophanes, Athenian enlightenment,

Abstract :

Socrates is nowadays well-known as a philosopher, opponent of the Sophists of second half of the fifth century B.C., and the forerunner of a philosophical tradition cultivated by Plato and Aristotle, endured along with the whole history of philosophy with some alterations and moderations. But his contemporary Athenians sentenced him to death as a sophist, a heretic and a seducer of the youth. Was there anything in his character, method, behavior and sayings which led the Athenians to such a sentence? The present article answers this question. The conclusion is that there are some similarities between Socrates and the Sophists in the subject matter of discussion, in method, in individual character and in the content of teaching; these similarities can be seen in Plato’s dialogues too.

References:

1-   افلاطون،دوره­ی کامل آثار افلاطون (4 جلدی)،ترجمه­ی محمد حسن لطفی،انتشارت خوارزمی،چاپ دوّم،تهران،1366ش.

2-    ارسطو،متافیزیک (مابعدالطبیعه)،ترجمه­ی دکتر شرف­الدین خراسانی (شرف)،انتشارت نشر گفتار،چاپ دوّم،تهران،1367ش.

3-    آریستوفان،ابرها (مجموعه­ی کمدی­های آریستوفان)،ترجمه­ی رضا شیرمرز،چاپ اول،تهران،1388ش.

4-    کسنوفون،خاطرات سقراطی،ترجمه­ی محمد حسن لطفی،انتشارات خوارزمی،چاپ اوّل،تهران،1373ش.

5-    گاتری،دبلیو. کی. سی.،تاریخ فلسفه­ی یونان (11)،سوفسطاییان (2)،ترجمه­ی حسن فتحی،انتشارات فکر روز،چاپ اول،تهران،1375ش.

6-    همو،تاریخ فلسفه­ی یونان (12)،سقراط،ترجمه­ی حسن فتحی،انتشارات فکر روز،چاپ اول،تهران 1376ش.

7-    همو،فیلسوفان یونان باستان از طالس تا ارسطو،ترجمه­ی حسن فتحی،نشر علم،تهران،1388ش.

8-    دیوگنس لائرتیوس،فیلسوفان یونان،ترجمه­ی بهراد رحمانی،نشر مرکز،تهران،1387ش.

9-    کاپلستن،فریدریک،تاریخ فلسفه،جلد یکم،یونان روم،ترجمه­ی سید جلال­الدین مجتبوی،شرکت انتشارات علمی و فرهنگی و انتشارات سروش،تهران،1368ش.

10-Kerferd, G. B. (1981), the Sophistic Movement, Cambridge University Press.

11-Woodruff, P. (2006), ‘Socrates among the Sophists’ in Ahbel-Rappe and Kamtekar (2006), pp. 36- 47.

12-Ahbeel-­Rappe, S. P. and Rachana Kamtekar (2006) (eds.), A Companion to Socrates, Blackwell Publishing.

13-Taylor, A. E. (1952), Socrates, USA, Doubleday Anchor Books, New York.

14-Xenophon, Memorabilia, Oeconomicus (tr. E.C. Marchant), Symposium and Apology (tr. O. j. Todd), Loeb Classical Library, 1923…1997, Harvard University Press et. al.

15-Taylor, C. C. W. (2006), “Socrates the Sophist”, in Judson and Karasmanis (eds.), Vassilis, (2006): 157- 168.

16-Sedley, D. (ed.) (2003), the Cambridge Companion to Greek and Roman Philosophy, Cambridge University Press.

17-Brodie, S., (2003), ‘The Sophists and Socrates’, in Sedley, D. (ed.) (2003), PP. 73- 97.

18-Brickhouse, T. C. and Smith, N. D. (2003), ‘Socrates’, in Schields (2003), PP. 55- 69.

19-Schilds, C. (ed.) (2003), the Blackwell Guide to Ancient Philosophy, UK, Blackwell Publishing Ltd.